https://wiki.learnnavi.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Na%27r%C3%ACghawnu&feedformat=atomLearn Na'vi Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T06:46:28ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.33.0https://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2829Vocabulary2010-03-23T16:16:54Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* M [m] */</p>
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| __TOC__<br />
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The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
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'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
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The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
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''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
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ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
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ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
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ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
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ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
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== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
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'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
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'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
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'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
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'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
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'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
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'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
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'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
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== AW [aw] ==<br />
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'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
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'''awnga, awngal, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
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== AY [aj] ==<br />
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'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18); ''awngal yom wutsot'' [we eat the meal] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
<br />
'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
<br />
'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
<br />
'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
<br />
'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
<br />
'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
<br />
'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
<br />
'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
<br />
'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
<br />
'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|sar}}''' [lε.ˈsaɾ] ''(Adj)'' useful.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [maw.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
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'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
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'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
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'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
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'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
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'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
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'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
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'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''yom °matsat nì’aw'' [we eat only °matzah] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
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'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
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'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
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'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
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'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
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'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
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'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
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'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
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== O [o] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
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'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
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'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
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'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== P [p] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
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'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
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'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
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'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
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'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).'' ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
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'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
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'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
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'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
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'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
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'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
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'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''skxom''' [skʼom] ''(N)'' chance, oppertunity.<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''teng''' [tεŋ] ''(Adj)'' equal, same. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
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'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
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'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
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'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
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'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
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'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
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'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
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'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
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'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
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'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
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'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
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'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
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'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse''' [ʦɛ] ''(Idiom)'' Well … ''(indicates resumption of conversation, or introduces a remark).'' <!-- Definition clarification paraphrased/reworded from m-w.com and dictionary.com definition for "well (Intj)". Given definition was just "Well", but contextual usage was as defined here.--><br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
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'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
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'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance). ► ''ke tsranten'' [it doesn't matter] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2828Vocabulary2010-03-23T07:00:41Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* TS (= C) [ʦ] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
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'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
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'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
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'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngal, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
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== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18); ''awngal yom wutsot'' [we eat the meal] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|sar}}''' [lε.ˈsaɾ] ''(Adj)'' useful.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''yom °matsat nì’aw'' [we eat only °matzah] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
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== O [o] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
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'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
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'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
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'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== P [p] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
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'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
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'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
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'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
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'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).'' ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
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'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
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'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
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'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
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'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
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'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
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'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
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'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
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'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
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'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
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'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
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'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
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'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
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'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
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== R [ɾ] ==<br />
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'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
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'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
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'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
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'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
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'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
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'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
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'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
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'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
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'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
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'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== S [s] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
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'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
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'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
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'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
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'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''skxom''' [skʼom] ''(N)'' chance, oppertunity.<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''teng''' [tεŋ] ''(Adj)'' equal, same. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse''' [ʦɛ] ''(Idiom)'' Well … ''(indicates resumption of conversation, or introduces a remark).'' <!-- Definition clarification paraphrased/reworded from m-w.com and dictionary.com definition for "well (Intj)". Given definition was just "Well", but contextual usage was as defined here.--><br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance). ► ''ke tsranten'' [it doesn't matter] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2827Vocabulary2010-03-23T06:57:57Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* L [l] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngal, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18); ''awngal yom wutsot'' [we eat the meal] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|sar}}''' [lε.ˈsaɾ] ''(Adj)'' useful.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''yom °matsat nì’aw'' [we eat only °matzah] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).'' ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''skxom''' [skʼom] ''(N)'' chance, oppertunity.<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''teng''' [tεŋ] ''(Adj)'' equal, same. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse''' [ʦɛ] ''(Idiom)'' Well ''(Indicate resumption of conversation, or to introduce a remark)'' <!-- Definition clarification paraphrased/reworded from m-w.com and dictionary.com definition for "well (Intj)". Given definition was just "Well", but contextual usage was as defined here.--><br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance). ► ''ke tsranten'' [it doesn't matter] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2818Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:15:56Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* N [n] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngal, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18); ''awngal yom wutsot'' [we eat the meal] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
<br />
'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
== E [ɛ] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
<br />
'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
<br />
'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
<br />
'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
<br />
'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
<br />
'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
<br />
'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
<br />
'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''yom °matsat nì’aw'' [we eat only °matzah] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).'' ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''teng''' [tεŋ] ''(Adj)'' equal, same. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance). ► ''ke tsranten'' [it doesn't matter] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2817Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:14:20Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* TS (= C) [ʦ] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
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'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngal, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18); ''awngal yom wutsot'' [we eat the meal] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== Ä [æ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
<br />
'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
== E [ɛ] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
<br />
'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
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'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
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'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
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'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
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== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
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'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
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'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
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'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
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'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
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'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
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'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
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'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
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'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
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'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
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'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
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'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
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'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
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'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
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'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
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'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
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'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
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'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
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'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
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'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
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'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
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'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
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'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
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'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
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'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
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'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
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'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
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'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
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'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
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'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
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'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
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'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
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'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
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== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
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'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
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'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
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== L [l] ==<br />
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'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
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'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
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'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
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'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
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'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
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'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
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'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
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'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
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'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
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'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
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'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
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'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
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'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
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'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).'' ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''teng''' [tεŋ] ''(Adj)'' equal, same. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance). ► ''ke tsranten'' [it doesn't matter] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2816Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:12:06Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* AY [aj] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngal, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18); ''awngal yom wutsot'' [we eat the meal] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
<br />
'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
== E [ɛ] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
<br />
'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
<br />
'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
<br />
'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
<br />
'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
<br />
'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
<br />
'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
<br />
'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
<br />
'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
<br />
'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).'' ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
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'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
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'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
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== R [ɾ] ==<br />
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'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
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'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
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'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
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'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
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'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
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'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
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'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
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'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
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'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
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'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== S [s] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
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'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
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'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
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'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
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'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
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'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
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'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
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'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
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'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
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'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
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'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
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'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
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'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
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'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
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'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
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'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
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'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
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'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
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'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
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'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
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'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
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'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
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'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
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'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
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'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
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'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
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'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
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'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
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'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
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'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
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'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
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'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
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'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
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'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
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'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
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'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
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'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
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'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
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'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
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'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
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'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
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'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
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'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
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'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
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'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
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'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
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'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
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'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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== T [t] ==<br />
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'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
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'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
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'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
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'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
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'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
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'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
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'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
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'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
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'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
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'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
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'''teng''' [tεŋ] ''(Adj)'' equal, same. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
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'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
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'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
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'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
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'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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== V [v] ==<br />
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'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
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'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
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'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
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'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
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== W [w] ==<br />
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'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
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'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
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'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
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'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
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'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
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'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
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'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
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== Y [j] ==<br />
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'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
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'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
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'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
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'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
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'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
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'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
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'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
