User:Ochristi/Construction/Cheat Sheet

nouns

cases Ergative erg -ìl -l who/wer Genitive gen -ä -yä whose/wessen Dative dat -ur -ru -r (to) whom/wem Accusative acc -it -ti -t whom/wen Topic rop -ìri -ri —

lenition px p tx t kx k p f ts s t s k h ’ —

verbs

aspect Perfektive pfv ol Imperfektive ipfv er

tenses Future fut ay Immediate Future imm ìy Present pres Recent Past rec ìm Past pst am

mood Subjunctive sjv iv Imperative imp (intonation)

affect Positive attitude/Approbative approb ei Negative attitude/Pejorative pej äng Formal ceremonial form uy Evidential evid ats

Indicative ind pfv ipfv fut ay aly ary imm ìy ìly ìry pres ol er rec ìm ìlm ìrm pst am alm arm

Subjunctive sjv pfv ipfv fut iyev, ìyev pres iv ilv irv pst imv

Pre-First Adjectival Active Participle actv us Passive pass awn Reflexive refl äp Causative caus eyk

adpositions

without lenition äo below eo before, in front of (place) io above uo behind fa with (by means of) ftu from (direction) [irregular "ftu sat" with the word "tsa" 'that'] hu with (accompaniment) ka across kip among fkip up among kxamlä through (via the middle of) [note that it does not cause lenition despite the fact that its component ilä does] lok close to [also a verb 'to approach'] luke without maw after (time) mìkam between mungwrr except ne to (direction) nemfa into pxaw around sìn on, onto (?) [question mark in the original, evidently not yet decided] ta from (various uses) takip from among tafkip from up among teri about, concerning vay up to

causing lenition fpi for (the benefit or sake of) ìlä by, via, following [stressed on either syllable] mì in ro at sre before (time) wä against (as in: fight against)