Gloss
From Learn Na'vi Wiki
A gloss (or interlinear gloss) is a style of showing the intermediate steps of translating a sentence or phrase, in order to more clearly show how the meaning is determined. Typically it consists of the following steps:
- The original text in the source language (in this case, Na'vi).
- (optional) The original text, annotated to show the location of affixes, infixes, inflections, etc.
- A literal, word-by-word translation annotated to show the meaning of each word, parts of speech, etc.
- A natural, idiomatic translation in the target language (here, English).
Example
Oeri ta peyä fahew akewong ontu teya längu. oe-ri ta peyä fahew a-kewong ontu teya l<äng>u 1-TOP from 3.POS smell ADJ-alien nose full be<PEJ> My nose is full of his alien smell.
Common abbreviations
| Abbreviation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 1 | first person |
| 2 | second person |
| 3 | third person |
| ABS | absolutive (in the case of Na'vi, equivalent to NTR) |
| ACC | accusative |
| ADJ | adjective |
| ADV | adverb(ial) |
| APB, APROB | approbative |
| AUX | auxiliary |
| CAUS | causative |
| COP | copula |
| DAT | dative |
| DEM | demonstrative |
| DIST | distal |
| DU | dual |
| ERG | ergative |
| EX, EXCL | exclusive |
| F | feminine |
| FUT | future |
| GEN | genitive |
| IMP | imperative |
| IMPV | imperfective. = IPFV (this abbrev. may be confused w imperative) |
| IN, INCL | inclusive |
| INTR | intransitive. = NTR |
| IPFV | imperfective |
| LAUD | laudative. In Na'vi, more accurately APROB |
| M | masculine |
| NEG | negation, negative |
| NMZ | nominalizer/nominalization |
| NTR, INTR | intransitive. |
| PAS | passive |
| PEJ | pejorative |
| PFV | perfective |
| PL | plural |
| POS | possessive |
| PRS, PRES | present |
| PROH | prohibitive |
| PROX | proximal/proximate |
| PST | past |
| PTCP | participle |
| Q | question particle/marker |
| QUOT | quotative |
| RECP | reciprocal |
| REFL | reflexive |
| SJV | subjunctive |
| SG | singular |
| TOP | topic, topical case |
| VOC | vocative |