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'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
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'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
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'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
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'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
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'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
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'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
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'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2815Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:10:55Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* AW [aw] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
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''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
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ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
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ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
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ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
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<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
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'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
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'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngal, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== Ä [æ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
<br />
'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
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'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
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'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
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'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
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'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
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'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
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'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
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'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
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'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
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'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
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'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
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'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
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'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
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'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
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'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
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'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).'' ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
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'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
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'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
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'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
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'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
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'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
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'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
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'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
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'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
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'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
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'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
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'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
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== R [ɾ] ==<br />
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'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
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'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
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'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
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'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
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'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
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'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
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'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
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'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
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'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
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'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== S [s] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
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'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
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'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
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'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
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'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
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'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
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'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
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'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
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'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
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'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
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'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
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'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
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'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''teng''' [tεŋ] ''(Adj)'' equal, same. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
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'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
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'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2814Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:09:42Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* T [t] */ teng</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
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ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
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'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
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'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
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'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
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'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
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'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
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'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
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== AW [aw] ==<br />
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'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
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'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
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== AY [aj] ==<br />
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'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
<br />
'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
<br />
'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
<br />
'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
<br />
'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
<br />
'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
<br />
'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
<br />
'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
<br />
'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
<br />
'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
<br />
'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
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'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
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'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
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'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
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'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
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'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
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'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
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'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
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'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
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'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
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'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
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'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
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'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
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'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
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'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
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'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
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== O [o] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
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'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
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'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
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'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== P [p] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
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'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
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'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
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'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
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'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).'' ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
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'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
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'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
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'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
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'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
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'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
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'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
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'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
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'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
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'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
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'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
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'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
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'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
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'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
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'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
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'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
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'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
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'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
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'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== S [s] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
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'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
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'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
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'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
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'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
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'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
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'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
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'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
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'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
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'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
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'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
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'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
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'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
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'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
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'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
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'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
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'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
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'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
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'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
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'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
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'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
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'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
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'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
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'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
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'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
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'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
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'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
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'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
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'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
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'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
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'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
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'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
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'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
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'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
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'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
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'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
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'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
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'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
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'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
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'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
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'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
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'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
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'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
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'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
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'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
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'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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== T [t] ==<br />
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'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
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'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
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'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
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'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
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'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''teng''' [tεŋ] ''(Adj)'' equal, same. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
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'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
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'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
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'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
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'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
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'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
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'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
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'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
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'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2813Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:08:23Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* P [p] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
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'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
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'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).'' ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
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'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
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'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
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'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
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'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
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'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
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'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
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'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
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'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
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'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
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'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
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'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
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'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2812Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:07:44Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* L [l] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
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ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
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ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
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'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
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'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
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'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
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'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
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'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
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== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
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== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2811Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:07:19Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* TX [tʼ] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
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'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
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'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
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'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
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'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
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'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
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'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
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'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2810Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:06:50Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* TX [tʼ] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== Ä [æ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
<br />
'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
== E [ɛ] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
<br />
'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
<br />
'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
<br />
'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
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'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
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'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
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'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
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'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
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'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
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'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
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'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
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'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night ''(short plural: ton).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2809Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:05:45Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* T [t] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
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'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
<br />
'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
<br />
'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
<br />
'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
<br />
'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
<br />
'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
<br />
'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
<br />
'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
<br />
'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ton''' ↑ ''txon''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2808Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:04:42Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* N [n] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
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'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
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'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
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'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
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'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
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'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
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'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
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'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
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'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
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'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
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'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
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'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
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'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
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'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
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'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
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'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
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'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
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'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
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'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
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'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
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'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
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'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
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'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
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'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
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'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
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'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
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'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
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'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
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== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
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'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
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'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
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'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2807Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:04:18Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* N [n] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== Ä [æ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
<br />
'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
== E [ɛ] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
<br />
'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
<br />
'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
<br />
'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
<br />
'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
<br />
'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
<br />
'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
<br />
'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
<br />
'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
<br />
'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
<br />
'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
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'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
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'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
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'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
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'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
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'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== S [s] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
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'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
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'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
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'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
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'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
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'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
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'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
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'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
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'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
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'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
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'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
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'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
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'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
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'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
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'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
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'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
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'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
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'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
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'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
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'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
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'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
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'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
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'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
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'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
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'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
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'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
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'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
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'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
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'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
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'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
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'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
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'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
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'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
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'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
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'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
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'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
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'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
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'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
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'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
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'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
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'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
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'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
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'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
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'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
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'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
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'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
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'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
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'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
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'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
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'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
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'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
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'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
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'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
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'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
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'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
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'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
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'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
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'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
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'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
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'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2806Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:03:31Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* N [n] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
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'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
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'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
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'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
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'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
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'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
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'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
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'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
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'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
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'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
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'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
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'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
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'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
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'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
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'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
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'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
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'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
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'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
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'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
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'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
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'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
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'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
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'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
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'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
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'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
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'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
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'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
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'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
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'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
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'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
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'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
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'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
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'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
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== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
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'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
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'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
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== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
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'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
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'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
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'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
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'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
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'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
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'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
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'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
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'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
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'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
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'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
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'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
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'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
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'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
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'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
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'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
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'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
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'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
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'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
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'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
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'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
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'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
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'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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== N [n] ==<br />
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'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
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'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
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'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
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'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
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'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
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'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
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'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
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'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
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'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
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'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
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'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
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'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
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'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
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'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
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'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
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'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
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== O [o] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
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'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
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'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
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'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== P [p] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
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'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
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'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
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'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
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'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
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'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
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'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
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'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
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'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
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'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
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'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
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'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
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'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
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'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
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'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
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'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
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'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
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'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
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== R [ɾ] ==<br />
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'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
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'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
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'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
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'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
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'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
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'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
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'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
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'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
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'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
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'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== S [s] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
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'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
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'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
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'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
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'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
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'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
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'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
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'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
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'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
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'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
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'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
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'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
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'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
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'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
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'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
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'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
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'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
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'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
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'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
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'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
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'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
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'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
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'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
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'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
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'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
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'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
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'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
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'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
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'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
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'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
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'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
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'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
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'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
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'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
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== W [w] ==<br />
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'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
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'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
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'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
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'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
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'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
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'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
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'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
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== Y [j] ==<br />
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'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
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'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
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'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
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'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
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'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2805Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:03:03Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* F [f] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== Ä [æ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
<br />
'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
== E [ɛ] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
<br />
'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
<br />
'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
<br />
'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
<br />
'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
<br />
'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
<br />
'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
<br />
'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
<br />
'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
<br />
'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
<br />
'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
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'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
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'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
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'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
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'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
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'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
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'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
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'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
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'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
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'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
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'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
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'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
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'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
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'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
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'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
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'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
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'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
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'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
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'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
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'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
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'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
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'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
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'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
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'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
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'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
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'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
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'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
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'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
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'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
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'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
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'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
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'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
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'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
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'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
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'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
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'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
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'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
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'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
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'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
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'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
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'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
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'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
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'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
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'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
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'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Template:Corpus_Why_is&diff=2804Template:Corpus Why is2010-03-22T15:02:25Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: Created page with 'Why is'</p>
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<div>[[Corpus#Why is ...|Why is]]</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2803Vocabulary2010-03-22T15:01:32Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* F [f] */ fìtxon</p>
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<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
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''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
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ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
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ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
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ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
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== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
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'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
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'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
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'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
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== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
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'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txon}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼon] ''(Adv)'' tonight. ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] "so passionately" ({{Corpus Why is}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
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'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
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'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
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'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
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'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
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'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
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'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
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'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
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'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
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'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
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'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Corpus&diff=2802Corpus2010-03-22T14:59:33Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* Why is this night ... */</p>
<hr />
<div>This is the canon of known good sentences in [[wikipedia:Na'vi language|Na'vi]] with [[gloss]]es, given out in interviews with [[Paul Frommer|Dr. Frommer]].<br />
<br />
== Text Corpus ==<br />
=== Activist Survival Guide ===<br />
Longer passages of continuous Na'vi text can be found in the book released for the film, [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061896756?ie=UTF8&tag=sebaswolff-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0061896756 ''James Cameron's Avatar: a Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora, an Activist Survival Guide''] HarperCollins Books, 2009.<br />
* Weaving Song, page 41<br />
* Hunting Song, page 99<br />
<br />
=== Science Magazine ===<br />
<br />
From [http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol326/issue5960/r-samples.dtl Science Magazine] (subscription, I'm afraid; retrieved Dec 21 2009). They asked for the word for "science." Frommer replied: <br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''tìftia'''<br />
| '''kifkeyä'''<br />
|-<br />
| <small>NMLZ</small>-study<br />
| world-<small>GEN</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2 | ''the study of the physical world.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Language Log Blog Post ===<br />
<br />
From his Language Log [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 guest blog post] (Dec 19 2009).<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Oeri'''<br />
| '''ta'''<br />
| '''peyä'''<br />
| '''fahew'''<br />
| '''akewong'''<br />
| '''ontu'''<br />
| '''teya'''<br />
| '''längu.'''<br />
|-<br />
| 1-<small>TOP</small><br />
| from<br />
| 3.<small>POSS</small><br />
| smell<br />
| <small>ATTR</small>-alien<br />
| nose<br />
| full<br />
| be-<small>PEJ</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=8 | ''My nose is full of his alien smell.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
In the comments:<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|- <br />
| '''Tewti,'''<br />
| '''ma'''<br />
| '''Prrton!'''<br />
| '''Plltxe'''<br />
| '''nga'''<br />
| '''nìltsan!'''<br />
|-<br />
| wow<br />
| <small>VOC</small><br />
| Prrton<br />
| speak<br />
| you<br />
| well<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=6 | ''Wow, Prrton! You speak well!''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Vanity Fair ===<br />
<br />
[http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html Brushing up on the Language of Avatar] (Dec 1 2009)<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Kaltxì.'''<br />
| '''Ngaru'''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
| '''fpom'''<br />
| '''srak?'''<br />
|-<br />
| Hello<br />
| you-<small>DAT</small><br />
| be<br />
| well-being<br />
| <small>Q</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=5 | ''Hello, how are you?''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Times Online ===<br />
<br />
[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6954138.ece interview] (December 12 2009)<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Tsun'''<br />
| '''oe'''<br />
| '''ngahu'''<br />
| '''nìNa'vi'''<br />
| '''pivängkxo'''<br />
| '''a'''<br />
| '''fì'u'''<br />
| '''oeru'''<br />
| '''prrte' '''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
|-<br />
| able to<br />
| 1<br />
| 2-with<br />
| <small>ADV</small>-Na'vi<br />
| chat-<small>SBJV</small><br />
| that<br />
| this.thing<br />
| 1-<small>DAT</small><br />
| pleasure<br />
| be<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=10 | ''It's a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na'vi.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Fìskxawngìri'''<br />
| '''tsap'alute'''<br />
| '''sengi'''<br />
| '''oe'''<br />
|-<br />
| this-idiot-<small>TOP</small><br />
| apology<br />
| do<?><br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''I apologise for this moron.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Fayvrrtep'''<br />
| '''fìtsenge'''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
| '''kxanì'''<br />
|-<br />
| this-<small>PL</small>-demon<br />
| this-place<br />
| be<br />
| forbidden<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''These demons are forbidden here''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== UGO Movie Blog ===<br />
<br />
[http://movieblog.ugo.com/movies/paul-frommer-interview interview] (Dec 14 2009)<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Oel'''<br />
| '''ngati'''<br />
| '''kameie'''<br />
|-<br />
| 1-<small>A</small><br />
| 2-<small>P</small><br />
| see-<small>LAUD</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=3 | ''I see you.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== From Letter ===<br />
<br />
(Added Dec 22 2009) <br />
<br />
Sent out by Dr. Frommer to his many correspondents interested in the language. He signed off with:<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Kìyevame'''<br />
| '''ulte'''<br />
| '''Eywa'''<br />
| '''ngahu.'''<br />
|-<br />
| goodbye<br />
| and<br />
| Eywa<br />
| 2-with<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''See you again, and may Eywa be with you.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== UGO Movie Blog (Twitter Questions) ===<br />
(Added Dec 23 2009)<br />
<br />
The interviewer at UGO asked for submissions from readers for Dr. Frommer to translate, [http://movieblog.ugo.com/movies/we-translate-your-phrases-into-navi We Translate your Phrases into Na'vi].<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Txo'''<br />
| '''new'''<br />
| '''nga'''<br />
| '''rivey,'''<br />
| '''oehu!'''<br />
|-<br />
| if<br />
| want<br />
| 2<br />
| live-<small>SBJV</small><br />
| 1-with<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=5 | ''Come with me if you want to live.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Tawsìp'''<br />
| '''ngeyä'''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
| '''sngeltseng.'''<br />
|-<br />
| sky-ship<br />
| 2-<small>GEN</small><br />
| be<br />
| garbage-dump<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''Your ship is a garbage scow.'' (''lit "garbage dump"'')<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Ayftxozä'''<br />
| '''Lefpom'''<br />
| '''ta'''<br />
| '''UGO!'''<br />
|-<br />
| <small>PL</small>-holiday<br />
| <small>ADJ</small>-well.being<br />
| from<br />
| UGO<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''Happy Holidays from UGO!'' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Out of Office AutoReply ===<br />
(Added Dec 27 2009)<br />
<br />
The sign-off to an Out of Office AutoReply used by Frommer during semester break.<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Ayftozä [sic!]'''<br />
| '''lefpom'''<br />
| '''ayngaru'''<br />
| '''nìwotx!'''<br />
|-<br />
| <small>PL</small>-holiday<br />
| <small>ADJ</small>-well.being<br />
| <small>PL</small>-2-<small>DAT</small><br />
| <small>ADV</small>-all/complete<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''Happy Holidays to You All!'' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MSNBC ===<br />
(Added Dec 31 2009)<br />
<br />
MSNBC Cosmic Log [http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/12/30/2163435.aspx interview].<br />
<br />
: '''Neytiri herahaw.'''<br />
: ''Neytiri is sleeping.''<br />
<br />
: '''Neytiril yerikit tolaron.'''<br />
: ''Neytiri hunted a hexapede.''<br />
<br />
=== Behind the Scenes ===<br />
(Added Jan 17 2010)<br />
<br />
From a Fox-authorized video on YouTube, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11DLOVLj8xo Avatar The Movie James Cameron Avatar The Movie Behind The Scenes Making The Movie 2]. There's a brief video close-up of some of Jake's Na'vi dialog, "Na'vi Dialog for Jake - 3-13-2007." The stress accent is marked with the underline. See also [http://i46.tinypic.com/29ekdqr.png this still-frame image] from the video. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/vocab-phrases/behind-the-scenes-navi-dialog-for-jake/msg37036/#msg37036 this forum thread] for discussion. Since the dialog is Jake's, there is some concern the sentences may not be perfectly grammatical.<br />
<br />
: '''Oel <u>nga</u>ti kameie, ma <u>Tsmu</u>kan, ulte <u>nga</u>ru seiyi i<u>re</u>iyo. <u>Nga</u>ri hu Eywa sa<u>le</u>u ti<u>re</u>a, <u>tokx</u> 'ì<u>'awn</u> slu <u>Na'</u>viyä ha<u>pxì.</u>'''<br />
: ''I See you Brother, and thank you. Your spirit goes with Eywa, your body stays behind to become part of the People.''<br />
<br />
: '''Sìf<u>me</u>tokit emzo<u>la</u>'u <u>o</u>hel. Ä<u>txä</u>le si tsnì li<u>vu</u> o<u>he</u>ru <u>U</u>nil<u>ta</u>ron.'''<br />
: ''I have passed the tests. I respectfully request the Dream Hunt.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ma <u>Ey</u>tukan, lu <u>oe</u>ru ay<u>lì'</u>u <u>fra</u>por. Ay<u>lì'</u>u na ay<u>skxe</u> mì te'<u>lan</u>.'''<br />
: ''Eytukan, I have something to say, to everyone. The words are like stones in my heart.''<br />
<br />
: '''Eo ay<u>oeng</u> lu <u>txa</u>na tì<u>kawng</u>. <u>Saw</u>tute ze<u>ra</u>'u fte fol <u>Kel</u>utralti skiva<u>'a</u>. Pì<u>yä</u>hem fì<u>tseng</u> <u>ye'</u>rìn.'''<br />
: ''A great evil is upon us. The Sky People are coming to destroy Hometree. They will be here soon.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ay<u>nga</u>ri zene hi<u>vum</u>, <u>tx[o</u>?...] ...''' (rest of line obscured)<br />
: ''You have to leave, or you will die.'' (printed in script)<br />
: ''You must leave, or [...]'' (handwritten above Na'vi text, partially obscured)<br />
<br />
: '''Ma Tsu'<u>tey</u> te <u>Ro</u>...<br />
: ''Tsu'tey of the Rongloa, son of [...]<br />
: ''Oh'' (handwritten above ''Ma'')<br />
<br />
: '''<u>Na'</u>viru [...]<br />
: ''to the people'' [...] (handwritten)<br />
<br />
Note: the syllabification of ''sìfmetokit'' and ''emzola'u'' are apparently incorrect. <br />
<br />
Note: the syllabification of ''Kelutralti'' suggests either morphology is preserved, or it is an error.<br />
<br />
=== A Message From Paul ===<br />
(January 20, 2010)<br />
<br />
On January 20, Paul Frommer sent a message to the Na'vi language community expressing his appreciation for the love we have shown for the language and assuring us he will provide us with guidance when he is able to. The message was sent as Na'vi text, English text, and spoken Na'vi audio - spoken by Frommer himself. The message can be [http://masempul.org/upxare-niinglisi/ read and heard in its entirety] at the site [http://masempul.org masempul.org]. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/news-announcements/a-response-from-paul-frommer!/ the announcement thread on the Learn Na'vi forum]. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/language-update-a-closer-look-at-dr-frommers-letter/ this forum thread] for linguistic analysis of the message's contents using a marked-up version also provided by Frommer. For more analysis, see [[A Message From Paul]]. Stress marked below with underlines as per Frommer's mark-up.<br />
<br />
: '''Ay<u>ey</u>lanur <u>oe</u>yä sì <u>ey</u>lanur <u>lì'</u>fyayä leNa'vi nì<u>wotx</u>:<br />
: ''To all my friends and friends of the Na'vi language:<br />
<br />
: '''Oel ay<u>nga</u>ti <u>ka</u>meie, ma <u>oe</u>yä <u>ey</u>lan, <u>u</u>lte ay<u>nga</u>ru sei<u>yi</u> i<u>ra</u>yo. Fpo<u>le'</u> ay<u>ngal</u> oer fì<u>txan</u> nì<u>ftxa</u>vang a 'u<u>pxa</u>ret stol<u>awm</u> oel. <u>Lì'</u>fyari le<u>Na'</u>vi oel <u>'e</u>fu ay<u>nge</u>yä tì<u>yawn</u>it. <u>Ul</u>te o<u>mum</u> oel <u>fu</u>ta tìfyawìn<u>txu</u>ri <u>oe</u>yä pe<u>rey</u> ay<u>nga</u> nì<u>wotx</u>.<br />
: ''I See you, my friends, and I thank you. I have heard the message you have sent me so passionately. I feel your love for the Na'vi language. And I know you are all waiting for my guidance.<br />
<br />
: '''Spi<u>vaw</u> <u>oe</u>ti ru<u>txe</u>, ma <u>oe</u>yä <u>ey</u>lan: <u>o</u>e new nì<u>txan</u> ay<u>nga</u>ru fyawivìn<u>txu</u>. Slä nìaw<u>no</u>mum, <u>ze</u>ne <u>o</u>e 'awsit<u>eng</u> tì<u>kang</u>kem si<u>vi</u> <u>fo</u>hu a Uniltì<u>ran</u>tokxit sì kif<u>key</u>it Eywa<u>'e</u>vengä zamo<u>lu</u>nge aw<u>ngar</u>. Foru 'u<u>pxa</u>ret oel fpo<u>le'</u>, slä vay set ke pa<u>mä</u>hängem <u>ke</u>a tì'<u>eyng</u>. Nìay<u>nga</u> <u>o</u>e pe<u>rey</u> nì<u>teng</u>.<br />
: ''Please believe me, my friends. I want very much to guide you. But as you know, I must work together with those who have brought us “Avatar” and the world of Pandora. I have sent them a message, but up to now no answer has arrived. Like you, I too am waiting.<br />
<br />
: '''Tì<u>'eyng</u>it oel to<u>lel</u> a krr, ay<u>nga</u>ru pa<u>yeng</u>, tsa<u>krr</u> pa<u>ye'</u>un <u>swey</u>a <u>fya'</u>ot a zami<u>vu</u>nge oel ayngar ay<u>lì'</u>ut ho<u>ren</u>tisì <u>lì'</u>fyayä le<u>Na'</u>vi.<br />
: ''When I receive an answer, I will let you know, and I will then decide the best way to bring you the words and rules of Na'vi.<br />
<br />
: '''Sìl<u>pey</u> <u>o</u>e, la<u>yu</u> <u>oe</u>ru <u>ye'</u>rìn sìltsana fmawn a tsun oe ay<u>nga</u>ru ti<u>vìng</u>.<br />
: ''I hope I will soon have good news to give you.<br />
<br />
: '''Ay<u>lì'</u>ufa awngeyä <u>'ey</u>lanä a<u>'e</u>wan <u>Mar</u>kusì ta <u>Ngal</u>wey . . . 'I<u>vong</u> <u>Na'</u>vi!<br />
: ''In the words of our young friend Markus from Galway . . . Let Na'vi bloom!<br />
<br />
: '''Kìye<u>va</u>me <u>ul</u>te <u>Ey</u>wa <u>nga</u>hu.<br />
: ''Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you.<br />
<br />
: '''Ta <u>'ey</u>lan <u>kar</u>yusì ay<u>nge</u>yä, Pawl.<br />
: ''Your friend and teacher, Paul.<br />
<br />
=== Correspondence with Taronyu ===<br />
(January 25, 2010)<br><br />
See also [[Canon#Pronunciation_of_a.2C_Transitivity.2C_Monosyllabic_Stress.2C_Verb_Phrases_as_Objects.2C_s.C3.A4-_Prefix|full text of correspondence]].<br />
<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä.'''<br />
:''I can go.''<br />
<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä.'''<br />
:''I must go.''<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (= fì'ut a) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä.'''<br />
:''I want Taronyu to go.''<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new pivlltxe'''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa pivlltxe'''<br />
<br />
:'''nume'''<br />
:''learn''<br />
<br />
:'''sänume'''<br />
:''teaching, instruction''<br />
:"With nume, though, you can learn by other means than teaching: from experience, from trial and error, etc. So should sänume refer to any means whatsoever of learning something? I'm not sure yet."<br />
<br />
:'''mun'i'''<br />
:''the verb "cut"'' <br />
<br />
:'''Oe new pivlltxe nìNa'vi mì oeyä letrra tìrey'''<br />
<br />
:'''slä oe tsun pivey'''<br />
<br />
:'''trrit a ngal tayìng''' (or, hopefully, '''tìyìng''') '''ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul.'''<br />
<br />
:'''Kxeyeyri tsap'alute sengi oe.'''<br />
<br />
:'''kxeyey'''<br />
:''mistake, error''<br />
<br />
=== Lemondrop.com ===<br />
(January 26, 2010)<br />
<br />
Calling All 'Avatar' Lovers -- Pick-Up Lines and How to Talk Dirty in Na'vi [http://www.lemondrop.com/2010/01/26/avatar-pick-up-lines-talk-dirty-in-Navi/ article].<br />
<br />
: '''Nga za'u fìtseng pxìm srak?'''<br />
: ''Do you come here often?''<br />
<br />
: '''Oeyä ikran slivu nga, tsakrr oeng 'awsiteng mivakto.'''<br />
: ''Be my ikran and let's ride together.''<br />
<br />
:'''Pxasìk'''<br />
: ''Screw it! No way!''<br />
<br />
: '''Oel ngati kameie.'''<br />
: ''I see you.''<br />
<br />
: '''Nga yawne lu oer.'''<br />
: ''I love you.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo äo Utral Aymokriyä.'''<br />
: ''There's nobody I'd rather commune with under the Tree of Voices.''<br />
<br />
=== Good Morning America ===<br />
(February 26, 2010). In preparation for a ''Good Morning, America'' (a morning TV show in the U.S.) piece about LearnNavi.org, Frommer prepared a few statements for forum members to use and study together on camera. [[User:Prrton|Prrton]] produced a PDF with the text mixed with notes [http://forum.learnnavi.org/mgallery/?sa=item;id=56]. Here are (most of) the sentences with Frommer's translations. <br />
<br />
: '''<u>Trr</u> Le<u>fpom</u> (Ay<u>ngar</u>), ma <u>Su</u>te A<u>me</u>rikayä!'''<br />
: ''(May) you (have) a happy day, O People of America!''<br />
<br />
: '''Trr Lefpom, ma Amerika!'''<br />
: ''Happy day (to you), O America!''<br />
<br />
: '''Ko<u>ren</u> a<u>’Aw</u>ve tìRu<u>sey</u>ä ’Awsi<u>teng</u>'''<br />
: ''The First Rule for Living Together''<br />
<br />
: '''<u>Kem</u>(ì)ri a <u>nga</u>ru <u>prr</u>te' ke lu, <u>Tsa</u>kem rä<u>’ä</u> si<u>vi</u> ay<u>la</u>heru.'''<br />
: ''As for (an/any) action that you don’t like, don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others.''<br />
<br />
: '''Hem ngeyä <u>zen</u>ke <u>fko</u>ru livu, <u>Tsa</u>hem a <u>nga</u>ru <u>prr</u>te’ ke lu.'''<br />
: ''Your actions must not be to others, those actions that you don’t like.''<br />
<br />
: '''<u>Lì’</u>fyari le<u>Na’</u>vi <u>’Rr</u>tamì, vay <u>set</u> ’al<u>mong</u> a <u>fra</u>’u ze<u>ra</u>’u ta <u>ngrr</u>pongu.'''<br />
: ''Everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na’vi until now on Earth has come from a grassroots movement.''<br />
<br />
: '''Maw <u>hì</u>krr a<u>yo</u>e tìyä<u>txaw</u>.'''<br />
: ''We’ll be right back after this break.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ne<u>to</u> rä<u>’ä</u> ki<u>vä</u>!'''<br />
: ''Don’t go away.''<br />
<br />
=== Why is this night ... ===<br />
(March 22, 2010)<br />
<br />
Dr. Frommer's translation of "The Four Questions" [http://whyisthisnight.com/addl-more.html#na%27vi]<br />
<br />
: ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?''<br />
: this-night like nights other all why not is same<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom hametsìt, yom matsat, ke tsranten; fìtxon yom matsat nì'aw.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat hametz eat matzah not matter; this-night eat matzah only<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom fkxenti lerìk nìwotx; fìtxon yom sat a lu syä'ä nì'aw.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat vegetable-food leafy all; this-night eat those that are bitter only<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awnga ke yemfpay si keng 'awlo; fìtxon yemfpay si melo.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we not dipping do even once; this-night dipping do twice<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom wutsot tengkrr hereyn nìpxim, tengkrr teruvon, ke tsranten; fìtxon yom tengkrr teruvon.<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat meal while sitting erect, while leaning, not matter; this-night eat while leaning<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom wutsot nìfya'o letrrtrr; fìtxon yom nì'eoio.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat meal in-manner ordinary; this-night eat ceremoniously<br />
<br />
== Audio Corpus ==<br />
<br />
Audio and video recordings (interviews, sound clips, etc) of Dr. Frommer speaking Na'vi can be considered canonical, although in most cases we do not have canonical transcriptions, and in some cases we can't even be sure we know what he's saying. Any analysis of the Na'vi language based on non-transcripted audio is even more speculative than usual. On the other hand, Frommer's recordings are the best canonical examples of correct pronunciation we have and may provide clues about stress patterns, intonation, and other phonetic nuances above and beyond the IPA given in his Language Log post.<br />
<br />
In some cases, clips containing just Frommer's spoken Na'vi are available (including both normal speed and slowed-down versions), either as [http://www.archive.org/compress/FrommerSpokenNavi a zipfile of the entire collection] or via [http://www.archive.org/details/FrommerSpokenNavi a webpage listing the individual clips]. See [http://forum.learnnavi.org/audio/the-audio-corpus/ this forum thread] for more information.<br />
<br />
Note the following:<br />
* The sound quality of some clips is rather poor, making them unreliable for pronunciation guidance.<br />
* In some clips, people such as James Cameron and Zoe Saldana speak some Na'vi. Their pronunciations may not be as reliable as Frommer's.<br />
* In some cases, we have canonical transcriptions of the spoken phrases available from other sources.<br />
<br />
=== Vanity Fair ===<br />
[http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html Vanity Fair interview] - audio clip is partway down the page. Note that the Na'vi transcription appears to be accurate, hence was probably supplied by Frommer, and hence is canonical.<br />
* '''Kaltxì. Ngaru lu fpom srak?''' "Hello. How are you?" (literally: "Are you well?") ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/KaltxNgaruLuFpomSrak.mp3 clip])<br />
<br />
=== New York Times ===<br />
[http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/audio/magazine/20091129_LANGUAGE/navi2.mp3 New York Times article audio clip] - transcription not from canon source<br />
* '''Oel hu Txewì trram na'rìngit tarmok, tsole'a syeptutet atsawl frato mì sìrey.''' "Yesterday I was with Txewì in the forest and we saw the biggest Trapper <nowiki>[type of carnivorous plant]</nowiki> I've ever seen."<br />
* '''Lu fo lehrrap. Tsun tutet spivang ko.''' "Those things are dangerous. They can kill a person, you know."<br />
* '''Oel omum. Nari si ayoe fteke nìhawng livok.''' "I know. We were careful not to get too close."<br />
<br />
=== BBC Radio ===<br />
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8409000/8409390.stm BBC Radio interview] - note: poor audio quality<br />
* 2:30 '''Oel ngati kameie.''' "I See you."<br />
* 3:15 From the Activist Survival Guide, a portion of The Hunt Song: "You are fast and strong; you are wise. I must be fast and strong, so only if I'm worthy of you will you feed the people. Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the truth strike my heart, let my heart be true."<br />
* 4:02 "Your alien smell fills my nose."<br />
<br />
=== NPR ===<br />
[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121350582 National Public Radio interview]<br />
* 0:29 Clip from the movie - Moat speaks to the Na'vi?<br />
* 1:09 "Hello, Renee. I See you. Are you well? It's a pleasure to be able to chat with you." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/KaltxMaRenee...mp3 clip])<br />
* 1:24 "I See you." (short form) ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/KameNgat.mp3 clip])<br />
* 2:16 "My big blue butt."<br />
<br />
=== ABC News Nightline ===<br />
[http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=9369560 ABC News Nightline segment]<br />
* 1:02 James Cameron: "I was going to kill him, but there was a sign from Eywa." <!-- link temporarily disabled, Ftiafpi will soon create a new archive with clips Cameron and actors ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/IWasGoingToKillHimButThereWasASignFromEywa.mp3 clip]) --><br />
* Paul Frommer:<br />
** 2:44 '''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì.''' "These demons are forbidden here." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/FayvrrtepFtsengeLuKxan.mp3 clip])<br />
** 3:55 '''Tsun oe ngahu pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu.''' "It's a pleasure to be able to chat with you." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/TsunOeNgahuPivngkxoAFuOeruPrrteLu.mp3 clip])<br />
* 4:08 Zoe Saldana: "Please forgive me brother, may you go to the grandmother, may the grandmother take you."<br />
* 4:23 Sigourney Weaver: '''Skxawng''' "Moron"<br />
<br />
=== PBS Radio ===<br />
[http://www.pbs.org/newshour/art/blog/2009/12/usc-prof-says-youre-speaking-my-language.html PBS Newshour interview] - note: poor audio quality<br />
* 1:13 "Metal"<br />
* 2:16 "Hello Annie, I See you."<br />
<br />
=== Southern California Public Radio ===<br />
[http://www.scpr.org/programs/patt-morrison/2009/12/22/the-language-of-avatar/ Southern California Public Radio interview]<br />
* 1:18 '''Kaltxì.''' "Hello." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/Kaltx.mp3 clip])<br />
* 10:45 and 11:02 '''meoauniaea''' (one of Frommer's favorite Na'vi words - English meaning not yet defined) (transcription source: Language Log post) ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/Meoauniaea.mp3 clip])<br />
* 13:10 '''Kìyevame''' "See you again" ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/Kyevame.mp3 clip])<br />
* 13:33 '''Eywa ngahu.''' "Eywa be with you." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/EywaNgahu.mp3 clip])</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Corpus&diff=2801Corpus2010-03-22T14:58:37Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: </p>
<hr />
<div>This is the canon of known good sentences in [[wikipedia:Na'vi language|Na'vi]] with [[gloss]]es, given out in interviews with [[Paul Frommer|Dr. Frommer]].<br />
<br />
== Text Corpus ==<br />
=== Activist Survival Guide ===<br />
Longer passages of continuous Na'vi text can be found in the book released for the film, [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061896756?ie=UTF8&tag=sebaswolff-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0061896756 ''James Cameron's Avatar: a Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora, an Activist Survival Guide''] HarperCollins Books, 2009.<br />
* Weaving Song, page 41<br />
* Hunting Song, page 99<br />
<br />
=== Science Magazine ===<br />
<br />
From [http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol326/issue5960/r-samples.dtl Science Magazine] (subscription, I'm afraid; retrieved Dec 21 2009). They asked for the word for "science." Frommer replied: <br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''tìftia'''<br />
| '''kifkeyä'''<br />
|-<br />
| <small>NMLZ</small>-study<br />
| world-<small>GEN</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2 | ''the study of the physical world.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Language Log Blog Post ===<br />
<br />
From his Language Log [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 guest blog post] (Dec 19 2009).<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Oeri'''<br />
| '''ta'''<br />
| '''peyä'''<br />
| '''fahew'''<br />
| '''akewong'''<br />
| '''ontu'''<br />
| '''teya'''<br />
| '''längu.'''<br />
|-<br />
| 1-<small>TOP</small><br />
| from<br />
| 3.<small>POSS</small><br />
| smell<br />
| <small>ATTR</small>-alien<br />
| nose<br />
| full<br />
| be-<small>PEJ</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=8 | ''My nose is full of his alien smell.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
In the comments:<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|- <br />
| '''Tewti,'''<br />
| '''ma'''<br />
| '''Prrton!'''<br />
| '''Plltxe'''<br />
| '''nga'''<br />
| '''nìltsan!'''<br />
|-<br />
| wow<br />
| <small>VOC</small><br />
| Prrton<br />
| speak<br />
| you<br />
| well<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=6 | ''Wow, Prrton! You speak well!''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Vanity Fair ===<br />
<br />
[http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html Brushing up on the Language of Avatar] (Dec 1 2009)<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Kaltxì.'''<br />
| '''Ngaru'''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
| '''fpom'''<br />
| '''srak?'''<br />
|-<br />
| Hello<br />
| you-<small>DAT</small><br />
| be<br />
| well-being<br />
| <small>Q</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=5 | ''Hello, how are you?''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Times Online ===<br />
<br />
[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6954138.ece interview] (December 12 2009)<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Tsun'''<br />
| '''oe'''<br />
| '''ngahu'''<br />
| '''nìNa'vi'''<br />
| '''pivängkxo'''<br />
| '''a'''<br />
| '''fì'u'''<br />
| '''oeru'''<br />
| '''prrte' '''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
|-<br />
| able to<br />
| 1<br />
| 2-with<br />
| <small>ADV</small>-Na'vi<br />
| chat-<small>SBJV</small><br />
| that<br />
| this.thing<br />
| 1-<small>DAT</small><br />
| pleasure<br />
| be<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=10 | ''It's a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na'vi.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Fìskxawngìri'''<br />
| '''tsap'alute'''<br />
| '''sengi'''<br />
| '''oe'''<br />
|-<br />
| this-idiot-<small>TOP</small><br />
| apology<br />
| do<?><br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''I apologise for this moron.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Fayvrrtep'''<br />
| '''fìtsenge'''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
| '''kxanì'''<br />
|-<br />
| this-<small>PL</small>-demon<br />
| this-place<br />
| be<br />
| forbidden<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''These demons are forbidden here''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== UGO Movie Blog ===<br />
<br />
[http://movieblog.ugo.com/movies/paul-frommer-interview interview] (Dec 14 2009)<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Oel'''<br />
| '''ngati'''<br />
| '''kameie'''<br />
|-<br />
| 1-<small>A</small><br />
| 2-<small>P</small><br />
| see-<small>LAUD</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=3 | ''I see you.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== From Letter ===<br />
<br />
(Added Dec 22 2009) <br />
<br />
Sent out by Dr. Frommer to his many correspondents interested in the language. He signed off with:<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Kìyevame'''<br />
| '''ulte'''<br />
| '''Eywa'''<br />
| '''ngahu.'''<br />
|-<br />
| goodbye<br />
| and<br />
| Eywa<br />
| 2-with<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''See you again, and may Eywa be with you.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== UGO Movie Blog (Twitter Questions) ===<br />
(Added Dec 23 2009)<br />
<br />
The interviewer at UGO asked for submissions from readers for Dr. Frommer to translate, [http://movieblog.ugo.com/movies/we-translate-your-phrases-into-navi We Translate your Phrases into Na'vi].<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Txo'''<br />
| '''new'''<br />
| '''nga'''<br />
| '''rivey,'''<br />
| '''oehu!'''<br />
|-<br />
| if<br />
| want<br />
| 2<br />
| live-<small>SBJV</small><br />
| 1-with<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=5 | ''Come with me if you want to live.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Tawsìp'''<br />
| '''ngeyä'''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
| '''sngeltseng.'''<br />
|-<br />
| sky-ship<br />
| 2-<small>GEN</small><br />
| be<br />
| garbage-dump<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''Your ship is a garbage scow.'' (''lit "garbage dump"'')<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Ayftxozä'''<br />
| '''Lefpom'''<br />
| '''ta'''<br />
| '''UGO!'''<br />
|-<br />
| <small>PL</small>-holiday<br />
| <small>ADJ</small>-well.being<br />
| from<br />
| UGO<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''Happy Holidays from UGO!'' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Out of Office AutoReply ===<br />
(Added Dec 27 2009)<br />
<br />
The sign-off to an Out of Office AutoReply used by Frommer during semester break.<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Ayftozä [sic!]'''<br />
| '''lefpom'''<br />
| '''ayngaru'''<br />
| '''nìwotx!'''<br />
|-<br />
| <small>PL</small>-holiday<br />
| <small>ADJ</small>-well.being<br />
| <small>PL</small>-2-<small>DAT</small><br />
| <small>ADV</small>-all/complete<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''Happy Holidays to You All!'' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MSNBC ===<br />
(Added Dec 31 2009)<br />
<br />
MSNBC Cosmic Log [http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/12/30/2163435.aspx interview].<br />
<br />
: '''Neytiri herahaw.'''<br />
: ''Neytiri is sleeping.''<br />
<br />
: '''Neytiril yerikit tolaron.'''<br />
: ''Neytiri hunted a hexapede.''<br />
<br />
=== Behind the Scenes ===<br />
(Added Jan 17 2010)<br />
<br />
From a Fox-authorized video on YouTube, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11DLOVLj8xo Avatar The Movie James Cameron Avatar The Movie Behind The Scenes Making The Movie 2]. There's a brief video close-up of some of Jake's Na'vi dialog, "Na'vi Dialog for Jake - 3-13-2007." The stress accent is marked with the underline. See also [http://i46.tinypic.com/29ekdqr.png this still-frame image] from the video. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/vocab-phrases/behind-the-scenes-navi-dialog-for-jake/msg37036/#msg37036 this forum thread] for discussion. Since the dialog is Jake's, there is some concern the sentences may not be perfectly grammatical.<br />
<br />
: '''Oel <u>nga</u>ti kameie, ma <u>Tsmu</u>kan, ulte <u>nga</u>ru seiyi i<u>re</u>iyo. <u>Nga</u>ri hu Eywa sa<u>le</u>u ti<u>re</u>a, <u>tokx</u> 'ì<u>'awn</u> slu <u>Na'</u>viyä ha<u>pxì.</u>'''<br />
: ''I See you Brother, and thank you. Your spirit goes with Eywa, your body stays behind to become part of the People.''<br />
<br />
: '''Sìf<u>me</u>tokit emzo<u>la</u>'u <u>o</u>hel. Ä<u>txä</u>le si tsnì li<u>vu</u> o<u>he</u>ru <u>U</u>nil<u>ta</u>ron.'''<br />
: ''I have passed the tests. I respectfully request the Dream Hunt.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ma <u>Ey</u>tukan, lu <u>oe</u>ru ay<u>lì'</u>u <u>fra</u>por. Ay<u>lì'</u>u na ay<u>skxe</u> mì te'<u>lan</u>.'''<br />
: ''Eytukan, I have something to say, to everyone. The words are like stones in my heart.''<br />
<br />
: '''Eo ay<u>oeng</u> lu <u>txa</u>na tì<u>kawng</u>. <u>Saw</u>tute ze<u>ra</u>'u fte fol <u>Kel</u>utralti skiva<u>'a</u>. Pì<u>yä</u>hem fì<u>tseng</u> <u>ye'</u>rìn.'''<br />
: ''A great evil is upon us. The Sky People are coming to destroy Hometree. They will be here soon.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ay<u>nga</u>ri zene hi<u>vum</u>, <u>tx[o</u>?...] ...''' (rest of line obscured)<br />
: ''You have to leave, or you will die.'' (printed in script)<br />
: ''You must leave, or [...]'' (handwritten above Na'vi text, partially obscured)<br />
<br />
: '''Ma Tsu'<u>tey</u> te <u>Ro</u>...<br />
: ''Tsu'tey of the Rongloa, son of [...]<br />
: ''Oh'' (handwritten above ''Ma'')<br />
<br />
: '''<u>Na'</u>viru [...]<br />
: ''to the people'' [...] (handwritten)<br />
<br />
Note: the syllabification of ''sìfmetokit'' and ''emzola'u'' are apparently incorrect. <br />
<br />
Note: the syllabification of ''Kelutralti'' suggests either morphology is preserved, or it is an error.<br />
<br />
=== A Message From Paul ===<br />
(January 20, 2010)<br />
<br />
On January 20, Paul Frommer sent a message to the Na'vi language community expressing his appreciation for the love we have shown for the language and assuring us he will provide us with guidance when he is able to. The message was sent as Na'vi text, English text, and spoken Na'vi audio - spoken by Frommer himself. The message can be [http://masempul.org/upxare-niinglisi/ read and heard in its entirety] at the site [http://masempul.org masempul.org]. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/news-announcements/a-response-from-paul-frommer!/ the announcement thread on the Learn Na'vi forum]. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/language-update-a-closer-look-at-dr-frommers-letter/ this forum thread] for linguistic analysis of the message's contents using a marked-up version also provided by Frommer. For more analysis, see [[A Message From Paul]]. Stress marked below with underlines as per Frommer's mark-up.<br />
<br />
: '''Ay<u>ey</u>lanur <u>oe</u>yä sì <u>ey</u>lanur <u>lì'</u>fyayä leNa'vi nì<u>wotx</u>:<br />
: ''To all my friends and friends of the Na'vi language:<br />
<br />
: '''Oel ay<u>nga</u>ti <u>ka</u>meie, ma <u>oe</u>yä <u>ey</u>lan, <u>u</u>lte ay<u>nga</u>ru sei<u>yi</u> i<u>ra</u>yo. Fpo<u>le'</u> ay<u>ngal</u> oer fì<u>txan</u> nì<u>ftxa</u>vang a 'u<u>pxa</u>ret stol<u>awm</u> oel. <u>Lì'</u>fyari le<u>Na'</u>vi oel <u>'e</u>fu ay<u>nge</u>yä tì<u>yawn</u>it. <u>Ul</u>te o<u>mum</u> oel <u>fu</u>ta tìfyawìn<u>txu</u>ri <u>oe</u>yä pe<u>rey</u> ay<u>nga</u> nì<u>wotx</u>.<br />
: ''I See you, my friends, and I thank you. I have heard the message you have sent me so passionately. I feel your love for the Na'vi language. And I know you are all waiting for my guidance.<br />
<br />
: '''Spi<u>vaw</u> <u>oe</u>ti ru<u>txe</u>, ma <u>oe</u>yä <u>ey</u>lan: <u>o</u>e new nì<u>txan</u> ay<u>nga</u>ru fyawivìn<u>txu</u>. Slä nìaw<u>no</u>mum, <u>ze</u>ne <u>o</u>e 'awsit<u>eng</u> tì<u>kang</u>kem si<u>vi</u> <u>fo</u>hu a Uniltì<u>ran</u>tokxit sì kif<u>key</u>it Eywa<u>'e</u>vengä zamo<u>lu</u>nge aw<u>ngar</u>. Foru 'u<u>pxa</u>ret oel fpo<u>le'</u>, slä vay set ke pa<u>mä</u>hängem <u>ke</u>a tì'<u>eyng</u>. Nìay<u>nga</u> <u>o</u>e pe<u>rey</u> nì<u>teng</u>.<br />
: ''Please believe me, my friends. I want very much to guide you. But as you know, I must work together with those who have brought us “Avatar” and the world of Pandora. I have sent them a message, but up to now no answer has arrived. Like you, I too am waiting.<br />
<br />
: '''Tì<u>'eyng</u>it oel to<u>lel</u> a krr, ay<u>nga</u>ru pa<u>yeng</u>, tsa<u>krr</u> pa<u>ye'</u>un <u>swey</u>a <u>fya'</u>ot a zami<u>vu</u>nge oel ayngar ay<u>lì'</u>ut ho<u>ren</u>tisì <u>lì'</u>fyayä le<u>Na'</u>vi.<br />
: ''When I receive an answer, I will let you know, and I will then decide the best way to bring you the words and rules of Na'vi.<br />
<br />
: '''Sìl<u>pey</u> <u>o</u>e, la<u>yu</u> <u>oe</u>ru <u>ye'</u>rìn sìltsana fmawn a tsun oe ay<u>nga</u>ru ti<u>vìng</u>.<br />
: ''I hope I will soon have good news to give you.<br />
<br />
: '''Ay<u>lì'</u>ufa awngeyä <u>'ey</u>lanä a<u>'e</u>wan <u>Mar</u>kusì ta <u>Ngal</u>wey . . . 'I<u>vong</u> <u>Na'</u>vi!<br />
: ''In the words of our young friend Markus from Galway . . . Let Na'vi bloom!<br />
<br />
: '''Kìye<u>va</u>me <u>ul</u>te <u>Ey</u>wa <u>nga</u>hu.<br />
: ''Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you.<br />
<br />
: '''Ta <u>'ey</u>lan <u>kar</u>yusì ay<u>nge</u>yä, Pawl.<br />
: ''Your friend and teacher, Paul.<br />
<br />
=== Correspondence with Taronyu ===<br />
(January 25, 2010)<br><br />
See also [[Canon#Pronunciation_of_a.2C_Transitivity.2C_Monosyllabic_Stress.2C_Verb_Phrases_as_Objects.2C_s.C3.A4-_Prefix|full text of correspondence]].<br />
<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä.'''<br />
:''I can go.''<br />
<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä.'''<br />
:''I must go.''<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (= fì'ut a) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä.'''<br />
:''I want Taronyu to go.''<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new pivlltxe'''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa pivlltxe'''<br />
<br />
:'''nume'''<br />
:''learn''<br />
<br />
:'''sänume'''<br />
:''teaching, instruction''<br />
:"With nume, though, you can learn by other means than teaching: from experience, from trial and error, etc. So should sänume refer to any means whatsoever of learning something? I'm not sure yet."<br />
<br />
:'''mun'i'''<br />
:''the verb "cut"'' <br />
<br />
:'''Oe new pivlltxe nìNa'vi mì oeyä letrra tìrey'''<br />
<br />
:'''slä oe tsun pivey'''<br />
<br />
:'''trrit a ngal tayìng''' (or, hopefully, '''tìyìng''') '''ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul.'''<br />
<br />
:'''Kxeyeyri tsap'alute sengi oe.'''<br />
<br />
:'''kxeyey'''<br />
:''mistake, error''<br />
<br />
=== Lemondrop.com ===<br />
(January 26, 2010)<br />
<br />
Calling All 'Avatar' Lovers -- Pick-Up Lines and How to Talk Dirty in Na'vi [http://www.lemondrop.com/2010/01/26/avatar-pick-up-lines-talk-dirty-in-Navi/ article].<br />
<br />
: '''Nga za'u fìtseng pxìm srak?'''<br />
: ''Do you come here often?''<br />
<br />
: '''Oeyä ikran slivu nga, tsakrr oeng 'awsiteng mivakto.'''<br />
: ''Be my ikran and let's ride together.''<br />
<br />
:'''Pxasìk'''<br />
: ''Screw it! No way!''<br />
<br />
: '''Oel ngati kameie.'''<br />
: ''I see you.''<br />
<br />
: '''Nga yawne lu oer.'''<br />
: ''I love you.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo äo Utral Aymokriyä.'''<br />
: ''There's nobody I'd rather commune with under the Tree of Voices.''<br />
<br />
=== Good Morning America ===<br />
(February 26, 2010). In preparation for a ''Good Morning, America'' (a morning TV show in the U.S.) piece about LearnNavi.org, Frommer prepared a few statements for forum members to use and study together on camera. [[User:Prrton|Prrton]] produced a PDF with the text mixed with notes [http://forum.learnnavi.org/mgallery/?sa=item;id=56]. Here are (most of) the sentences with Frommer's translations. <br />
<br />
: '''<u>Trr</u> Le<u>fpom</u> (Ay<u>ngar</u>), ma <u>Su</u>te A<u>me</u>rikayä!'''<br />
: ''(May) you (have) a happy day, O People of America!''<br />
<br />
: '''Trr Lefpom, ma Amerika!'''<br />
: ''Happy day (to you), O America!''<br />
<br />
: '''Ko<u>ren</u> a<u>’Aw</u>ve tìRu<u>sey</u>ä ’Awsi<u>teng</u>'''<br />
: ''The First Rule for Living Together''<br />
<br />
: '''<u>Kem</u>(ì)ri a <u>nga</u>ru <u>prr</u>te' ke lu, <u>Tsa</u>kem rä<u>’ä</u> si<u>vi</u> ay<u>la</u>heru.'''<br />
: ''As for (an/any) action that you don’t like, don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others.''<br />
<br />
: '''Hem ngeyä <u>zen</u>ke <u>fko</u>ru livu, <u>Tsa</u>hem a <u>nga</u>ru <u>prr</u>te’ ke lu.'''<br />
: ''Your actions must not be to others, those actions that you don’t like.''<br />
<br />
: '''<u>Lì’</u>fyari le<u>Na’</u>vi <u>’Rr</u>tamì, vay <u>set</u> ’al<u>mong</u> a <u>fra</u>’u ze<u>ra</u>’u ta <u>ngrr</u>pongu.'''<br />
: ''Everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na’vi until now on Earth has come from a grassroots movement.''<br />
<br />
: '''Maw <u>hì</u>krr a<u>yo</u>e tìyä<u>txaw</u>.'''<br />
: ''We’ll be right back after this break.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ne<u>to</u> rä<u>’ä</u> ki<u>vä</u>!'''<br />
: ''Don’t go away.''<br />
<br />
=== Why is this night ... ===<br />
(March 22, 2010)<br />
<br />
Dr. Frommer's translation of "The Four Questions" [http://whyisthisnight.com/addl-more.html#na%27vi]<br />
<br />
: ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?''<br />
: this-night like nights other all why not is same<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom hametsìt, yom matsat, ke tsranten; fìtxon yom matsat nì'aw.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat hametz eat matzah not matter this-night eat matzah only<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom fkxenti lerìk nìwotx; fìtxon yom sat a lu syä'ä nì'aw.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat vegetable-food leafy all this-night eat those that are bitter only<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awnga ke yemfpay si keng 'awlo; fìtxon yemfpay si melo.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we not dipping do even once this-night dipping do twice<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom wutsot tengkrr hereyn nìpxim, tengkrr teruvon, ke tsranten; fìtxon yom tengkrr teruvon.<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat meal while sitting erect while leaning not matter this-night eat while leaning<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom wutsot nìfya'o letrrtrr; fìtxon yom nì'eoio.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat meal in-manner ordinary; this-night eat ceremoniously<br />
<br />
== Audio Corpus ==<br />
<br />
Audio and video recordings (interviews, sound clips, etc) of Dr. Frommer speaking Na'vi can be considered canonical, although in most cases we do not have canonical transcriptions, and in some cases we can't even be sure we know what he's saying. Any analysis of the Na'vi language based on non-transcripted audio is even more speculative than usual. On the other hand, Frommer's recordings are the best canonical examples of correct pronunciation we have and may provide clues about stress patterns, intonation, and other phonetic nuances above and beyond the IPA given in his Language Log post.<br />
<br />
In some cases, clips containing just Frommer's spoken Na'vi are available (including both normal speed and slowed-down versions), either as [http://www.archive.org/compress/FrommerSpokenNavi a zipfile of the entire collection] or via [http://www.archive.org/details/FrommerSpokenNavi a webpage listing the individual clips]. See [http://forum.learnnavi.org/audio/the-audio-corpus/ this forum thread] for more information.<br />
<br />
Note the following:<br />
* The sound quality of some clips is rather poor, making them unreliable for pronunciation guidance.<br />
* In some clips, people such as James Cameron and Zoe Saldana speak some Na'vi. Their pronunciations may not be as reliable as Frommer's.<br />
* In some cases, we have canonical transcriptions of the spoken phrases available from other sources.<br />
<br />
=== Vanity Fair ===<br />
[http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html Vanity Fair interview] - audio clip is partway down the page. Note that the Na'vi transcription appears to be accurate, hence was probably supplied by Frommer, and hence is canonical.<br />
* '''Kaltxì. Ngaru lu fpom srak?''' "Hello. How are you?" (literally: "Are you well?") ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/KaltxNgaruLuFpomSrak.mp3 clip])<br />
<br />
=== New York Times ===<br />
[http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/audio/magazine/20091129_LANGUAGE/navi2.mp3 New York Times article audio clip] - transcription not from canon source<br />
* '''Oel hu Txewì trram na'rìngit tarmok, tsole'a syeptutet atsawl frato mì sìrey.''' "Yesterday I was with Txewì in the forest and we saw the biggest Trapper <nowiki>[type of carnivorous plant]</nowiki> I've ever seen."<br />
* '''Lu fo lehrrap. Tsun tutet spivang ko.''' "Those things are dangerous. They can kill a person, you know."<br />
* '''Oel omum. Nari si ayoe fteke nìhawng livok.''' "I know. We were careful not to get too close."<br />
<br />
=== BBC Radio ===<br />
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8409000/8409390.stm BBC Radio interview] - note: poor audio quality<br />
* 2:30 '''Oel ngati kameie.''' "I See you."<br />
* 3:15 From the Activist Survival Guide, a portion of The Hunt Song: "You are fast and strong; you are wise. I must be fast and strong, so only if I'm worthy of you will you feed the people. Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the truth strike my heart, let my heart be true."<br />
* 4:02 "Your alien smell fills my nose."<br />
<br />
=== NPR ===<br />
[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121350582 National Public Radio interview]<br />
* 0:29 Clip from the movie - Moat speaks to the Na'vi?<br />
* 1:09 "Hello, Renee. I See you. Are you well? It's a pleasure to be able to chat with you." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/KaltxMaRenee...mp3 clip])<br />
* 1:24 "I See you." (short form) ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/KameNgat.mp3 clip])<br />
* 2:16 "My big blue butt."<br />
<br />
=== ABC News Nightline ===<br />
[http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=9369560 ABC News Nightline segment]<br />
* 1:02 James Cameron: "I was going to kill him, but there was a sign from Eywa." <!-- link temporarily disabled, Ftiafpi will soon create a new archive with clips Cameron and actors ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/IWasGoingToKillHimButThereWasASignFromEywa.mp3 clip]) --><br />
* Paul Frommer:<br />
** 2:44 '''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì.''' "These demons are forbidden here." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/FayvrrtepFtsengeLuKxan.mp3 clip])<br />
** 3:55 '''Tsun oe ngahu pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu.''' "It's a pleasure to be able to chat with you." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/TsunOeNgahuPivngkxoAFuOeruPrrteLu.mp3 clip])<br />
* 4:08 Zoe Saldana: "Please forgive me brother, may you go to the grandmother, may the grandmother take you."<br />
* 4:23 Sigourney Weaver: '''Skxawng''' "Moron"<br />
<br />
=== PBS Radio ===<br />
[http://www.pbs.org/newshour/art/blog/2009/12/usc-prof-says-youre-speaking-my-language.html PBS Newshour interview] - note: poor audio quality<br />
* 1:13 "Metal"<br />
* 2:16 "Hello Annie, I See you."<br />
<br />
=== Southern California Public Radio ===<br />
[http://www.scpr.org/programs/patt-morrison/2009/12/22/the-language-of-avatar/ Southern California Public Radio interview]<br />
* 1:18 '''Kaltxì.''' "Hello." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/Kaltx.mp3 clip])<br />
* 10:45 and 11:02 '''meoauniaea''' (one of Frommer's favorite Na'vi words - English meaning not yet defined) (transcription source: Language Log post) ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/Meoauniaea.mp3 clip])<br />
* 13:10 '''Kìyevame''' "See you again" ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/Kyevame.mp3 clip])<br />
* 13:33 '''Eywa ngahu.''' "Eywa be with you." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/EywaNgahu.mp3 clip])</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Corpus&diff=2800Corpus2010-03-22T14:58:03Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: The Four Questions</p>
<hr />
<div>This is the canon of known good sentences in [[wikipedia:Na'vi language|Na'vi]] with [[gloss]]es, given out in interviews with [[Paul Frommer|Dr. Frommer]].<br />
<br />
== Text Corpus ==<br />
=== Activist Survival Guide ===<br />
Longer passages of continuous Na'vi text can be found in the book released for the film, [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061896756?ie=UTF8&tag=sebaswolff-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0061896756 ''James Cameron's Avatar: a Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora, an Activist Survival Guide''] HarperCollins Books, 2009.<br />
* Weaving Song, page 41<br />
* Hunting Song, page 99<br />
<br />
=== Science Magazine ===<br />
<br />
From [http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol326/issue5960/r-samples.dtl Science Magazine] (subscription, I'm afraid; retrieved Dec 21 2009). They asked for the word for "science." Frommer replied: <br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''tìftia'''<br />
| '''kifkeyä'''<br />
|-<br />
| <small>NMLZ</small>-study<br />
| world-<small>GEN</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=2 | ''the study of the physical world.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Language Log Blog Post ===<br />
<br />
From his Language Log [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 guest blog post] (Dec 19 2009).<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Oeri'''<br />
| '''ta'''<br />
| '''peyä'''<br />
| '''fahew'''<br />
| '''akewong'''<br />
| '''ontu'''<br />
| '''teya'''<br />
| '''längu.'''<br />
|-<br />
| 1-<small>TOP</small><br />
| from<br />
| 3.<small>POSS</small><br />
| smell<br />
| <small>ATTR</small>-alien<br />
| nose<br />
| full<br />
| be-<small>PEJ</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=8 | ''My nose is full of his alien smell.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
In the comments:<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|- <br />
| '''Tewti,'''<br />
| '''ma'''<br />
| '''Prrton!'''<br />
| '''Plltxe'''<br />
| '''nga'''<br />
| '''nìltsan!'''<br />
|-<br />
| wow<br />
| <small>VOC</small><br />
| Prrton<br />
| speak<br />
| you<br />
| well<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=6 | ''Wow, Prrton! You speak well!''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Vanity Fair ===<br />
<br />
[http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html Brushing up on the Language of Avatar] (Dec 1 2009)<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Kaltxì.'''<br />
| '''Ngaru'''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
| '''fpom'''<br />
| '''srak?'''<br />
|-<br />
| Hello<br />
| you-<small>DAT</small><br />
| be<br />
| well-being<br />
| <small>Q</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=5 | ''Hello, how are you?''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Times Online ===<br />
<br />
[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6954138.ece interview] (December 12 2009)<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Tsun'''<br />
| '''oe'''<br />
| '''ngahu'''<br />
| '''nìNa'vi'''<br />
| '''pivängkxo'''<br />
| '''a'''<br />
| '''fì'u'''<br />
| '''oeru'''<br />
| '''prrte' '''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
|-<br />
| able to<br />
| 1<br />
| 2-with<br />
| <small>ADV</small>-Na'vi<br />
| chat-<small>SBJV</small><br />
| that<br />
| this.thing<br />
| 1-<small>DAT</small><br />
| pleasure<br />
| be<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=10 | ''It's a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na'vi.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Fìskxawngìri'''<br />
| '''tsap'alute'''<br />
| '''sengi'''<br />
| '''oe'''<br />
|-<br />
| this-idiot-<small>TOP</small><br />
| apology<br />
| do<?><br />
| 1<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''I apologise for this moron.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Fayvrrtep'''<br />
| '''fìtsenge'''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
| '''kxanì'''<br />
|-<br />
| this-<small>PL</small>-demon<br />
| this-place<br />
| be<br />
| forbidden<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''These demons are forbidden here''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== UGO Movie Blog ===<br />
<br />
[http://movieblog.ugo.com/movies/paul-frommer-interview interview] (Dec 14 2009)<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Oel'''<br />
| '''ngati'''<br />
| '''kameie'''<br />
|-<br />
| 1-<small>A</small><br />
| 2-<small>P</small><br />
| see-<small>LAUD</small><br />
|-<br />
| colspan=3 | ''I see you.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== From Letter ===<br />
<br />
(Added Dec 22 2009) <br />
<br />
Sent out by Dr. Frommer to his many correspondents interested in the language. He signed off with:<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Kìyevame'''<br />
| '''ulte'''<br />
| '''Eywa'''<br />
| '''ngahu.'''<br />
|-<br />
| goodbye<br />
| and<br />
| Eywa<br />
| 2-with<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''See you again, and may Eywa be with you.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== UGO Movie Blog (Twitter Questions) ===<br />
(Added Dec 23 2009)<br />
<br />
The interviewer at UGO asked for submissions from readers for Dr. Frommer to translate, [http://movieblog.ugo.com/movies/we-translate-your-phrases-into-navi We Translate your Phrases into Na'vi].<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Txo'''<br />
| '''new'''<br />
| '''nga'''<br />
| '''rivey,'''<br />
| '''oehu!'''<br />
|-<br />
| if<br />
| want<br />
| 2<br />
| live-<small>SBJV</small><br />
| 1-with<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=5 | ''Come with me if you want to live.''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Tawsìp'''<br />
| '''ngeyä'''<br />
| '''lu'''<br />
| '''sngeltseng.'''<br />
|-<br />
| sky-ship<br />
| 2-<small>GEN</small><br />
| be<br />
| garbage-dump<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''Your ship is a garbage scow.'' (''lit "garbage dump"'')<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Ayftxozä'''<br />
| '''Lefpom'''<br />
| '''ta'''<br />
| '''UGO!'''<br />
|-<br />
| <small>PL</small>-holiday<br />
| <small>ADJ</small>-well.being<br />
| from<br />
| UGO<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''Happy Holidays from UGO!'' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Out of Office AutoReply ===<br />
(Added Dec 27 2009)<br />
<br />
The sign-off to an Out of Office AutoReply used by Frommer during semester break.<br />
<br />
:{|<br />
|-<br />
| '''Ayftozä [sic!]'''<br />
| '''lefpom'''<br />
| '''ayngaru'''<br />
| '''nìwotx!'''<br />
|-<br />
| <small>PL</small>-holiday<br />
| <small>ADJ</small>-well.being<br />
| <small>PL</small>-2-<small>DAT</small><br />
| <small>ADV</small>-all/complete<br />
|-<br />
| colspan=4 | ''Happy Holidays to You All!'' <br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MSNBC ===<br />
(Added Dec 31 2009)<br />
<br />
MSNBC Cosmic Log [http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/12/30/2163435.aspx interview].<br />
<br />
: '''Neytiri herahaw.'''<br />
: ''Neytiri is sleeping.''<br />
<br />
: '''Neytiril yerikit tolaron.'''<br />
: ''Neytiri hunted a hexapede.''<br />
<br />
=== Behind the Scenes ===<br />
(Added Jan 17 2010)<br />
<br />
From a Fox-authorized video on YouTube, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11DLOVLj8xo Avatar The Movie James Cameron Avatar The Movie Behind The Scenes Making The Movie 2]. There's a brief video close-up of some of Jake's Na'vi dialog, "Na'vi Dialog for Jake - 3-13-2007." The stress accent is marked with the underline. See also [http://i46.tinypic.com/29ekdqr.png this still-frame image] from the video. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/vocab-phrases/behind-the-scenes-navi-dialog-for-jake/msg37036/#msg37036 this forum thread] for discussion. Since the dialog is Jake's, there is some concern the sentences may not be perfectly grammatical.<br />
<br />
: '''Oel <u>nga</u>ti kameie, ma <u>Tsmu</u>kan, ulte <u>nga</u>ru seiyi i<u>re</u>iyo. <u>Nga</u>ri hu Eywa sa<u>le</u>u ti<u>re</u>a, <u>tokx</u> 'ì<u>'awn</u> slu <u>Na'</u>viyä ha<u>pxì.</u>'''<br />
: ''I See you Brother, and thank you. Your spirit goes with Eywa, your body stays behind to become part of the People.''<br />
<br />
: '''Sìf<u>me</u>tokit emzo<u>la</u>'u <u>o</u>hel. Ä<u>txä</u>le si tsnì li<u>vu</u> o<u>he</u>ru <u>U</u>nil<u>ta</u>ron.'''<br />
: ''I have passed the tests. I respectfully request the Dream Hunt.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ma <u>Ey</u>tukan, lu <u>oe</u>ru ay<u>lì'</u>u <u>fra</u>por. Ay<u>lì'</u>u na ay<u>skxe</u> mì te'<u>lan</u>.'''<br />
: ''Eytukan, I have something to say, to everyone. The words are like stones in my heart.''<br />
<br />
: '''Eo ay<u>oeng</u> lu <u>txa</u>na tì<u>kawng</u>. <u>Saw</u>tute ze<u>ra</u>'u fte fol <u>Kel</u>utralti skiva<u>'a</u>. Pì<u>yä</u>hem fì<u>tseng</u> <u>ye'</u>rìn.'''<br />
: ''A great evil is upon us. The Sky People are coming to destroy Hometree. They will be here soon.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ay<u>nga</u>ri zene hi<u>vum</u>, <u>tx[o</u>?...] ...''' (rest of line obscured)<br />
: ''You have to leave, or you will die.'' (printed in script)<br />
: ''You must leave, or [...]'' (handwritten above Na'vi text, partially obscured)<br />
<br />
: '''Ma Tsu'<u>tey</u> te <u>Ro</u>...<br />
: ''Tsu'tey of the Rongloa, son of [...]<br />
: ''Oh'' (handwritten above ''Ma'')<br />
<br />
: '''<u>Na'</u>viru [...]<br />
: ''to the people'' [...] (handwritten)<br />
<br />
Note: the syllabification of ''sìfmetokit'' and ''emzola'u'' are apparently incorrect. <br />
<br />
Note: the syllabification of ''Kelutralti'' suggests either morphology is preserved, or it is an error.<br />
<br />
=== A Message From Paul ===<br />
(January 20, 2010)<br />
<br />
On January 20, Paul Frommer sent a message to the Na'vi language community expressing his appreciation for the love we have shown for the language and assuring us he will provide us with guidance when he is able to. The message was sent as Na'vi text, English text, and spoken Na'vi audio - spoken by Frommer himself. The message can be [http://masempul.org/upxare-niinglisi/ read and heard in its entirety] at the site [http://masempul.org masempul.org]. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/news-announcements/a-response-from-paul-frommer!/ the announcement thread on the Learn Na'vi forum]. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/language-update-a-closer-look-at-dr-frommers-letter/ this forum thread] for linguistic analysis of the message's contents using a marked-up version also provided by Frommer. For more analysis, see [[A Message From Paul]]. Stress marked below with underlines as per Frommer's mark-up.<br />
<br />
: '''Ay<u>ey</u>lanur <u>oe</u>yä sì <u>ey</u>lanur <u>lì'</u>fyayä leNa'vi nì<u>wotx</u>:<br />
: ''To all my friends and friends of the Na'vi language:<br />
<br />
: '''Oel ay<u>nga</u>ti <u>ka</u>meie, ma <u>oe</u>yä <u>ey</u>lan, <u>u</u>lte ay<u>nga</u>ru sei<u>yi</u> i<u>ra</u>yo. Fpo<u>le'</u> ay<u>ngal</u> oer fì<u>txan</u> nì<u>ftxa</u>vang a 'u<u>pxa</u>ret stol<u>awm</u> oel. <u>Lì'</u>fyari le<u>Na'</u>vi oel <u>'e</u>fu ay<u>nge</u>yä tì<u>yawn</u>it. <u>Ul</u>te o<u>mum</u> oel <u>fu</u>ta tìfyawìn<u>txu</u>ri <u>oe</u>yä pe<u>rey</u> ay<u>nga</u> nì<u>wotx</u>.<br />
: ''I See you, my friends, and I thank you. I have heard the message you have sent me so passionately. I feel your love for the Na'vi language. And I know you are all waiting for my guidance.<br />
<br />
: '''Spi<u>vaw</u> <u>oe</u>ti ru<u>txe</u>, ma <u>oe</u>yä <u>ey</u>lan: <u>o</u>e new nì<u>txan</u> ay<u>nga</u>ru fyawivìn<u>txu</u>. Slä nìaw<u>no</u>mum, <u>ze</u>ne <u>o</u>e 'awsit<u>eng</u> tì<u>kang</u>kem si<u>vi</u> <u>fo</u>hu a Uniltì<u>ran</u>tokxit sì kif<u>key</u>it Eywa<u>'e</u>vengä zamo<u>lu</u>nge aw<u>ngar</u>. Foru 'u<u>pxa</u>ret oel fpo<u>le'</u>, slä vay set ke pa<u>mä</u>hängem <u>ke</u>a tì'<u>eyng</u>. Nìay<u>nga</u> <u>o</u>e pe<u>rey</u> nì<u>teng</u>.<br />
: ''Please believe me, my friends. I want very much to guide you. But as you know, I must work together with those who have brought us “Avatar” and the world of Pandora. I have sent them a message, but up to now no answer has arrived. Like you, I too am waiting.<br />
<br />
: '''Tì<u>'eyng</u>it oel to<u>lel</u> a krr, ay<u>nga</u>ru pa<u>yeng</u>, tsa<u>krr</u> pa<u>ye'</u>un <u>swey</u>a <u>fya'</u>ot a zami<u>vu</u>nge oel ayngar ay<u>lì'</u>ut ho<u>ren</u>tisì <u>lì'</u>fyayä le<u>Na'</u>vi.<br />
: ''When I receive an answer, I will let you know, and I will then decide the best way to bring you the words and rules of Na'vi.<br />
<br />
: '''Sìl<u>pey</u> <u>o</u>e, la<u>yu</u> <u>oe</u>ru <u>ye'</u>rìn sìltsana fmawn a tsun oe ay<u>nga</u>ru ti<u>vìng</u>.<br />
: ''I hope I will soon have good news to give you.<br />
<br />
: '''Ay<u>lì'</u>ufa awngeyä <u>'ey</u>lanä a<u>'e</u>wan <u>Mar</u>kusì ta <u>Ngal</u>wey . . . 'I<u>vong</u> <u>Na'</u>vi!<br />
: ''In the words of our young friend Markus from Galway . . . Let Na'vi bloom!<br />
<br />
: '''Kìye<u>va</u>me <u>ul</u>te <u>Ey</u>wa <u>nga</u>hu.<br />
: ''Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you.<br />
<br />
: '''Ta <u>'ey</u>lan <u>kar</u>yusì ay<u>nge</u>yä, Pawl.<br />
: ''Your friend and teacher, Paul.<br />
<br />
=== Correspondence with Taronyu ===<br />
(January 25, 2010)<br><br />
See also [[Canon#Pronunciation_of_a.2C_Transitivity.2C_Monosyllabic_Stress.2C_Verb_Phrases_as_Objects.2C_s.C3.A4-_Prefix|full text of correspondence]].<br />
<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä.'''<br />
:''I can go.''<br />
<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä.'''<br />
:''I must go.''<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (= fì'ut a) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä.'''<br />
:''I want Taronyu to go.''<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new pivlltxe'''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa pivlltxe'''<br />
<br />
:'''nume'''<br />
:''learn''<br />
<br />
:'''sänume'''<br />
:''teaching, instruction''<br />
:"With nume, though, you can learn by other means than teaching: from experience, from trial and error, etc. So should sänume refer to any means whatsoever of learning something? I'm not sure yet."<br />
<br />
:'''mun'i'''<br />
:''the verb "cut"'' <br />
<br />
:'''Oe new pivlltxe nìNa'vi mì oeyä letrra tìrey'''<br />
<br />
:'''slä oe tsun pivey'''<br />
<br />
:'''trrit a ngal tayìng''' (or, hopefully, '''tìyìng''') '''ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul.'''<br />
<br />
:'''Kxeyeyri tsap'alute sengi oe.'''<br />
<br />
:'''kxeyey'''<br />
:''mistake, error''<br />
<br />
=== Lemondrop.com ===<br />
(January 26, 2010)<br />
<br />
Calling All 'Avatar' Lovers -- Pick-Up Lines and How to Talk Dirty in Na'vi [http://www.lemondrop.com/2010/01/26/avatar-pick-up-lines-talk-dirty-in-Navi/ article].<br />
<br />
: '''Nga za'u fìtseng pxìm srak?'''<br />
: ''Do you come here often?''<br />
<br />
: '''Oeyä ikran slivu nga, tsakrr oeng 'awsiteng mivakto.'''<br />
: ''Be my ikran and let's ride together.''<br />
<br />
:'''Pxasìk'''<br />
: ''Screw it! No way!''<br />
<br />
: '''Oel ngati kameie.'''<br />
: ''I see you.''<br />
<br />
: '''Nga yawne lu oer.'''<br />
: ''I love you.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo äo Utral Aymokriyä.'''<br />
: ''There's nobody I'd rather commune with under the Tree of Voices.''<br />
<br />
=== Why is this night ... ===<br />
(March 22, 2010)<br />
<br />
Dr. Frommer's translation of "The Four Questions" [http://whyisthisnight.com/addl-more.html#na%27vi]<br />
<br />
: ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?''<br />
: this-night like nights other all why not is same<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom hametsìt, yom matsat, ke tsranten; fìtxon yom matsat nì'aw.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat hametz eat matzah not matter this-night eat matzah only<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom fkxenti lerìk nìwotx; fìtxon yom sat a lu syä'ä nì'aw.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat vegetable-food leafy all this-night eat those that are bitter only<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awnga ke yemfpay si keng 'awlo; fìtxon yemfpay si melo.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we not dipping do even once this-night dipping do twice<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom wutsot tengkrr hereyn nìpxim, tengkrr teruvon, ke tsranten; fìtxon yom tengkrr teruvon.<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat meal while sitting erect while leaning not matter this-night eat while leaning<br />
<br />
: ''Tonìri alahe, awngal yom wutsot nìfya'o letrrtrr; fìtxon yom nì'eoio.''<br />
: as-for-nights other we eat meal in-manner ordinary; this-night eat ceremoniously<br />
<br />
=== Good Morning America ===<br />
(February 26, 2010). In preparation for a ''Good Morning, America'' (a morning TV show in the U.S.) piece about LearnNavi.org, Frommer prepared a few statements for forum members to use and study together on camera. [[User:Prrton|Prrton]] produced a PDF with the text mixed with notes [http://forum.learnnavi.org/mgallery/?sa=item;id=56]. Here are (most of) the sentences with Frommer's translations. <br />
<br />
: '''<u>Trr</u> Le<u>fpom</u> (Ay<u>ngar</u>), ma <u>Su</u>te A<u>me</u>rikayä!'''<br />
: ''(May) you (have) a happy day, O People of America!''<br />
<br />
: '''Trr Lefpom, ma Amerika!'''<br />
: ''Happy day (to you), O America!''<br />
<br />
: '''Ko<u>ren</u> a<u>’Aw</u>ve tìRu<u>sey</u>ä ’Awsi<u>teng</u>'''<br />
: ''The First Rule for Living Together''<br />
<br />
: '''<u>Kem</u>(ì)ri a <u>nga</u>ru <u>prr</u>te' ke lu, <u>Tsa</u>kem rä<u>’ä</u> si<u>vi</u> ay<u>la</u>heru.'''<br />
: ''As for (an/any) action that you don’t like, don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others.''<br />
<br />
: '''Hem ngeyä <u>zen</u>ke <u>fko</u>ru livu, <u>Tsa</u>hem a <u>nga</u>ru <u>prr</u>te’ ke lu.'''<br />
: ''Your actions must not be to others, those actions that you don’t like.''<br />
<br />
: '''<u>Lì’</u>fyari le<u>Na’</u>vi <u>’Rr</u>tamì, vay <u>set</u> ’al<u>mong</u> a <u>fra</u>’u ze<u>ra</u>’u ta <u>ngrr</u>pongu.'''<br />
: ''Everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na’vi until now on Earth has come from a grassroots movement.''<br />
<br />
: '''Maw <u>hì</u>krr a<u>yo</u>e tìyä<u>txaw</u>.'''<br />
: ''We’ll be right back after this break.''<br />
<br />
: '''Ne<u>to</u> rä<u>’ä</u> ki<u>vä</u>!'''<br />
: ''Don’t go away.''<br />
<br />
== Audio Corpus ==<br />
<br />
Audio and video recordings (interviews, sound clips, etc) of Dr. Frommer speaking Na'vi can be considered canonical, although in most cases we do not have canonical transcriptions, and in some cases we can't even be sure we know what he's saying. Any analysis of the Na'vi language based on non-transcripted audio is even more speculative than usual. On the other hand, Frommer's recordings are the best canonical examples of correct pronunciation we have and may provide clues about stress patterns, intonation, and other phonetic nuances above and beyond the IPA given in his Language Log post.<br />
<br />
In some cases, clips containing just Frommer's spoken Na'vi are available (including both normal speed and slowed-down versions), either as [http://www.archive.org/compress/FrommerSpokenNavi a zipfile of the entire collection] or via [http://www.archive.org/details/FrommerSpokenNavi a webpage listing the individual clips]. See [http://forum.learnnavi.org/audio/the-audio-corpus/ this forum thread] for more information.<br />
<br />
Note the following:<br />
* The sound quality of some clips is rather poor, making them unreliable for pronunciation guidance.<br />
* In some clips, people such as James Cameron and Zoe Saldana speak some Na'vi. Their pronunciations may not be as reliable as Frommer's.<br />
* In some cases, we have canonical transcriptions of the spoken phrases available from other sources.<br />
<br />
=== Vanity Fair ===<br />
[http://www.vanityfair.com/online/oscars/2009/12/brushing-up-on-navi-the-language-of-avatar.html Vanity Fair interview] - audio clip is partway down the page. Note that the Na'vi transcription appears to be accurate, hence was probably supplied by Frommer, and hence is canonical.<br />
* '''Kaltxì. Ngaru lu fpom srak?''' "Hello. How are you?" (literally: "Are you well?") ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/KaltxNgaruLuFpomSrak.mp3 clip])<br />
<br />
=== New York Times ===<br />
[http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/audio/magazine/20091129_LANGUAGE/navi2.mp3 New York Times article audio clip] - transcription not from canon source<br />
* '''Oel hu Txewì trram na'rìngit tarmok, tsole'a syeptutet atsawl frato mì sìrey.''' "Yesterday I was with Txewì in the forest and we saw the biggest Trapper <nowiki>[type of carnivorous plant]</nowiki> I've ever seen."<br />
* '''Lu fo lehrrap. Tsun tutet spivang ko.''' "Those things are dangerous. They can kill a person, you know."<br />
* '''Oel omum. Nari si ayoe fteke nìhawng livok.''' "I know. We were careful not to get too close."<br />
<br />
=== BBC Radio ===<br />
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8409000/8409390.stm BBC Radio interview] - note: poor audio quality<br />
* 2:30 '''Oel ngati kameie.''' "I See you."<br />
* 3:15 From the Activist Survival Guide, a portion of The Hunt Song: "You are fast and strong; you are wise. I must be fast and strong, so only if I'm worthy of you will you feed the people. Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the truth strike my heart, let my heart be true."<br />
* 4:02 "Your alien smell fills my nose."<br />
<br />
=== NPR ===<br />
[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121350582 National Public Radio interview]<br />
* 0:29 Clip from the movie - Moat speaks to the Na'vi?<br />
* 1:09 "Hello, Renee. I See you. Are you well? It's a pleasure to be able to chat with you." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/KaltxMaRenee...mp3 clip])<br />
* 1:24 "I See you." (short form) ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/KameNgat.mp3 clip])<br />
* 2:16 "My big blue butt."<br />
<br />
=== ABC News Nightline ===<br />
[http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=9369560 ABC News Nightline segment]<br />
* 1:02 James Cameron: "I was going to kill him, but there was a sign from Eywa." <!-- link temporarily disabled, Ftiafpi will soon create a new archive with clips Cameron and actors ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/IWasGoingToKillHimButThereWasASignFromEywa.mp3 clip]) --><br />
* Paul Frommer:<br />
** 2:44 '''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì.''' "These demons are forbidden here." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/FayvrrtepFtsengeLuKxan.mp3 clip])<br />
** 3:55 '''Tsun oe ngahu pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu.''' "It's a pleasure to be able to chat with you." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/TsunOeNgahuPivngkxoAFuOeruPrrteLu.mp3 clip])<br />
* 4:08 Zoe Saldana: "Please forgive me brother, may you go to the grandmother, may the grandmother take you."<br />
* 4:23 Sigourney Weaver: '''Skxawng''' "Moron"<br />
<br />
=== PBS Radio ===<br />
[http://www.pbs.org/newshour/art/blog/2009/12/usc-prof-says-youre-speaking-my-language.html PBS Newshour interview] - note: poor audio quality<br />
* 1:13 "Metal"<br />
* 2:16 "Hello Annie, I See you."<br />
<br />
=== Southern California Public Radio ===<br />
[http://www.scpr.org/programs/patt-morrison/2009/12/22/the-language-of-avatar/ Southern California Public Radio interview]<br />
* 1:18 '''Kaltxì.''' "Hello." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/Kaltx.mp3 clip])<br />
* 10:45 and 11:02 '''meoauniaea''' (one of Frommer's favorite Na'vi words - English meaning not yet defined) (transcription source: Language Log post) ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/Meoauniaea.mp3 clip])<br />
* 13:10 '''Kìyevame''' "See you again" ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/Kyevame.mp3 clip])<br />
* 13:33 '''Eywa ngahu.''' "Eywa be with you." ([http://www.archive.org/download/FrommerSpokenNavi/EywaNgahu.mp3 clip])</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon/2010/March-June&diff=2799Canon/2010/March-June2010-03-22T12:04:24Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* kxener and kì'ong */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Tag Question ==<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")<br />
<br />
== Good Luck! ==<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 2, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/good-luck-with-this-one!/]).''<br />
<br />
''[Prrton asked how to express "Good Luck"]''<br />
Since si-constructions take subjects in the unmarked (non-ERG.) case and objects in the dative, it would be:<br />
<br />
''(Fìtxeleri) Ngaru lrrtok! (sivi (Nawma Sa'nok))''<br />
<br />
For the shorter version, I like:<br />
''Lrrtok ngar!''<br />
It’s easier to pronounce.<br />
<br />
A slightly different version:<br />
''Aylrrtok ngar.'' (with an understood “livu”)<br />
<br />
Cf. the all-purpose holiday or celebrational greeting:<br />
''Ftxozäri aylrrtok ngaru.'' (Smiles to you on your celebration. That appeared on JC’s birthday cake several years ago.)<br />
<br />
''So this results in''<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri ngaru lrrtok!<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri lrrtok ngar!<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri ngaru lrrtok sivi Nawma Sa'nok! (If the lottery winnings are at stake!)<br />
<br />
== Dual and Vocative ==<br />
''Quoted by Will Txankamuse, March 6, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/info-on-duals-and-vocative/]).''<br />
<br />
The '''dual''' forms are expected with things that naturally come in pairs. So if you’re talking about your eyes, ears, feet, or hands, you should use those forms. “My eyes” is therefore “oeyä menari,” not “oeyä aynari.” (I know a little Hebrew, and I think that’s the case in Modern Hebrew as well.) But what if you wanted to say, “Many eyes were staring at him”? There I’d use the regular plural; “many two eyes” doesn’t make sense. (But I should ask my Israeli friends what happens in that case in Hebrew.)<br />
<br />
I agree that to say “I have two cars,” the dual shouldn’t be enforced.<br />
<br />
''[Will asked how to express the following]'' <br />
<br />
''Q: How many children do you have? (not using dual, because I don't know the answer)''<br />
<br />
''A: I have two.''<br />
<br />
''Q: How old are they? (now are you using the dual for 'they', or can you use the plural?)''<br />
<br />
As to pronouns, your hypothetical conversation is right on the beam: Once you’ve established that there are two kids, you should use the dual form. A useful guideline is this: If it’s natural to say “both” in English, then it’s likely you should use the dual in Na’vi. In the case of your conversation, the last speaker could have said, “How old are they both?” So s/he would probably use “mefo” for “they.”<br />
<br />
I myself have trouble remembering to use the dual form when two people are involved, especially in the first person. One thing I’ve found that helps is that if I can substitute “we two” or “the two of us” or “you and I” for “we,” then I know I should use the dual form. Same for the second person forms (“you two”) and third person forms (“those two”).<br />
<br />
As for the inconsistency in using the '''vocative''' ... well, let's just say that consultants like me don't have "creative control," and sometimes a bit of back-fitting is necessary. With the vocative, I've modified the rule so that it's obligatory when you're talking to people (including Eywa!) but optional when talking to animals. I think you get the point. ;-)<br />
<br />
== ''kxener ''and'' kì'ong'' ==<br />
''Quoted by Skxawng, March 9, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/should-have-posted-this-a-while-ago/]).''<br />
<br />
As you know (I hope), I had nothing to do with the "Activist Survival Guide," which was written and published without my knowledge. Many of the so-called Na'vi terms in the body of the book are incorrect/misued. The Na'vi-English Dictionary, however, is actually my work, but it's an early, out-of-date version of the glossary that I never thought was going to be published. Since then I've made some changes, and one word that's been changed is ''kxener.''<br />
<br />
At one point the movie people needed some words for Pandoran foods for a certain scene (which didn't make it to the final cut), so I came up with a few terms. It wasn't important to figure out exactly what kinds of foods they were, so I simply glossed the terms as "kind of fruit or vegetable." I think there were about a half-dozen of those. Later, when the scene wasn't used, it seemed a pity to have these perfectly good words with such vague and not-very-useful meanings, so I reassigned all of them. Of the words in the ASG, '''"kì'ong"''' (stress on 2nd) now means "slow," and '''"kxener"''' (stress on 1st) means . . . smoke.</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon/2010/March-June&diff=2794Canon/2010/March-June2010-03-21T07:54:38Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Tag Question ==<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")<br />
<br />
== Good Luck! ==<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 2, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/good-luck-with-this-one!/]).''<br />
<br />
''[Prrton asked how to express "Good Luck"]''<br />
Since si-constructions take subjects in the unmarked (non-ERG.) case and objects in the dative, it would be:<br />
<br />
''(Fìtxeleri) Ngaru lrrtok! (sivi (Nawma Sa'nok))''<br />
<br />
For the shorter version, I like:<br />
''Lrrtok ngar!''<br />
It’s easier to pronounce.<br />
<br />
A slightly different version:<br />
''Aylrrtok ngar.'' (with an understood “livu”)<br />
<br />
Cf. the all-purpose holiday or celebrational greeting:<br />
''Ftxozäri aylrrtok ngaru.'' (Smiles to you on your celebration. That appeared on JC’s birthday cake several years ago.)<br />
<br />
''So this results in''<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri ngaru lrrtok!<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri lrrtok ngar!<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri ngaru lrrtok sivi Nawma Sa'nok! (If the lottery winnings are at stake!)<br />
<br />
== Dual and Vocative ==<br />
''Quoted by Will Txankamuse, March 6, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/info-on-duals-and-vocative/]).''<br />
<br />
The '''dual''' forms are expected with things that naturally come in pairs. So if you’re talking about your eyes, ears, feet, or hands, you should use those forms. “My eyes” is therefore “oeyä menari,” not “oeyä aynari.” (I know a little Hebrew, and I think that’s the case in Modern Hebrew as well.) But what if you wanted to say, “Many eyes were staring at him”? There I’d use the regular plural; “many two eyes” doesn’t make sense. (But I should ask my Israeli friends what happens in that case in Hebrew.)<br />
<br />
I agree that to say “I have two cars,” the dual shouldn’t be enforced.<br />
<br />
''[Will asked how to express the following]'' <br />
<br />
''Q: How many children do you have? (not using dual, because I don't know the answer)''<br />
<br />
''A: I have two.''<br />
<br />
''Q: How old are they? (now are you using the dual for 'they', or can you use the plural?)''<br />
<br />
As to pronouns, your hypothetical conversation is right on the beam: Once you’ve established that there are two kids, you should use the dual form. A useful guideline is this: If it’s natural to say “both” in English, then it’s likely you should use the dual in Na’vi. In the case of your conversation, the last speaker could have said, “How old are they both?” So s/he would probably use “mefo” for “they.”<br />
<br />
I myself have trouble remembering to use the dual form when two people are involved, especially in the first person. One thing I’ve found that helps is that if I can substitute “we two” or “the two of us” or “you and I” for “we,” then I know I should use the dual form. Same for the second person forms (“you two”) and third person forms (“those two”).<br />
<br />
As for the inconsistency in using the '''vocative''' ... well, let's just say that consultants like me don't have "creative control," and sometimes a bit of back-fitting is necessary. With the vocative, I've modified the rule so that it's obligatory when you're talking to people (including Eywa!) but optional when talking to animals. I think you get the point. ;-)<br />
<br />
== kxener ''and'' kì'ong ==<br />
''Quoted by Skxawng, March 9, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/should-have-posted-this-a-while-ago/]).''<br />
<br />
As you know (I hope), I had nothing to do with the "Activist Survival Guide," which was written and published without my knowledge. Many of the so-called Na'vi terms in the body of the book are incorrect/misued. The Na'vi-English Dictionary, however, is actually my work, but it's an early, out-of-date version of the glossary that I never thought was going to be published. Since then I've made some changes, and one word that's been changed is ''kxener.''<br />
<br />
At one point the movie people needed some words for Pandoran foods for a certain scene (which didn't make it to the final cut), so I came up with a few terms. It wasn't important to figure out exactly what kinds of foods they were, so I simply glossed the terms as "kind of fruit or vegetable." I think there were about a half-dozen of those. Later, when the scene wasn't used, it seemed a pity to have these perfectly good words with such vague and not-very-useful meanings, so I reassigned all of them. Of the words in the ASG, '''"kì'ong"''' (stress on 2nd) now means "slow," and '''"kxener"''' (stress on 1st) means . . . smoke.</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon/2010/March-June&diff=2793Canon/2010/March-June2010-03-21T07:51:18Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Tag Question ==<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")<br />
<br />
== Good Luck! ==<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 2, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/good-luck-with-this-one!/]).''<br />
<br />
''[Prrton asked how to express "Good Luck"]''<br />
Since si-constructions take subjects in the unmarked (non-ERG.) case and objects in the dative, it would be:<br />
<br />
''(Fìtxeleri) Ngaru lrrtok! (sivi (Nawma Sa'nok))''<br />
<br />
For the shorter version, I like:<br />
''Lrrtok ngar!''<br />
It’s easier to pronounce.<br />
<br />
A slightly different version:<br />
''Aylrrtok ngar.'' (with an understood “livu”)<br />
<br />
Cf. the all-purpose holiday or celebrational greeting:<br />
''Ftxozäri aylrrtok ngaru.'' (Smiles to you on your celebration. That appeared on JC’s birthday cake several years ago.)<br />
<br />
''So this results in''<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri ngaru lrrtok!<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri lrrtok ngar!<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri ngaru lrrtok sivi Nawma Sa'nok! (If the lottery winnings are at stake!)<br />
<br />
== Dual and Vocative ==<br />
''Quoted by Will Txankamuse, March 6, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/info-on-duals-and-vocative/]).''<br />
<br />
The '''dual''' forms are expected with things that naturally come in pairs. So if you’re talking about your eyes, ears, feet, or hands, you should use those forms. “My eyes” is therefore “oeyä menari,” not “oeyä aynari.” (I know a little Hebrew, and I think that’s the case in Modern Hebrew as well.) But what if you wanted to say, “Many eyes were staring at him”? There I’d use the regular plural; “many two eyes” doesn’t make sense. (But I should ask my Israeli friends what happens in that case in Hebrew.)<br />
<br />
I agree that to say “I have two cars,” the dual shouldn’t be enforced.<br />
<br />
''[Will asked how to express the following]'' <br />
<br />
''Q: How many children do you have? (not using dual, because I don't know the answer)''<br />
<br />
''A: I have two.''<br />
<br />
''Q: How old are they? (now are you using the dual for 'they', or can you use the plural?)''<br />
<br />
As to pronouns, your hypothetical conversation is right on the beam: Once you’ve established that there are two kids, you should use the dual form. A useful guideline is this: If it’s natural to say “both” in English, then it’s likely you should use the dual in Na’vi. In the case of your conversation, the last speaker could have said, “How old are they both?” So s/he would probably use “mefo” for “they.”<br />
<br />
I myself have trouble remembering to use the dual form when two people are involved, especially in the first person. One thing I’ve found that helps is that if I can substitute “we two” or “the two of us” or “you and I” for “we,” then I know I should use the dual form. Same for the second person forms (“you two”) and third person forms (“those two”).<br />
<br />
As for the inconsistency in using the '''vocative''' ... well, let's just say that consultants like me don't have "creative control," and sometimes a bit of back-fitting is necessary. With the vocative, I've modified the rule so that it's obligatory when you're talking to people (including Eywa!) but optional when talking to animals. I think you get the point. ;-)</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon/2010/March-June&diff=2792Canon/2010/March-June2010-03-21T07:51:05Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Tag Question ==<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")<br />
<br />
<br />
== Good Luck! ==<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 2, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/good-luck-with-this-one!/]).''<br />
<br />
''[Prrton asked how to express "Good Luck"]''<br />
Since si-constructions take subjects in the unmarked (non-ERG.) case and objects in the dative, it would be:<br />
<br />
''(Fìtxeleri) Ngaru lrrtok! (sivi (Nawma Sa'nok))''<br />
<br />
For the shorter version, I like:<br />
''Lrrtok ngar!''<br />
It’s easier to pronounce.<br />
<br />
A slightly different version:<br />
''Aylrrtok ngar.'' (with an understood “livu”)<br />
<br />
Cf. the all-purpose holiday or celebrational greeting:<br />
''Ftxozäri aylrrtok ngaru.'' (Smiles to you on your celebration. That appeared on JC’s birthday cake several years ago.)<br />
<br />
''So this results in''<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri ngaru lrrtok!<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri lrrtok ngar!<br />
# [whatever needs the luck]-ri/ìri ngaru lrrtok sivi Nawma Sa'nok! (If the lottery winnings are at stake!)<br />
<br />
== Dual and Vocative ==<br />
''Quoted by Will Txankamuse, March 6, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/info-on-duals-and-vocative/]).''<br />
<br />
The '''dual''' forms are expected with things that naturally come in pairs. So if you’re talking about your eyes, ears, feet, or hands, you should use those forms. “My eyes” is therefore “oeyä menari,” not “oeyä aynari.” (I know a little Hebrew, and I think that’s the case in Modern Hebrew as well.) But what if you wanted to say, “Many eyes were staring at him”? There I’d use the regular plural; “many two eyes” doesn’t make sense. (But I should ask my Israeli friends what happens in that case in Hebrew.)<br />
<br />
I agree that to say “I have two cars,” the dual shouldn’t be enforced.<br />
<br />
''[Will asked how to express the following]'' <br />
<br />
''Q: How many children do you have? (not using dual, because I don't know the answer)''<br />
<br />
''A: I have two.''<br />
<br />
''Q: How old are they? (now are you using the dual for 'they', or can you use the plural?)''<br />
<br />
As to pronouns, your hypothetical conversation is right on the beam: Once you’ve established that there are two kids, you should use the dual form. A useful guideline is this: If it’s natural to say “both” in English, then it’s likely you should use the dual in Na’vi. In the case of your conversation, the last speaker could have said, “How old are they both?” So s/he would probably use “mefo” for “they.”<br />
<br />
I myself have trouble remembering to use the dual form when two people are involved, especially in the first person. One thing I’ve found that helps is that if I can substitute “we two” or “the two of us” or “you and I” for “we,” then I know I should use the dual form. Same for the second person forms (“you two”) and third person forms (“those two”).<br />
<br />
As for the inconsistency in using the '''vocative''' ... well, let's just say that consultants like me don't have "creative control," and sometimes a bit of back-fitting is necessary. With the vocative, I've modified the rule so that it's obligatory when you're talking to people (including Eywa!) but optional when talking to animals. I think you get the point. ;-)</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon/2010/March-June&diff=2791Canon/2010/March-June2010-03-21T07:45:43Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* Dual and Vocative */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Tag Question ==<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")<br />
<br />
<br />
== Dual and Vocative ==<br />
''Quoted by Will Txankamuse, March 6, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/info-on-duals-and-vocative/]).''<br />
<br />
The '''dual''' forms are expected with things that naturally come in pairs. So if you’re talking about your eyes, ears, feet, or hands, you should use those forms. “My eyes” is therefore “oeyä menari,” not “oeyä aynari.” (I know a little Hebrew, and I think that’s the case in Modern Hebrew as well.) But what if you wanted to say, “Many eyes were staring at him”? There I’d use the regular plural; “many two eyes” doesn’t make sense. (But I should ask my Israeli friends what happens in that case in Hebrew.)<br />
<br />
I agree that to say “I have two cars,” the dual shouldn’t be enforced.<br />
<br />
''[Will asked how to express the following]'' <br />
<br />
''Q: How many children do you have? (not using dual, because I don't know the answer)''<br />
<br />
''A: I have two.''<br />
<br />
''Q: How old are they? (now are you using the dual for 'they', or can you use the plural?)''<br />
<br />
As to pronouns, your hypothetical conversation is right on the beam: Once you’ve established that there are two kids, you should use the dual form. A useful guideline is this: If it’s natural to say “both” in English, then it’s likely you should use the dual in Na’vi. In the case of your conversation, the last speaker could have said, “How old are they both?” So s/he would probably use “mefo” for “they.”<br />
<br />
I myself have trouble remembering to use the dual form when two people are involved, especially in the first person. One thing I’ve found that helps is that if I can substitute “we two” or “the two of us” or “you and I” for “we,” then I know I should use the dual form. Same for the second person forms (“you two”) and third person forms (“those two”).<br />
<br />
As for the inconsistency in using the '''vocative''' ... well, let's just say that consultants like me don't have "creative control," and sometimes a bit of back-fitting is necessary. With the vocative, I've modified the rule so that it's obligatory when you're talking to people (including Eywa!) but optional when talking to animals. I think you get the point. ;-)</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon/2010/March-June&diff=2790Canon/2010/March-June2010-03-21T07:45:03Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Tag Question ==<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")<br />
<br />
<br />
== Dual and Vocative ==<br />
''Quoted by Will Txankamuse, March 6, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/info-on-duals-and-vocative/]).''<br />
<br />
The '''dual''' forms are expected with things that naturally come in pairs. So if you’re talking about your eyes, ears, feet, or hands, you should use those forms. “My eyes” is therefore “oeyä menari,” not “oeyä aynari.” (I know a little Hebrew, and I think that’s the case in Modern Hebrew as well.) But what if you wanted to say, “Many eyes were staring at him”? There I’d use the regular plural; “many two eyes” doesn’t make sense. (But I should ask my Israeli friends what happens in that case in Hebrew.)<br />
<br />
I agree that to say “I have two cars,” the dual shouldn’t be enforced.<br />
<br />
''[Will asked how to express the following]'' <br />
''Q: How many children do you have? (not using dual, because I don't know the answer)''<br />
''A: I have two.''<br />
''Q: How old are they? (now are you using the dual for 'they', or can you use the plural?)''<br />
<br />
As to pronouns, your hypothetical conversation is right on the beam: Once you’ve established that there are two kids, you should use the dual form. A useful guideline is this: If it’s natural to say “both” in English, then it’s likely you should use the dual in Na’vi. In the case of your conversation, the last speaker could have said, “How old are they both?” So s/he would probably use “mefo” for “they.”<br />
<br />
I myself have trouble remembering to use the dual form when two people are involved, especially in the first person. One thing I’ve found that helps is that if I can substitute “we two” or “the two of us” or “you and I” for “we,” then I know I should use the dual form. Same for the second person forms (“you two”) and third person forms (“those two”).<br />
<br />
As for the inconsistency in using the '''vocative''' ... well, let's just say that consultants like me don't have "creative control," and sometimes a bit of back-fitting is necessary. With the vocative, I've modified the rule so that it's obligatory when you're talking to people (including Eywa!) but optional when talking to animals. I think you get the point. ;-)</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon/2010/March-June&diff=2789Canon/2010/March-June2010-03-21T07:44:47Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: Created page with '=== Tag Question === ''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/ source]).'' Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangk…'</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Tag Question ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Dual and Vocative ===<br />
''Quoted by Will Txankamuse, March 6, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/info-on-duals-and-vocative/]).''<br />
<br />
The '''dual''' forms are expected with things that naturally come in pairs. So if you’re talking about your eyes, ears, feet, or hands, you should use those forms. “My eyes” is therefore “oeyä menari,” not “oeyä aynari.” (I know a little Hebrew, and I think that’s the case in Modern Hebrew as well.) But what if you wanted to say, “Many eyes were staring at him”? There I’d use the regular plural; “many two eyes” doesn’t make sense. (But I should ask my Israeli friends what happens in that case in Hebrew.)<br />
<br />
I agree that to say “I have two cars,” the dual shouldn’t be enforced.<br />
<br />
''[Will asked how to express the following]'' <br />
''Q: How many children do you have? (not using dual, because I don't know the answer)''<br />
''A: I have two.''<br />
''Q: How old are they? (now are you using the dual for 'they', or can you use the plural?)''<br />
<br />
As to pronouns, your hypothetical conversation is right on the beam: Once you’ve established that there are two kids, you should use the dual form. A useful guideline is this: If it’s natural to say “both” in English, then it’s likely you should use the dual in Na’vi. In the case of your conversation, the last speaker could have said, “How old are they both?” So s/he would probably use “mefo” for “they.”<br />
<br />
I myself have trouble remembering to use the dual form when two people are involved, especially in the first person. One thing I’ve found that helps is that if I can substitute “we two” or “the two of us” or “you and I” for “we,” then I know I should use the dual form. Same for the second person forms (“you two”) and third person forms (“those two”).<br />
<br />
As for the inconsistency in using the '''vocative''' ... well, let's just say that consultants like me don't have "creative control," and sometimes a bit of back-fitting is necessary. With the vocative, I've modified the rule so that it's obligatory when you're talking to people (including Eywa!) but optional when talking to animals. I think you get the point. ;-)</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon&diff=2788Canon2010-03-21T07:33:45Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''The Na'vi language canon''' is the complete collection of information about the Na'vi language provided by authoritative sources, namely Paul Frommer and the creators of ''Avatar'' (James Cameron and Twentieth Century Fox).<br />
<br />
The canon comprises two things:<br />
* words and phrases spoken or written in Na'vi<br />
* descriptions of the linguistic elements of Na'vi such as orthography, morphology, syntax, and grammar<br />
<br />
The Na'vi words and phrases from canonical sources are presented or linked to on the [[Corpus]] page (where copyright allows). Documentation, explanation, and analysis of Na'vi linguistics are presented on other Learn Na'vi wiki pages ([[Phonology]], [[Morphology]], [[Grammar]], etc.). This page serves to document the canonical sources themselves.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
This page includes information dated '''Dec 2009 - Feb 2010'''. <br />
To access '''more recent information''' please see [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Epistles_from_Karyu_Pawl_2010_March_-_June Epistles from Karyu Pawl 2010 March - June].'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
== List of Canonical Sources ==<br />
<br />
The canonical material we have available to date includes:<br />
* The film ''Avatar''<br />
* The Activist Survival Guide<br />
* Paul Frommer's post to Language Log and his later reply to comments there<br />
* The media interviews Frommer has given (mostly around the release of the movie)<br />
* Private correspondence between Frommer and people interested in his language<br />
* The form letter Frommer emailed to his many correspondents in late 2009 and early 2010<br />
* The out-of-office auto-reply message Frommer set up during the semester break in December 2009<br />
* A partial page of Na'vi dialog from ''Avatar'' used by Sam Worthington ("Jake Sully"), as seen in close-up during a behind-the-scenes video released by Fox<br />
* "A Message From Paul" - his message to the Na'vi language community on January 21, 2010<br />
* The [http://forum.learnnavi.org/mgallery/?sa=item;id=56 materials he prepared] for the March 5 Good Morning America spot<br />
<br />
== Commercial Sources ==<br />
<br />
The film ''Avatar'' ([http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/ IMDB link]) contains numerous examples of both human and Na'vi characters speaking in Na'vi. Some of the Na'vi dialog is subtitled in English (or in the local language where ''Avatar'' has been released in non-English-speaking countries).<br />
<br />
''Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora'' aka "The Activist Survival Guide" or "ASG" ([http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061896756?ie=UTF8&tag=sebaswolff-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0061896756 Amazon link], [http://browseinside.harpercollins.com/index.aspx?isbn13=9780061896750 Browsable link from publisher]) is an official companion book to the movie. It includes a Na'vi-English word list and two Na'vi songs with English translations. It also includes an account of animal and plant life containing some "Na'vi" words that violate what we know of Na'vi phonetics.<br />
<br />
== Na'vi Dialog for Jake ==<br />
<br />
From a Fox-authorized video on YouTube, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11DLOVLj8xo Avatar The Movie James Cameron Avatar The Movie Behind The Scenes Making The Movie 2]. There's a brief video close-up of some of Jake's Na'vi dialog, "Na'vi Dialog for Jake - 3-13-2007." The stress accent is marked with the underline. See also [http://i46.tinypic.com/29ekdqr.png this still-frame image] from the video. See [[Corpus#Behind the Scenes|the Corpus page]] for a transcription. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/vocab-phrases/behind-the-scenes-navi-dialog-for-jake/msg37036/#msg37036 this forum thread] for discussion. Since the dialog is Jake's, there is some concern the sentences may not be perfectly grammatical.<br />
<br />
== Interviews with Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
Shortly before and after ''Avatar's'' release, Paul Frommer gave interviews to several media outlets in which he discussed the Na'vi language and its use in the film. He provided some examples of the language (written in print interviews, spoken in audio and video interviews). He also explained some of its unusual features and talked generally about how the language was developed and the work he did for the film. As the interviews and media stories were intended for general audiences, they provide little detailed information about Na'vi linguistics.<br />
<br />
A complete list of Frommer's media appearances is on the [[Resources]] page ([[Resources#Media_Stories_About_the_Na.27vi_Language_-_Print|Print]]; [[Resources#Media_Stories_About_the_Na.27vi_Language_-_Audio_and_Video|Audio and Video]]).<br />
<br />
== Paul Frommer's Language Log Post ==<br />
<br />
On December 19, 2009 (the day after ''Avatar's'' release) Paul Frommer made a guest post on the linguistics blog [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/ Language Log] titled [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 "Some highlights of Na’vi"]. In that post, he provided an extensive but by no means complete description of the Na'vi language covering phonetics and phonology, word classes and morphology, and syntax. The blog post attracted many comments, and on December 21 Frommer posted a reply addressing many of them, providing clarifications and some additional information about the language.<br />
<br />
To date, Frommer's post remains the largest single ''direct'' source of information about Na'vi linguistics. A great deal of additional information has been learned by analyzing the [[Corpus]], and Frommer has provided additional information in smaller amounts as described elsewhere on this page, but the Language Log post provided the foundation upon which our understanding of Na'vi has been built.<br />
<br />
== Public Email From Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
In late December 2009 and early January 2010, Paul Frommer began replying to his many email correspondents with a form letter, reproduced here from [http://forum.learnnavi.org/website-info/message-from-dr-frommer/ this post] on the [http://forum.learnnavi.org/ Learn Na'vi forum]:<br />
<br />
<blockquote><br />
Kaltxì, and thanks for your interest in Na’vi.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
The enthusiastic response to the language has been very gratifying. I wish I could answer all your e-mails personally, but the volume has been staggering, so I hope you’ll forgive this generic message.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Irayo to everyone who thanked me for the effort and wished me well. It’s been a privilege to be involved in something as extraordinary as “Avatar,” and I couldn’t be happier that people feel my contribution added to the film.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
For those who have expressed interest in learning the language, thank you! The way Na’vi will live and grow is for enthusiasts like yourselves to take it up and expand it beyond its present boundaries. I hope that not too long from now there will be learning tools available to make that possible. Film consultants like me, however, don’t own the rights to the products or services we provide, so I can’t put out any such materials on my own—they’ll have to be in cooperation with the people who brought you “Avatar.” We’ve already begun thinking about that, and I hope that some official form of “Learn Na’vi!” will soon be available to the public.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
In the meantime, a number of people have put up unofficial web sites talking about various aspects of Na’vi. Some of those are quite good, others are only speculative, and still others are highly inaccurate. The Wikipedia article on Na’vi, although not a complete description of the language, is well done and reliable.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu. See you again, and may Eywa be with you.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Paul Frommer<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
Around the same time period, during semester break at the University of Southern California where he teaches, correspondents emailing Frommer received an out-of-office auto-reply message which included the following sign-off:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>Ayftozä lefpom ayngaru nìwotx! Happy Holidays to You All!</blockquote><br />
<br />
== A Message From Paul ==<br />
<br />
On January 20, Paul Frommer sent a message to the Na'vi language community expressing his appreciation for the community's interest in the language. The message was sent as Na'vi text, English text, and audio of Frommer speaking the message in Na'vi. Frommer also provided a version of the text marked for stress.<br />
<br />
To date, this message is the largest single authoritative example of written and spoken Na'vi (other than the film dialog, for which there are no canonical Na'vi transcriptions). Consisting of fourteen sentences, many of them lengthy and complex, the message contained previously unseen grammatical constructs and added many new words to the Na'vi lexicon. Frommer signed the message ''"Your friend and teacher, Paul."''<br />
<br />
The message can be [http://masempul.org/upxare-niinglisi/ read and heard in its entirety] at the site [http://masempul.org masempul.org]. The stress-marked version is on the [[Corpus]] page at [[Corpus#A_Message_From_Paul|A Message From Paul]].<br />
<br />
== Private Correspondence With Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
Many people interested in learning more about Na'vi have sent questions to Paul Frommer. Frommer is not always able to reply, but he has on several occasions given answers which have provided greater insight into the language. Some of those answers have been shared with the Na'vi language community; those answers are documented here.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>'''Note:''' ''communication between Dr. Frommer and his correspondents is inherently private.'' How much of that communication to share, and whether to share anything at all, is a personal decision. No one should ever feel obligated to share anything, and no one should ever expect or demand that others do so.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
'''Note also:''' ''Dr. Frommer is a party in these communications, and his privacy must be respected as well.'' If you have received something from Dr. Frommer and are considering sharing it with the community, '''do not do so''' until you are confident that he has no objections.</blockquote><br />
<br />
If you have new information from Dr. Frommer about the Na'vi language that has not been published elsewhere, '''and''' you are comfortable sharing it, '''and''' you are certain that he does not mind you doing so, then (and only then) please consider making it available to the Na'vi community so that it can become part of the canon and improve everyone's knowledge.<br />
<br />
If you do publish your correspondence, please only publish the parts that are directly related to the Na'vi language, such as new words and phrases or new grammatical rules. Post excerpts only. Leave out anything that might be a personal matter for either you or Dr. Frommer. When possible, post direct quotations from Dr. Frommer so that we can all see what his exact words and intentions are. When you are not comfortable giving direct quotes, a summary or paraphrase is still valuable and welcome, but take care to not present your own interpretation as his words.<br />
<br />
=== Extracts from various emails ===<br />
''Added by roger. Dates are date of answer by Frommer''<br />
<br />
;Dec 15<br />
:'''Kaltxì ngaru.'''<br />
<br />
;Dec 18<br />
''on monosyllabic verbs''<br />
<br />
:And yes, you can see where ''längu'' comes from. ''Lu,'' as you know, is ‘to be.’ So you have inflected forms like ''lolu, leru, layu,'' etc. Those are all with 1st position infixes. Of course you can also have forms like ''lereiu, lolängu,'' etc.<br />
<br />
:One thing I didn’t mention in the post is that whatever vowel receives stress in the root retains that stress in the inflected forms. So all of these forms of ''lu'' are stressed on the last syllable.<br />
<br />
;Dec 21<br />
:Glad you liked the x-digraphs. I'm not thrilled about digraphs in general (as I've indicated, I really wanted to use c instead of ts, as Pinyin does, and g instead of ng, as in Pago Pago), but using them here seemed to be the best choice. Since the apostrophe already meant a glottal stop, trying to use it for the ejectives as well would have resulted in ambiguities: would a sequence like hap'a indicate an ejective (i.e., ha-pxa) or a p closing one syllable followed by a glottal stop opening another (hap-'a)? They're not the same thing! <br />
<br />
;Dec 27<br />
''on why ''le''-adjectives don't take ''a,'' and on ergative case with ''futa''<br />
<br />
:The one time you don't need to use the adjectival ''a'' is with ''le-'' adjectives that follow the noun. (Having two consecutive markers in a row relating to adjectives seemed redundant. Also, I bet the ''a + le-'' combination would tend to decay over time on phonological grounds.) It's not wrong to put in the ''a'' in such cases, but it can be optionally omitted, and usually is.<br />
<br />
:If a ''le-'' adjective precedes its noun, however, you need the ''a.''<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:'''ayftxozä lefpom'''<br />
:'''ayftxozä alefpom'''<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>lefpom ayftxozä<br />
:'''lefpoma ayftxozä'''<br />
<br />
:As for ''futa'' and ''oel'':<br />
<br />
:''Futa'' is a contraction of ''fì'ut a. Fì'u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction.' Here it has the objective (or "patientive") marker ''t.''<br />
<br />
:The idea is that ''fpìl'' 'think' is transitive: you think SOMETHING, which is a thought. (It's transitive in the same way that "create" is transitive: you bring something, the object created, into being.) The a is just the usual "modifying a," as in the adjective examples above.<br />
<br />
:So the sense is, "I thought this thing, (namely) that . . . " And therefore ''oel'' is in the agentive or ergative case, while ''fì'ut'' is in the objective or patientive case.<br />
<br />
;Dec 28<br />
''I also take it that "N le-ADJ lu" is ambiguous between attributive adj. w existential vb and predicative adj. w copula. ... I assume <arm> is <a<er>m> PST.IMPV''<br />
<br />
:Right. I don't think that's a problem, but if need be, a speaker could disambiguate by including the a (optional here) for the attributive case and postposing the adjective after the copula for the predicative case.<br />
<br />
''Are the esses in ''slu'' and ''sìltsan'' related?''<br />
<br />
:As for ''slu/lu,'' I haven't developed anything like a consistent s-derivation. (I could think about that, though.) The ''sìltsan/nìltsan'' pair isn't related—''nìltsan'' is simply a development of *nìsìltsan, which I think could be natural. I wanted to avoid a 3-syllable word for 'well'!<br />
<br />
:Good guesses about ''-arm-'' and ''-iv-.'' ;-)<br />
<br />
;Dec 31<br />
''In ''Tsakrr nga Na'viru yomtìyìng'' "then you will feed the People", shouldn't ''nga'' be in the ergative?''<br />
<br />
:You'd think the verb is transitive, which would require the ergative case. But ''yomtìyìng'' 'feed' is from ''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give.' So there's no DO, and the verb is thought of intransitively, along the lines of 'engage in eat-giving.' ''Na'viru,'' as you know, is in the dative. So the whole thing is rather like, "Then you will engage in (or do) eat-giving to/for the people." There's a whole class of verbs that work on a similar principle.<br />
<br />
:To say "you feed the people meat," you need a different structure. It would probably just be with the verb ''tìng,'' where 'you' is ergative/agentive, 'meat' objective/patientive, and 'the people' dative.<br />
<br />
:A bit odd, perhaps, but I think it works.<br />
<br />
:'''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'''<br />
<br />
;Dec 31, on the SG<br />
:You're quite right that the words you've listed below are not at all in keeping with Na'vi phonology. I've never seen them before.<br />
<br />
:As for ''aylaberu,'' the ''b'' should be an ''h.''<br />
<br />
;Jan 07<br />
:'''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 09<br />
:There's no -ev- infix. The line from the film "Let her walk among us . . ." is:<br />
<br />
:'''Tivìran po ayoekip . . .'''<br />
<br />
:(Walk: ''tìran.'' The infix ''-iv-'' is subjunctive, here an "optative." Po is used for he/she unless it's desirable to make a gender distinction--e.g. to avoid ambiguity in discourse.)<br />
<br />
:About the movie dialog: Keep in mind that there's variation in all languages. Some of it is due to dialectal differences, some to performance errors, some to fast-speech phenomena . . . In other words, it's not necessarily the case that everything you hear in the movie theater prefectly represents standard, canonical Na'vi. Also, remember that Jake, Grace, and Norm speak Na'vi as a second language! It would be especially unrealistic to expect them to be perfect.<br />
<br />
:As for ''ko,'' I don't know any Japanese but I did have in mind Mandarin ba, a sentence-final particle glossed by Li and Thompson as "solicit agreement." Typical translations of ba are: "Don't you think so?" "Wouldn't you agree?" "Let's . . ." "Why don't you . . ." "I'll do X, OK?" I've used ko for all such things, maybe a bit more widely than ba.<br />
<br />
;Jan 19<br />
:'''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
''Why is there no overt SBRD w modals?''<br />
:That's how I've been handling want, can, and must: via a simple, shorter structure, where the subject in the main clause is considered intransitive, and there's no overt subject in the subordinate clause if they're identical:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä.''' 'I want to go.'<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä.''' 'I can go.'<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä.''' 'I must go.'<br />
:(Different word orders are possible in all of these, of course: '''Zene oe kivä,''' etc.)<br />
<br />
:So in these cases, the ''-iv-'' form of the verb functions somewhat like an infinitive. (But never like a gerund!)<br />
<br />
:You can also use the longer form:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (oe) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:But that's less common.<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
:Oh, btw, for ''pxeeveng'' etc. . . . Yeah, you're right. It should contract to '''pxeveng.''' (Likewise for *meeveng > '''meveng.''') I've gone back and forth on the contraction question when two identical vowels naturally come together as they do here. I should be consistent. <br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
''So, what if the verb after the modal is transitive?''<br />
:If the 2nd verb has the same subject as the first, it's pretty straightforward:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new yivom teylut.''' 'I want to eat teylu.'<br />
<br />
:(Back in the dark ages when I had my first syntax courses, that would have been termed an instance of equi-NP deletion.)<br />
<br />
[section on when the subject differs removed for the time being]<br />
<br />
;Jan 21<br />
''Do we get that long form w other modals?''<br />
<br />
:No, with ''tsun'' and ''zene,'' the plain subjunctive is the only possibility.<br />
<br />
;Jan 20, <br />
''on our proofreading of his message''<br />
:'''Eylanur oeyä Kwami sì Prrton . . .'''<br />
<br />
:''Ma Kwami:''<br />
<br />
:'''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!''' [ ''flä'' = 'succeed' ]<br />
<br />
:Just a couple of things to adjust:<br />
<br />
:''yawn'' is not actually the verb 'love.' Rather, '''yawne'' means 'beloved.' (For the noun, the ''e'' has dropped. Happens a lot.) So . . . how would you say 'I love you?' :-)<br />
<br />
:'Work' needs some explanation, which I'll provide when I have a bit more time. Hint: '''kan''' is the verb meaning 'aim.'<br />
<br />
:'Best' is simply ''swey.''<br />
<br />
:Rule is '''koren'''. If it were ''horen,'' then there would be no short form for the plural—you'd have to say ''ayhoren.''<br />
<br />
:''Ma Prrton:''<br />
<br />
:'''Ngal oeyä 'upxaret aysuteru fpole' a fì'uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!''<br />
<br />
:(Alternately: ''Furia ngal . . . fpole', ngaru . . . '')<br />
<br />
:[I'm debating whether standard punctuation should include the comma.]<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
:''Eywa'evengä'' is OK. ''Eywa'eveng'' = Pandora, lit. 'child of Eywa.' Jim's coinage, not mine. (He has the right!) But it works as a compound. <br />
<br />
;Jan 21<br />
''on our guesses for 'I love you'''<br />
<br />
:Re "love": The "indirect" way is correct.<br />
<br />
:I've been playing around with word orders to come up with the most euphonious version. For me, it's:<br />
<br />
:'''Nga yawne lu oer.'''<br />
<br />
:Five syllables (sentence stress on YAWN, of course), not too long . . . sounds good, I think. The laudatory infix (as someone has dubbed it) ''-ie-'' is possible but not necessary, and I've been omitting it here. "Love" itself is positive enough that it's probably redundant, and all other things being equal, shorter is better.<br />
<br />
:As for the sentence with ''tìyawn si,'' yes, that might mean something different. I'll have to think about it!<br />
<br />
:OK, here's a grammatical point I haven't yet talked about explicitly:<br />
<br />
:"Si constructions" have a special syntax. They're considered intransitive--a bit strange, perhaps, but reasonable, I think. That is, "X si" is thought of as "engage in the X-activity," an intransitive concept. What would normally be considered the object is then in the dative, along the lines of, "engage in the X-activity to/for Y."<br />
<br />
:So rather than *Oel ngati tìyawn si," we have ''Oe ngaru tìyawn si.''<br />
<br />
:The literal, pidgen-English translation would be something like "I do loving to/for you."<br />
<br />
:As I said, I'll to think about the implications of that!<br />
<br />
:BTW, [...] I may have forgotten to mention this in the LL post, but the "pseudo-vowels" rr and ll only exist in open syllables. (If you see I've violated that anywhere, please let me know . . . it's not impossible.) [...] '''Lu ngeyä tìftxey!'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 21: <br />
''But the stress shift in ''oe'' would result in the consonant clusters ?/mw/ and ?/pxw/ in the pronouns.''<br />
<br />
:No new C-clusters! The phonotactics are [in]violable.<br />
<br />
:In the dual and trial, the stress on the ''oe'' element does not shift. So ''pxoengaru'' has 4 syllables.<br />
<br />
:In the 1st pers. dual inclusive, however, the problem doesn't arise, because there's no ''me-'' prefix. It's just "you (sg.) and me," i.e. naturally dual, so you don't need the marker. The forms are simply ''oeng'' (N.B.: no ''-a''), ''oengal, oengat(i),'' etc.<br />
<br />
;Jan 21: <br />
''How about ''Plltxe fko san X fyape nìNa'vi?'' or ''X sìk nìNa'vi plltxe fxo fyape?'' for "How do you say X in Na'vi?"''<br />
<br />
:There's an easier and more concise way:<br />
<br />
:'''X nìNa'vi slu upe?'''<br />
<br />
:(As you know, ''slu'' = 'become')<br />
<br />
:It's an example of a neat structure I adapted from Persian:<br />
<br />
:''X be-faarsi chi mishe?'' X in-Persian what becomes?<br />
<br />
:BTW, I've been thinking of '''san . . . sìk''' as correlatives, always occurring together. The only exception is if you're quoting someone and you end with material still in the quote. Then you don't have to say "unquote."<br />
<br />
''I'm not following.''<br />
<br />
:Well, let's see . . .<br />
<br />
:Suppose the sentence is, "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him."<br />
<br />
:Everything converts to direct speech, so it would be:<br />
<br />
:'''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw.'''<br />
<br />
:(Note: *pollltxe > ''poltxe'' )<br />
<br />
:But if it's simply "Eytukan said he would go," and you end your speech turn there, then it's not necessary to have the concluding ''sìk''—it's "understood."<br />
<br />
''Ah, okay. So "he said X" would use just ''san,'' "X he said" would use just ''sìk,'' right?''<br />
<br />
:Yes, "He said X" would just use ''san'' if you ended there and didn't continue.<br />
<br />
:As for whether "X he said" would only use ''sìk'' and omit the initial ''san'' . . . I think that depends.<br />
<br />
:Example:<br />
<br />
:Suppose in a conversation in English you said the following:<br />
<br />
:(1) "I'm planning to sell everything I have and move to Nepal, where I'm going to take up mountain climbing and flower arranging," he said.<br />
<br />
:Since your listeners can't see the quotation marks, would it be clear to them from the start that you're talking about someone else's plans, not your own? It probably depends heavily on the context. Come to think of it, though, (1) would be very unnatural in conversation, wouldn't it? You see that structure in written material all the time, but people don't speak that way. So "X he said" questions might be rare in discourse.<br />
<br />
''And it looks like only direct speech is allowed?''<br />
<br />
:Right.<br />
<br />
''In 'how do you say', was'' 'upe'' rather than ''upe'' a typo?''<br />
<br />
:Not a typo, a goof! It is of course'' 'upe,'' with stress on the first syllable. Thanks for the catch.<br />
<br />
:The other form, as you know, is ''peu,'' without the glottal stop, stress on the second.<br />
<br />
:So you can also have:<br />
<br />
:'''X nìNa'vi slu peu?'''<br />
<br />
:Either one is fine.<br />
<br />
;Jan 27 <br />
''on making a mistake:''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel foru fìaylì'ut tolìng a krr, kxawm oe harmahängaw.'''<br />
<br />
:[hahaw = sleep, stress on 1st]<br />
<br />
:[-arm- is one of the fused infixes that combine tense and aspect.]<br />
<br />
:'''Irayo nìmun.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 31<br />
''on asking how to say 'good night' ''<br />
<br />
:Let's make it '''txon lefpom.'''<br />
<br />
:''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)<br />
<br />
:A bit expected, perhaps, but I think it has a nice quality, with the two o's.<br />
<br />
:As you know, le- adjectives don't take "modifying a" when post-nominal.<br />
<br />
:The full version would be, "Txon lefpom livu ngar."<br />
<br />
;Feb 1<br />
''what's the diff tween 'vay' and 'mi'? ''<br />
<br />
:''Vay'' (ADP-) means 'up to.' It can be used in several senses, not just temporal: "He counted up to 35" or "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" (a line from one of the video games).<br />
<br />
:Note ''vaykrr'' (CONJ): until.<br />
<br />
''how is dropping the 'a' from 'taluna' and 'taweyka' affected by swapping clause order?''<br />
<br />
:Yes, good point--the 'a' can drop only if the construction is head first, with the reason clause following. There's precedent for that kind of thing, however. With le- adjectives, the 'a' drops when the adjective is post-nominal but not when it's pre-:<br />
<br />
:''txon lefpom<br />
:*lefpom txon<br />
:''lefpoma txon<br />
<br />
:I hadn't thought of ''atalun'' vs. ''alunta''! Interesting. Let me consider that, and whether it has implications for other conjunctions. For the time being, though, let's make the canonical form ''alunta.''<br />
<br />
=== Pronunciation of a ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;In your Language Log, you show in the trapezium that [a] is the low back vowel, in contrast to [æ]. Did you mean to say [ɑ]? I am aware that you use an old American system.<br />
<br />
:I meant [a], a low central vowel; essentially the corresponding vowel in Spanish and Italian, or in the standard American pronunciation of 'hot.' So you're right: phonetically it's not really back.<br />
<br />
=== Transitivity ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
'''Is transitivity lexically marked: you've shown that 'promise' is ditransitive in the guide, but what about the other words? Will you be showing us how to do this soon?'''<br />
<br />
:Well, I've been pretty much leaving it up to the semantics to determine what's transitive and what's not, when it's clear. "Sleep" is clearly intransitive, for example; "kill" is clearly transitive. So I don't need to annotate those in the lexicon. For verbs like 'begin,' however, you have to be told which one you're talking about. So for those, I've indicated the type in the complete glossary. Until that's published, let me know what's not obvious and I'll get back to you.<br />
<br />
=== Monosyllabic Stress ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;I've noticed in a shot of a script that you stress monosyllabic words when they have an inflection (and therefore are polysyllabic), but not otherwise. Should all monosyllabic words be stressed normally?<br />
<br />
:Yes indeed. I underlined the stressed syllables in polysyllabic words for the actors, so they could pronounce their lines correctly. I've done that in the glossary too for all polysyllabic words.<br />
<br />
:The rule for inflected verbs is that whatever vowel is stressed in the root keeps its stress in the inflected form. So for example, the root for hunt, as you know, is '''taron''', stress on the first syllable. So all the inflected forms retain stress on the original a of the root: '''tivaron, tolaron, tayarängon,''' etc. Cf. '''pängkxo''' "chat, converse," where the stress on the ultima. The stress stays there in the inflected forms: '''pivängkxo, polängkxo, payängkxängo'''.<br />
<br />
=== sä- Prefix ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;Is '''sänume''' indicative of a '''sä'''- nomilinalizer to show the instrument of the verb?<br />
<br />
:The '''sä'''- prefix is a bit of a loose end. So far I only have one example of it in the lexicon: '''nume''' "learn" vs. '''sänume''' "teaching, instruction." You're right: I was thinking of it as something like an instrumental affix: instruction is the thing BY MEANS OF WHICH you learn. On that basis, since '''mun'i''' is the verb "cut," '''sämun'i''' could be a word for a general cutting instrument. I'll need to think more about that, however, since I'm not sure these two cases are comparable. In the second case, you have a concrete instrument, which must be present in order to implement the verb. With '''nume''', though, you can learn by other means than teaching: from experience, from trial and error, etc. So should '''sänume''' refer to any means whatsoever of learning something? I'm not sure yet. Thanks for the question!<br />
<br />
=== Verb Phrases as Objects ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
'''If a verb is understood to be transitive (depending on your answer above), when the direct object is replaced by a verb phrase, is the subject still marked as ergative? Essentially, which is more correct: Oe new pivlltxe or Oel new pivlltxe?<br />
<br />
:Good question.<br />
<br />
:First note that for "can" and "must," the subject is considered intransitive:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä'''. 'I can go.' (NOT *'''Oel tsun kivä'''.)<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä'''. 'I must go.' (NOT *'''Oel zene kivä'''.)<br />
<br />
:"Want" MAY follow the same pattern:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä'''. (That is, it patterns like a modal.)<br />
<br />
:But since want, unlike can and must, is a transitive verb, there's an alternate pattern:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (= fì'ut a) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:And you also have sentences like:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'''. "I want Taronyu to go."<br />
<br />
:So in the sentences you asked about, '''Oe new pivlltxe''' is fine. In one with '''oel''', though, insert '''futa'''.<br />
<br />
''Later in the same message:''<br />
<br />
:BTW, let's take a look at your sentence again:<br />
<br />
:(1) '''Oel new pivlltxe nìNa'vi mì oeyä letrra tìrey, (2) slä oel tsun pivey (3) trrit a ngat taying (oe new tìying!) ayoe nì'ul aylì'u!'''<br />
<br />
:(1) and (2) are virtually perfect: just change oel to oe in both cases. I like letrr for daily! I'll add that to the glossary, with RL in the Source column. :-)<br />
<br />
:(3), though, needs a little help. Are you awaiting "the day that you will give us more words?" If so, the verb for "give" is '''tìng''', so it should be:<br />
<br />
:'''trrit a nga tayìng''' (or, hopefully, '''tìyìng''') '''ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul'''.<br />
<br />
:But if I've misinterpreted you, please let me know.<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps!<br />
<br />
''In a follow-up message:''<br />
<br />
:At the end of my previous e-mail:<br />
<br />
:Let's make that--<br />
<br />
:trrit a NGAL tayìng (or, hopefully, tìyìng) ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul.<br />
<br />
:Kxeyeyri tsap'alute sengi oe. [kxeyey = mistake, error]<br />
<br />
=== Auxilary verb SI ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;Can "si" be a verb on its own, or is it always paired with something else?<br />
: Your intuitions are right. Si is only an auxiliary verb--it needs to be paired with something else. If you ant the main verb 'make,' for example, you need a different lexical item, like txula (stress on 1st) 'build, construct' or ngop 'create.'<br />
<br />
: About the only time si stands alone is when the non-verbal element has already been mentioned and is understood from the discourse:<br />
<br />
: --Nga tsap'alute soli srak?<br />
: --Soli.<br />
<br />
:(Or: Srane, soli.)<br />
=== Dative + copula possessive ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;We have seen examples of the dative and copula used for possession of abstract concepts and states, can it be used for physical possession too?<br />
: This can definitely indicate physical possession. In fact, that's the only way to express the concept of "having" in Na'vi--there's no verb 'have.'<br />
<br />
: But contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, "have" constructions usually begin with the verb. So "I have an ikran" is: Lu oeru ikran. Here, lu has the force of 'there is.'<br />
<br />
: BTW, the inspiration for this was Hebrew, which does something similar: Yesh li sefer (there-is to-me book), i.e. I have a book. The difference is that Hebrew has no copula in the present tense, so it needs a special word for there-is/are. Na'vi just uses the ordinary copula for this construction.<br />
=== Krr: noun vs adverb ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;The uses of "krr" we have seen seem to use it as a temporal adjunct more than a noun, is this a correct analysis?<br />
: Right again. Krr is a noun, but it can also be used adverbially. So tsakrr isn't just 'that time'; it's also (and more commonly) 'AT that time' or 'then.' Likewise kawkrr 'never' and frakrr 'always' are commonly used as time adverbials.<br />
<br />
: If you add a modifying clause to adverbial krr, linked of course with a, you get a "when" clause:<br />
<br />
: Ngeyä Tireaioang zola'u a krr, law layu ngaru. 'When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know.'<br />
: (Lit.: At the time that your Spirit Animal has come, it will be clear to you.)<br />
=== Causality ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;How do you express causality?<br />
: Longish story, which I'll tell another time. (There's a causative infix . . . )<br />
<br />
=== Vocabulary and <iyev> ===<br />
''Quoted by suomichris, January 30, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/my-dictionary/msg66920/#msg66920 source]).''<br />
<br />
:<u>frr</u>fen (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)<br />
:Cf. frrtu = guest<br />
:te<u>ri</u> (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP- . . . that is, an adposition that doesn't trigger lenition)<br />
:letsunslu = possible<br />
<br />
:The -iyev- infix, which I think you asked about before, is a "fused" form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive.<br />
<br />
=== Numerals ===<br />
''Quoted by Nayumeie, January 30, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/email-from-frommer-re-numbers-(or-the-full-number-chart!)/ source])<br />
:Kaltxì ma oeyä 'eylan Nayumeie,<br />
:Ngeyä pxesìpawmìri ngaru seiyi oe irayo.<br />
:'Awa tìpawmìri 'iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng.<br />
:[zusawkrr = future; in the future]<br />
<br />
:Numbers!<br />
:I have a nice complete chart, but it wouldn't be cool if I simply attached it, as I'm sure you understand. Let me convey the essence, however, in a different form.<br />
<br />
:The system, as you know, is octal:<br />
<br />
:'aw, mune, pxey, tsìng, mrr, pukap, kinä, vol<br />
:volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng, vomrr, vofu, vohin, mevol<br />
:mevolaw, mevomun, . . ., pxevol<br />
:pxevolaw, pxevomun, . . ., tsìvol<br />
:mrrvol<br />
:puvol<br />
:kivol<br />
:zam ( = 64, or 100 octal)<br />
:vozam ( = 512, or 1000 octal)<br />
:zazam ( = 4096, or 10000 octal)<br />
<br />
:First line above: In disyllables, stress is on the 1st.<br />
:Second line above: In disyllables, stress is on the 2nd, except for mevol.<br />
:Third line: Stress on the final syllables, except for pxevol.<br />
:Etc.<br />
<br />
:That should be enough for you to figure out the rest.<br />
:Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu,<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Fused -iv- Infixes ===<br />
''Quoted by suomichris, January 30, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/ source])<br />
:''Ngeyä txantsana tìpawmìri ngaru seiyi oe irayo.''<br />
<br />
:[txantsan = excellent]<br />
<br />
:A number of people have asked about this, so let me explain:<br />
<br />
:There's a small class of "fused" infixes that combine the common -iv- subjunctive/dependent verb infix with those that indicate tense and aspect. It goes like this:<br />
<br />
:PRESENT IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + IMPERFECT -er- --> -irv-<br />
:PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + PERFECT -ol- --> -ilv-<br />
:PAST SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + PAST PROXIMATE -ìm- or PAST GENERAL -am- --> -imv-<br />
<br />
:I think you can see what's happening here: the CONSONANT of the tense or aspect infix is shoved into the middle of the -iv- infix--an infix in an infix, if you will.<br />
<br />
:With the future subjunctive, there's a slight complication:<br />
<br />
:FUTURE SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + FUTURE PROXIMATE -ìy- or FUTURE GENERAL -ay- --> *-iyv-<br />
<br />
:The problem is that although a syllable can end with r, l, or m, it can't end with y (unless it's part of a diphthong, which iy is not). That would violate the phonotactic constraints of Na'vi. So an epenthetic vowel comes to the rescue: -iyev-<br />
<br />
:An alternate form of this fused infix has arisen: -ìyev-. As an instance of vowel harmony (rare in Na'vi), the high front tense vowel i has become lax (ì) under the influence of the lax vowel e in the following syllable. Both -iyve- and -ìyev- are acceptable.<br />
<br />
:So that's a very long-winded explanation of why Kìyevame means: "May (we) See (each other again) in the future."<br />
<br />
:''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì'eyng law livu ngar!''<br />
<br />
''Follow-up email correcting a typo, January 31, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/msg68133/#msg68133 source])''<br />
<br />
:Ma oeyä eylan,<br />
<br />
:Tsap'alute, mì upxare a fpole' oel ayngaru trram lu kxeyey:<br />
<br />
:KEYAWR:<br />
:Both -iyve- and -ìyev- are acceptable<br />
<br />
:EYAWR:<br />
:Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable<br />
<br />
:Irayo 'eylanur awngeyä Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun.<br />
<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
''Subsequent email regarding "rolun", summarized by suomichris ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/msg68387/#msg68387 source]):'' "Just heard back from Frommer. ''run'' means 'find, discover.'"<br />
<br />
=== Midsummer Night's Dream Vocabulary ===<br />
''Quoted by Kiliyä, January 31, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/midsummer-nights-dream-vocab-from-karyu-atxantsan-pawl/ source])<br><br />
Note: stress marking is by Kiliyä based on unquoted notes from Frommer. Kiliyä: "I have assumed that syllables in words start with a consonant, and that -wrr is the syllable's boundry in mungwrr (from munge + wrrpa, "brought outside"?) rather than mu.ngwrr."<br />
<br />
:Let me answer some of your vocabulary questions:<br />
<br />
:sweet = ka<u>lin</u><br />
:tongue = ftxì<br />
:air = ya<br />
:bud = <u>prr</u>nesyul<br />
<br />
:<u>prr</u>nen = infant, baby<br />
:<u>syu</u>lang = flower<br />
:So "bud" is an obvious compound. (Components are often truncated in Na'vi compounds.)<br />
<br />
:sick = spxin<br />
:disease = sä<u>spxin</u><br />
:the state of being ill = tì<u>spxin</u><br />
<br />
:yet, still = mi<br />
<br />
:except = mung<u>wrr</u> ADP- (that is, an adposition that doesn't trigger lenition)<br />
<br />
:game = u<u>van</u><br />
:to play = uvan si<br />
:metal (in general) = fngap<br />
<br />
:No words yet for horned, moon, favor, nor, judge/judgment. I'll be thinking about those. (I'm not sure if Pandora even has moons in its sky. Can you have a moon going around a moon?)<br />
<br />
:For "nor," you may be able to get around it by using "or" (fu) with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B.<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps!<br />
<br />
:Feel free to share any of this...<br />
<br />
=== Some Conjunctions and Adverbs ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, February 1, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/talun-taweyk-tafral-lun-oeyk-holpxay-hol/msg69552/ source])<br />
<br />
:As for "because":<br />
<br />
:'''Talun''' [ta smukan Skyinou] is almost exactly one of the words I came up with! I had come up with '''taluna''', from '''ta''' + '''lun''' (reason) + '''a''', in keeping with the idea that the clause following "because" is modifying the head noun '''lun''', so that '''"a"''' is required. But I can see that over time the final a could drop . . . so I'm happy to parenthesize it in the glossary: talun(a).<br />
<br />
:There's a related word '''oeyk''' (2 syllables, stress on the 2nd) meaning 'cause.' The corresponding conjunction is '''taweyka''' (with the obvious small sound changes). And in keeping with the above argument, I'll go with '''taweyk(a)'''.<br />
<br />
:So it's talun(a) or taweyk(a), which are pretty much synonyms. Take your pick!<br />
<br />
:By the way, a related word is '''tafral''', meaning 'therefore, because of that.' (The derivation is probably pretty clear.) It's an adverb, unlike '''talun(a)''' and '''taweyk(a)''', which are conjunctions.<br />
<br />
:Perfect analysis of '''sìlpey'''', comparing it to '''ralpeng'''. Yup, that's it! [(tìlaw ta Prrton)meaning that they inflect on the verbal stems pey and peng and not on sìl- or ral-.]<br />
<br />
:And speaking of Neytiri's and Jake's eveng . . . and '''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä''' . . . that's one for JC to figure out. <g><br />
<br />
:'''hol''' = few.<br />
<br />
=== Reflexives and Naming ===<br />
''Quoted by Tiriuä, February 1, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/the-reflexive-(from-a-frommer-email!!!!)/ source])<br />
<br />
:Kaltxì ma oeyä 'eylan,<br />
<br />
:Thanks for the questions, Jake. (Good name for someone who likes Avatar!)<br />
<br />
:I guess I haven't mentioned anything about the reflexive yet. Here's a quick explanation:<br />
<br />
:The reflexive is formed with an infix -äp- that's in "pre-first" position--that is, it comes before the familiar infixes in first position.<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:I see myself. = Oe tsäpe'a.<br />
<br />
:Note: There's no pronoun "myself"--all you need is the infix. And it's oe, not oel.<br />
<br />
:You've seen yourself. = Nga tsäpole'a.<br />
<br />
:Be careful to keep the stress in the original place. Since for tse'a the stress is on the final a, that's where it stays in all the inflected forms.<br />
<br />
:They'll see themselves. = (Ay)fo tsäpaye'a.<br />
<br />
:wash = yur<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:I wash myself. = Oe yäpur.<br />
:I'm washing myself. = Oe yäperur.<br />
<br />
:Tslolam srak? :-)<br />
<br />
:As for "My name is . . ."<br />
<br />
:You COULD say<br />
<br />
:Tstxo oeyä lu ___.<br />
<br />
:tstxo = name<br />
<br />
:But that's not the idiomatic way to say it. Instead, you say "They call me . . ." (which is of course common in many earth languages as well).<br />
<br />
:The grammar here is tricky:<br />
<br />
:Oeru syaw fko ___.<br />
<br />
:Things to note:<br />
<br />
:syaw 'call' is intransitive: you call TO someone. That's why it's fko, not fkol, and oeru, not oeti. (Fko, as I think you know, means 'one' or 'they' in the general sense.) The actual name as almost like an adverb in this construction: To say "My name is Jake," you actually say something like, "They call to me in a Jake way." :-)<br />
<br />
:The question, by the way, is:<br />
<br />
:Fyape fko syaw ngar?<br />
<br />
:Literally: How does one call you?<br />
<br />
:So a typical little conversation is:<br />
<br />
:--Fyape fko syaw ngar?<br />
:--Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?<br />
:--Oeru syaw Tseyk.<br />
<br />
:In the last sentence, "fko" is understood. You could actually leave it out in the 2nd sentences as well. Ngar and ngaru are used interchangeably--pick the one you think sounds better in its position. And "tut" is a "particle of continuation"--here you'd translate "ngaru tut" as "And how about you?"<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps! Feel free to share . . .<br />
<br />
:Kìyevame.<br />
<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Art-related Vocabulary ===<br />
''Quoted by Skxawng ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/art-related-vocab/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Law lu oeru fwa nga mì reltseo nolume nìtxan!<br />
<br />
:[fwa = fì'u a<br />
:rel = image, picture<br />
:reltseo = visual art<br />
:law = clear]<br />
<br />
''and also:''<br />
<br />
:Ma Pìraysì,<br />
<br />
:Tewti!!!<br />
<br />
:Rel oeyä na uniltìranyu lor lu nìngay! Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!<br />
<br />
:[reltseotu = artist<br />
:txantsan = excellent]<br />
<br />
''A followup regarding '''tu''',''<br />
<br />
:About -tu vs. -yu: You're right--"yu" is an ending for a verb, converting it into the doer or agent, similar to English -er. "Tu," on the other hand, is short for "tute," person (as in Tawtute), and is generally used with parts of speech other than verbs.<br />
<br />
:So: for "reltseo" (as you know, rel 'image, picture' + tseo 'art'), we get "reltseotu," 'artist (lit. picture-art-person)'.<br />
<br />
:Likewise, from pamtseo 'music' we get pamtseotu, 'musician'.<br />
<br />
=== Atan Is Illumination ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/atan-lucet-in-tenebris/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Atan is a noun meaning “light” in the sense of “source of illumination.” It’s Jim Cameron’s word, actually. I don’t yet have a word for “light = not heavy”—“light” and “heavy” would be good ones to come up with.<br />
<br />
=== Participles ===<br />
''Quoted by roger ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/participles/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Keruseya tute vs. ke rey a tute (don't attach the ke or a, since rey is a finite verb) is parallel to "dead (= non-living) person" vs. "person who doesn't live OR isn't alive" in English. Semantically they seem pretty much the same [...].<br />
<br />
:Note the Avatar line (which I don't believe made it into the final version of the film):<br />
<br />
:Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska'a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet.<br />
<br />
:'The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock.'<br />
<br />
:Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap. 'A hunting thanator is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
:Palulukan a teraron lu lehrrap. 'A thanator that's hunting is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
=== February 16 2010 Combo ===<br />
''Quoted by Wm Anns'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/combined-answers-1-(feb-16)/ source])<br />
<br />
==== Indirect Question "Where" ====<br />
<br />
1. Is this correct: po kä a tseng(ne) ke tsìme'a oel I didn't see where s/he was going.<br />
<br />
:No, it's not. But it raises in interesting question.<br />
<br />
:The error is in the case of "tseng(e)." The structure has to be, "I didn't see the place that s/he was going (to)," so we're essentially dealing with a relative clause. "Place" is in the matrix sentence, so it should be marked as an object. Changing the word order for clarity (which doesn't really affect anything) . . .<br />
<br />
:Oel tsìme'a tsenget/tsengit [depending on whether you like tseng or tsenge for 'place'] a . . .<br />
<br />
:But what's the RC? The place THAT S/HE WAS GOING or the place THAT S/HE WAS GOING TO?<br />
<br />
:If it's the former, we simply have: a po karmä (I like indicating the tense and aspect here, although it's not obligatory.)<br />
<br />
:If it's the latter, then since we can't strand an adposition in Na'vi the way we can in English, the structure is similar to "the place that s/he was going to it."<br />
<br />
:For inanimate "it" you shouldn't use po but rather tsa: a tsane po karmä.<br />
<br />
:So the two possible versions of the sentence you want are:<br />
<br />
:(1) Po karmä a tsengit ke tsìme'a oel.<br />
<br />
:(2) Po tsane karmä a tsengit ke tsìme'a oel.<br />
<br />
:(2) is unimpeachable, I think. But I'd accept (1) as well. It's a bit loose but it seems like a natural development, and it has the virtue of brevity.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Multiple Vocatives ====<br />
4. Are multiple vocatives clustered (ma smukan sì smuke) or not (ma smukan sì ma smuke)?<br />
<br />
:Clustered. "Ma smukan sì smuke."<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Vocative with Modifiers ====<br />
5. Does the vocative always come before the noun and all modifiers including adjectives and genitives, or is it just before the head noun? Is it always a particle or can it ever be used as a suffix/enclitic?<br />
<br />
:It's before the noun and all modifiers, not necessarily immediately before the head:<br />
<br />
:ma oeyä eylan: 'O my friends'<br />
<br />
:It's always before the NP, never a suffix/enclitic.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Toruk Makto ====<br />
7. In toruk makto it seems like it should be maktoyu. Aside from "James Cameron Said So" is there a reason it is not?<br />
<br />
:So you guys noticed that, huh? :-)<br />
<br />
:JC and I had a bit of a discussion about "Toruk makto." I pointed out that according to the grammar, it should be maktoyu. And I was told in no uncertain terms that it was going to be "toruk makto," and I should figure out a way to make it work. The man certainly has the right . . .<br />
<br />
:So it's an exception--one of the iconic phrases in the language that developed unusually, for whatever reasons, and don't follow the normal rules. If we looked hard enough we could probably find parallels in English and in all other languages.<br />
<br />
==== Enclitic Adpositions ====<br />
1. Regarding adpositions. When they follow, they are written attached to the word. Can we assume this means they are enclitic, and have no<br />
stress accent of their own? Is the accent obliterated in two syllable adpostions, as in eyktanmungwrr?<br />
<br />
:Yes, they're enclitic, without their own stress. EYKtanmungwrr is stressed on the first syllable--a bit awkward, perhaps, but not too bad.<br />
<br />
==== Attributive a ====<br />
9. How are adjectives that begin or end with "a" such as apxa dealt with when the attributive is used? Do other vowels need any special treatment with the attributive?<br />
<br />
:In such cases the attributive "a" is swallowed up and disappears:<br />
<br />
:skxawng apxa, apxa skxawng<br />
<br />
:I can't think of any other cases where this happens, although aä and äa seem like rather unstable sequences. Until further notice, though, I think we'll allow them.<br />
<br />
===More extracts from various emails===<br />
<br />
:''Added by roger. Dates are date of answer by Frommer ''<br />
<br />
;Feb 13<br />
<br />
Keruseya tute vs. ke rey a tute (don't attach the ke or a, since rey is a finite verb) is parallel to "dead (= non-living) person" vs. "person who doesn't live OR isn't alive" in English. Semantically they seem pretty much the same; I'll have to think if there are any systematic differences between these forms.<br />
<br />
Note the Avatar line (which I don't believe made it into the final version of the film):<br />
<br />
:Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska'a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet.<br />
:'The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock.'<br />
<br />
To my knowledge, there's a parallel situation in French:<br />
<br />
"Laughing Cow" (brand name of a kind of cheese) could be either:<br />
<br />
:1. la vache riante<br />
or<br />
:2. la vache qui rit<br />
<br />
In 1, riante is a (feminine) participle. 2 is literally "the cow that laughs," but that's apparently the more idiomatic way to say it, since it's the actual name of the cheese. (I think all of that is correct, but my French is shaky, so it should be verified by a French speaker.)<br />
<br />
I'm not sure which is the more idiomatic expression in Na'vi, but if the meaning is clearly "dead," I'd go with kerusey.<br />
<br />
The point of participles in Na'vi is that they're ONLY used attributively. If you want a gerund, use a tì- nominalization:<br />
<br />
:1. Tìtaron lu lehrrap. 'Hunting is dangerous.'<br />
but<br />
:2. Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap. 'A hunting thanator is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
Also:<br />
<br />
:3. Palulukan a teraron lu lehrrap. 'A thanator that's hunting is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
;Feb 17<br />
:''I asked William's question about caus. v.t.'s taking the dative, and F said,''<br />
<br />
Yes and yes. Good guesses.<br />
<br />
:Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron.<br />
:‘Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede.’<br />
<br />
Cf. French:<br />
<br />
:(1) Pierre a fait construire un bateau à Paul.<br />
:Peter made Paul build a boat.<br />
<br />
:(2) Pierre a fait construire un bateau par Paul.<br />
:Peter had a boat built by Paul.<br />
<br />
For the sentence corresponding to (2)—i.e. ‘Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri’ (which sounds a bit odd)—Neytiri should not be in the dative but rather be the object of an adposition corresponding to Fr. “par.” A candidate would be fa [ADP-] = with, in the sense of “by means of.”<br />
<br />
So:<br />
<br />
:Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron.<br />
:‘Eytukand had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri.’<br />
<br />
:''I then asked about the ambiguous valency of a causative transitive Vb, and whether there was a passive in Na'vi''<br />
<br />
Correct—I haven’t included a passive because I thought that any function it would serve was already satisfied by other mechanisms in the language.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of an agentless passive, you’re right—just use fko.<br />
<br />
For passives with agents, the flexible word order of Na’vi should obviate the need for a passive, or so it would seem. There’s no semantic distinction between<br />
<br />
:(1) Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.<br />
:(2) Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.<br />
<br />
but the two are not equivalent in discourse, where focus is a consideration. In Na’vi, however, the equivalent of (3) is fully grammatical and not at all strange:<br />
<br />
:(3) Hamlet Shakespeare wrote.<br />
<br />
which should fulfill the functions of (2).<br />
<br />
But maybe not entirely. Conjoining might cause a problem. “Hamlet was written by Shakespeare and is the most famous play in the world.” If that comes from “H was written by S” and “H is X,” could you drop the second occurrence of H in the Na’vi sentence? Probably not, since the two occurrences of H (assuming the first occurrence is in the form of (3) above) are in different cases. Maybe Na’vi just doesn’t allow that kind of conjoining. Doesn’t seem unreasonable. But I’ll think more about it.<br />
<br />
I don’t think there’s a problem with valency not being indicated on the verb, but let me know if you find examples where not having such a marker would cause confusion.<br />
<br />
:''I don't think Na'vi needs a passive, since it doesn't appear to have subjects, and passives are a way of keeping subjects aligned in discourse.'' <br />
<br />
:''I asked about William's phrase (Ngeyä teri faytele a aysänumeri ngar irayo seiyi ayoe nìwotx), which F described as elegant, and attributive nouns, forgetting that it was an attributive PP: ''<br />
<br />
Well, there’s no attributive noun here! It’s rather an attributive prepositional (or I guess I should say adpositional) phrase:<br />
<br />
:[ Ngeyä [ [teri faytele] a aysänumeri ] ]<br />
<br />
Is that kosher? I think so. An attributive prepositional phrase results from the same process that yields attributive adjectives from predicate ones, parallel to an analysis that derives “good question” from “a question that is good.” Delete “that is” (when I studied lx, we used to call that WH-is, pronounced “whiz,” deletion) and then, for English, pre-pose the adjective.<br />
<br />
In Na’vi:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tìpawm lu sìltsan] a tìpawm > lu sìltsan a tìpawm > sìltsana tìpawm<br />
<br />
The middle form is perfectly grammatical, equivalent to “a question that is good.”<br />
<br />
If you can do that, then it seems a small step to do this:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tìpawm teri faytele lu] a tìpawm > teri faytele lu a tìpawm > teri faytele a tìpawm<br />
:‘a question about these matters’<br />
<br />
But your question about attributive nouns, or NPs in general, is relevant. What about:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tutean oeyä ‘eylan lu] a tutean > oeyä eylan lu a tutean >? oeyä eylan a tutean<br />
:‘the man who is my friend’<br />
<br />
The final form seems questionable to me. There should probably be a hierarchy of acceptability here, with adjectives at one end of the scale, PPs in the middle, and NPs at the other end. <br />
<br />
:''So, as we've seen, the genitive is what's used for attrib. nouns, not "a"; also, it's now confirmed that the "a" of RC's and the "a" of adj's are the same.<br />
<br />
;Feb 18<br />
<br />
Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue [...]! Slä lu sìltsan.<br />
<br />
OK, let's see . . .<br />
<br />
1. mesyalä ikran<br />
<br />
Strikes me as a little odd, but I guess it's OK. "An ikran of two wings." Parallel to "a man of few words." Genitives are used for many purposes.<br />
<br />
2. mesyalhu a ikran<br />
<br />
I like that the best. Seems quite natural.<br />
<br />
3. *mesyal a ikran<br />
<br />
Right. That should be ruled out.<br />
<br />
4. ?mesyal lu a ikran<br />
<br />
This is the most interesting one. I don't think it should be considered acceptable, but it touches on wider issues.<br />
<br />
Assuming the RC starts out this way:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[ikranur mesyal lu] a ikran<br />
<br />
[Digression: I've been preferring lu-initial order for "have" constructions: Lu ikranur mesyal. But that's not a hard-and-fast rule, so I'll keep the above order, which better reflects your example.}<br />
<br />
The question, of course, is what do you do with the coref. NP in the RC--delete or pronominalize?<br />
<br />
As I'm sure you know, languages have different hierarchies with respect to what happens to coref. NPs. Subjects are the most deletable, followed by DOs, followed by obliques, followed by comparatives . . . (It's been a long time since I looked carefully at this stuff, but I think that's correct.) So, for example, in English you can say "He's the man I spoke to" but in many other languages you have to say "He's the man that I spoke to him."<br />
<br />
In the Na'vi case, coref. NP deletion only extends as far as DOs. So for datives, you need to pronominalize:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[ikranur mesyal lu] a ikran > poru mesyal lu a ikran<br />
<br />
Other word orders work too, of course: lu poru mesyal a ikran (I like that one the best), mesyal lu poru a ikran, etc.<br />
<br />
===Trials & transitivity===<br />
''Wasn't this a Jane Austen novel?''<br />
<br />
''Doesn't look like this was ever posted. Don't know why; it was held up for a while as part of the ''Ma Sempul'' project, but then F specifically said it was okay to release. —[[User:Roger|Roger]]''<br />
<br />
:The regular pronouns are as follows, listed in the order Singular, Dual, Trial, Plural:<br />
<br />
:{| class=wikitable<br />
! Regular pronouns !! sing. !! dual !! trial !! plural<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, exclusive || ''oe'' || ''moe'' || ''pxoe'' || ''ayoe''<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, inclusive || — || ''oeng'' || ''pxoeng'' || ''ayoeng/awnga''<br />
|-<br />
| 2nd person || ''nga'' || ''menga'' || ''pxenga'' || ''aynga''<br />
|-<br />
| 3rd person || ''po'' || ''mefo'' || ''pxefo'' || ''(ay)fo''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:Note the alternate forms of the 1st Pers. Incl. Pl. form. The advantage of the ''aw-'' forms (unrelated, by the way, to '''aw'', one) is that most of the declined forms are 2 syllables rather than 3, or 3 rather than 4. Example: ''ayoengal'' (3 syll.) vs. ''awngal'' (2 syll.).<br />
<br />
:Formal forms: Only for 1st pers. excl. and 2nd pers.<br />
<br />
:{| class=wikitable<br />
! Formal pronouns !! sing. !! dual !! trial !! plural<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, exclusive || ''ohe'' || ''mohe'' || ''pxohe'' || ''ayohe''<br />
|-<br />
| 2nd person || ''ngenga'' || ''mengenga'' || ''pxengenga'' || ''ayngenga''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:For inclusive forms, you use separate pronouns, e.g., ''ohe ngengasì'' (where ''sì'' is "and" cliticized to the second element).<br />
<br />
:Verb forms: The honorific/ceremonial ''-uy-'' is a second-position infix (e.g., occurs in the second syllable of disyllabic roots) in the same position as the other attitudinals like ''-ei-''. (It can't co-occur with them; you can only choose one attitudinal, if any.)<br />
<br />
:So for ''taron'', which I've been using as a model verb, you have forms like:<br />
<br />
::''tolaruyon'', ''tayaruyon'', etc.<br />
<br />
:Keep in mind, though, that once you've used this form in discourse, you don't have to keep using it. It's "understood" from then on.<br />
<br />
''Then this came out end Jan.''<br />
<br />
:As for "because":<br />
<br />
:''Talun'' [ta smukan Skyinou] is almost exactly one of the words I came up with! I had come up with taluna, from ''ta + lun'' (reason) + ''a,'' in keeping with the idea that the clause following "because" is modifying the head noun ''lun,'' so that "a" is required. But I can see that over time the final a could drop . . . so I'm happy to parenthesize it in the glossary: ''talun(a).''<br />
<br />
:There's a related word ''oeyk'' (2 syllables, stress on the 2nd) meaning 'cause.' The corresponding conjunction is ''taweyka'' (with the obvious small sound changes). And in keeping with the above argument, I'll go with ''taweyk(a).''<br />
<br />
:So it's ''talun(a)'' or ''taweyk(a),'' which are pretty much synonyms. Take your pick!<br />
<br />
:By the way, a related word is ''tafral,'' meaning 'therefore, because of that.' (The derivation is probably pretty clear.) It's an adverb, unlike ''talun(a)'' and ''taweyk(a),'' which are conjunctions.<br />
<br />
:Perfect analysis of ''sìlpey,'' comparing it to ''ralpeng.'' Yup, that's it! [(tìlaw ta Prrton) meaning that they inflect on the verbal stems pey and peng and not on sìl- or ral-.]<br />
<br />
:And speaking of Neytiri's and Jake's eveng . . . and ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' . . . that's one for JC to figure out. <g><br />
<br />
:''hol'' = few.<br />
<br />
''Note we now have ''oeyk'' "a cause", ''eyk'' "to lead", and <eyk> CAUS.''<br />
<br />
;Feb 15<br />
<br />
:A couple of things to note:<br />
<br />
:1. Mìso and neto are both adverbs meaning "away." The former is positional: Stay away! The latter is directional: Go away!<br />
<br />
:2. Imperatives, either positive or negative, have two forms: either the bare root or the -iv- form. At an earlier point in the history of the language there was probably a polite/familiar distinction (the -iv- form being the politer one), but that's no longer the case. They're used interchangeably. So to say "Go!" you can say either kivä or just kä.<br />
<br />
:This is an important grammatical point. (Feel free to share.) 'Change' is indeed "latem," but it's the intransitive version, as in "Everything is changing." To change SOMETHING, you need the transitive version, which is achieved through a causative: to change something is to cause something to change.<br />
<br />
:The causative infix is -eyk-, which is in "pre-first" position--that is, it comes before the familiar first-position infixes like -iv-, -ol-, etc. So for the imperative you can say either leykatem or leykivatem.<br />
<br />
:"Begin" works similarly: sngä'i is intransitive: Something is beginning. To begin or start something, you need the causative form: sngeykä'i. Oel sngeykolä'i tìkangkemit. 'I began the work.'<br />
<br />
===Evidential===<br />
''Quoted by Roger, February 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/the-evidential-at-last/msg106055/#msg106055 source])''<br />
<br />
Ma oeyä eylan,<br />
<br />
Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fi’ut.<br />
<br />
[ -ìrm- : past proximate imperfective – “was just thinking . . . “<br />
<br />
-ats- : 2nd position infix indicating uncertainty or indirect knowledge: “you might want.” Could be used with “kxawm,” redundantly, for reinforcement.]<br />
<br />
I was corresponding with someone from Wales, and the question of lenition in Celtic came up. I mentioned the connection to Na’vi and thought you might to see it too. No new content here, just history. :-)<br />
<br />
“In 1998 I visited Ireland and of course wanted to try to learn a little Irish for the occasion. Wow! I consider myself a pretty sophisticated language learner, but Irish knocked me for a loop. (And they say English spelling is hard!) I found the mutations—if I remember correctly, eclipsis and lenition—very interesting. And lenition wound up influencing Na’vi. I had also studied Hebrew, where there’s a process of “spirantization” that has something of the same effect although in different environments, so that was an influence as well.<br />
<br />
“The final influence was Malay/Indonesian, where certain prefixes mutate the initial consonant of the root. It always tickled me that in a Malay dictionary, you need to look up the word “menarik” under T, the word “memandang” under P, and the word “menyatukan” under S! And that situation, of course, has a parallel in Na’vi, with the “short plurals.” (You look up “hilvan” under K, “sute” under T, “fizayu” under P, etc.)<br />
<br />
Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Ok ===<br />
''Reported by Prrton, Feb 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/ok!-we-got-ok/ source]).''<br />
<br />
.. go with "tam."<br />
<br />
As you know, the verb means "suffice, 'do'" as in, "That'll do."<br />
<br />
In the film, I think Grace says "Tsun tivam" in response to Norm's (very good, if formal) Na'vi. Or at least that was once going to be in the film. (As I mentioned, I have a hard time keeping track of what wound up in the final version and what got cut.)<br />
<br />
So saying "tam" for "OK" seems appropriate. It's easy to say...<br />
<br />
=== Zenke ===<br />
''Reported by roger, Feb 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/mustnt-vs-dont-need-to/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Sìltsan nìtxan. Tìng nari nekll.<br />
<br />
:[That is, "See below", where he interlaced his answers w my questions, which I'll put in italics. Comments I'm adding now are in brackets.]<br />
<br />
[embedded email]<br />
<br />
:Did I get this right?<br />
<br />
:Hém geyä zégke fkóru livú cá(y)hem a gáru pŕrte' ke lú.<br />
<br />
:[this was the Golden Rule]<br />
<br />
Very fine. I’ve spelled it zenke, even though it’s pronounced with a velar nasal. And I realize I’ve been inconsistent in doing that, since I’ve spelled lumpe with an m rather than the underlying n. Was probably influenced by English (“impossible,” but “income”). But maybe a little inconsistency isn’t the worst thing in the world.<br />
<br />
BTW, zenke and ke zene are semantically distinct:<br />
<br />
Nga zenke kivä! ‘You must not go!’<br />
<br />
Nga ke zene kivä. ‘It’s not obligatory (OR: it’s not a must) that you go.’<br />
<br />
And how many people have adopted the “scientific” transcription? It’s nice to see it, although I don’t think it will ever become as popular as the “official” one. (Notice what happens when you write Tsu’tey in scientific. NOT a good association with that character. <g>)<br />
<br />
:and is zegke short for zene ke ?<br />
<br />
:This one seems clear:<br />
<br />
:lǐ'fyari leNá'vi Ŕrtamì vay sét 'almóg a frá'u zerá'u ta gŕrpogu<br />
<br />
:assuming Rrta for "Earth"; confirms grr "root" and past pfv. I assume future pfv would be 'alyog.<br />
<br />
Right. As you now know, it’s ‘Rrta.<br />
<br />
*maw (ADP-) = after (time)<br />
*hìkrr (stress on 1st) = second, very short time<br />
*tätxaw (stress in 2nd) = return (intrans.)<br />
*Maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw.<br />
<br />
=== Sar, Fìtxan ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, Feb 18, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/score!-(1)-the-verb-to-use-(2)-more-detail-on-teya-si/ source]).''<br />
<br />
'''*Fayl*ìri lEksel irayo seiyi oe ngar, ma oeyä 'eylan. Tsat sayar oel nìltsan.'''<br />
<br />
'''Tewti! Ngeyä lì'fya leNa'vi txantsan lu nìngay. Fwa sute pxel nga tsun oeyä hì'ia tìngopit sivar fte pivlltxe nìlor fìtxan oeru teya si.'''<br />
<br />
sar = 'to use'<br />
<br />
fìtxan = 'so, to such an extent'<br />
<br />
oeru teya si: 'fills me' (an idiom, English version courtesy James Cameron; understood: "with satisfaction, with joy")<br />
<br />
=== Ngeyä kxetse lu oeru ===<br />
''From the newspaper contest, quoted by Prrton, Feb 22, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/your-projects-other-resources/la-times-navi-challenge-poll-please-vote/msg109545/#msg109545 source]).''<br />
<br />
'''Congratulations to Eri!'''<br />
<br />
''' 'Oleyng nga nìltsan, ma Eri! Ngari Nawma Sa'nok lrrtok soleiyi.'''<br />
<br />
Your entry in the "You're Going Down" contest, "Oeru lu ngeyä kxetse--Your tail is mine" was the clear winner!<br />
<br />
I've already submitted it to the Los Angeles Times editor. The only revision I made was to change the word order to place more emphasis on the "mine":<br />
<br />
'''Ngeyä kxetse lu oeru.'''<br />
<br />
(The end of the sentence is where the "punch" comes.)<br />
<br />
And thanks to everyone who entered and voted.<br />
<br />
'''Irayo ayngaru nìwotx!'''<br />
<br />
Kìyevame,<br />
<br />
Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Adjective Comparatives ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, Feb 23, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/prrwll-moss-the-comparative-to-construct/ source]).''<br />
<br />
:..Is this correct? :<br />
<br />
:: '''Oeru ke tsun livam ke'u lor to Eywa'evengä na'ring a lew säpoli fa prrwll,'''<br />
:: '''kxawm mungwrr fìkifkey a lew säpìyevi fa fpom sì lì'fya leNa'vi.'''<br />
<br />
Very fine.<br />
<br />
Only one suggestion...<br />
<br />
The verb säpìyevi: Why subjunctive? Why not simply säpìyi?<br />
<br />
Argument in favor of the subjunctive: It's a world that MIGHT soon cover itself . . . etc.<br />
<br />
Arguments in favor of the indicative:<br />
<br />
(1) Your translation seems to indicate you're thinking of a world that WILL soon cover itself . . . etc.<br />
(2) I like the clear parallelism between säpoli and säpìyi.<br />
(3) The indicative is one syllable shorter.<br />
<br />
So I'm somewhat more in favor of the indicative, säpìyi. But I think you could justify either version. Your call...<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
Oeri/oeru is often a toss-up. With "lam," though, I think the dative is marginally better, since it's natural for "seem" to take the dative:<br />
<br />
"It seems to me . . . " But you could make a case for oeri as well.<br />
<br />
The syntax of comparatives is perhaps a bit unusual.<br />
<br />
To say "A is adj-er than B," you simply say "A to B lu adj."<br />
<br />
Example: Po to oe lu sìltsan. (not "sìltsan nì'ul")<br />
<br />
No "comparative degree" of the adjective is used.<br />
<br />
Cf. Mandarin:<br />
<br />
Ta bi wo hao.<br />
<br />
=== Tag Question ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon&diff=2787Canon2010-03-21T07:33:33Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''The Na'vi language canon''' is the complete collection of information about the Na'vi language provided by authoritative sources, namely Paul Frommer and the creators of ''Avatar'' (James Cameron and Twentieth Century Fox).<br />
<br />
The canon comprises two things:<br />
* words and phrases spoken or written in Na'vi<br />
* descriptions of the linguistic elements of Na'vi such as orthography, morphology, syntax, and grammar<br />
<br />
The Na'vi words and phrases from canonical sources are presented or linked to on the [[Corpus]] page (where copyright allows). Documentation, explanation, and analysis of Na'vi linguistics are presented on other Learn Na'vi wiki pages ([[Phonology]], [[Morphology]], [[Grammar]], etc.). This page serves to document the canonical sources themselves.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
This page includes information dated '''Dec 2009 - Feb 2010'''. <br />
To access '''more recent information''' please see [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Epistles_from_Karyu_Pawl_|_2010_March_-_June Epistles from Karyu Pawl 2010 March - June].'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
== List of Canonical Sources ==<br />
<br />
The canonical material we have available to date includes:<br />
* The film ''Avatar''<br />
* The Activist Survival Guide<br />
* Paul Frommer's post to Language Log and his later reply to comments there<br />
* The media interviews Frommer has given (mostly around the release of the movie)<br />
* Private correspondence between Frommer and people interested in his language<br />
* The form letter Frommer emailed to his many correspondents in late 2009 and early 2010<br />
* The out-of-office auto-reply message Frommer set up during the semester break in December 2009<br />
* A partial page of Na'vi dialog from ''Avatar'' used by Sam Worthington ("Jake Sully"), as seen in close-up during a behind-the-scenes video released by Fox<br />
* "A Message From Paul" - his message to the Na'vi language community on January 21, 2010<br />
* The [http://forum.learnnavi.org/mgallery/?sa=item;id=56 materials he prepared] for the March 5 Good Morning America spot<br />
<br />
== Commercial Sources ==<br />
<br />
The film ''Avatar'' ([http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/ IMDB link]) contains numerous examples of both human and Na'vi characters speaking in Na'vi. Some of the Na'vi dialog is subtitled in English (or in the local language where ''Avatar'' has been released in non-English-speaking countries).<br />
<br />
''Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora'' aka "The Activist Survival Guide" or "ASG" ([http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061896756?ie=UTF8&tag=sebaswolff-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0061896756 Amazon link], [http://browseinside.harpercollins.com/index.aspx?isbn13=9780061896750 Browsable link from publisher]) is an official companion book to the movie. It includes a Na'vi-English word list and two Na'vi songs with English translations. It also includes an account of animal and plant life containing some "Na'vi" words that violate what we know of Na'vi phonetics.<br />
<br />
== Na'vi Dialog for Jake ==<br />
<br />
From a Fox-authorized video on YouTube, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11DLOVLj8xo Avatar The Movie James Cameron Avatar The Movie Behind The Scenes Making The Movie 2]. There's a brief video close-up of some of Jake's Na'vi dialog, "Na'vi Dialog for Jake - 3-13-2007." The stress accent is marked with the underline. See also [http://i46.tinypic.com/29ekdqr.png this still-frame image] from the video. See [[Corpus#Behind the Scenes|the Corpus page]] for a transcription. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/vocab-phrases/behind-the-scenes-navi-dialog-for-jake/msg37036/#msg37036 this forum thread] for discussion. Since the dialog is Jake's, there is some concern the sentences may not be perfectly grammatical.<br />
<br />
== Interviews with Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
Shortly before and after ''Avatar's'' release, Paul Frommer gave interviews to several media outlets in which he discussed the Na'vi language and its use in the film. He provided some examples of the language (written in print interviews, spoken in audio and video interviews). He also explained some of its unusual features and talked generally about how the language was developed and the work he did for the film. As the interviews and media stories were intended for general audiences, they provide little detailed information about Na'vi linguistics.<br />
<br />
A complete list of Frommer's media appearances is on the [[Resources]] page ([[Resources#Media_Stories_About_the_Na.27vi_Language_-_Print|Print]]; [[Resources#Media_Stories_About_the_Na.27vi_Language_-_Audio_and_Video|Audio and Video]]).<br />
<br />
== Paul Frommer's Language Log Post ==<br />
<br />
On December 19, 2009 (the day after ''Avatar's'' release) Paul Frommer made a guest post on the linguistics blog [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/ Language Log] titled [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 "Some highlights of Na’vi"]. In that post, he provided an extensive but by no means complete description of the Na'vi language covering phonetics and phonology, word classes and morphology, and syntax. The blog post attracted many comments, and on December 21 Frommer posted a reply addressing many of them, providing clarifications and some additional information about the language.<br />
<br />
To date, Frommer's post remains the largest single ''direct'' source of information about Na'vi linguistics. A great deal of additional information has been learned by analyzing the [[Corpus]], and Frommer has provided additional information in smaller amounts as described elsewhere on this page, but the Language Log post provided the foundation upon which our understanding of Na'vi has been built.<br />
<br />
== Public Email From Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
In late December 2009 and early January 2010, Paul Frommer began replying to his many email correspondents with a form letter, reproduced here from [http://forum.learnnavi.org/website-info/message-from-dr-frommer/ this post] on the [http://forum.learnnavi.org/ Learn Na'vi forum]:<br />
<br />
<blockquote><br />
Kaltxì, and thanks for your interest in Na’vi.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
The enthusiastic response to the language has been very gratifying. I wish I could answer all your e-mails personally, but the volume has been staggering, so I hope you’ll forgive this generic message.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Irayo to everyone who thanked me for the effort and wished me well. It’s been a privilege to be involved in something as extraordinary as “Avatar,” and I couldn’t be happier that people feel my contribution added to the film.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
For those who have expressed interest in learning the language, thank you! The way Na’vi will live and grow is for enthusiasts like yourselves to take it up and expand it beyond its present boundaries. I hope that not too long from now there will be learning tools available to make that possible. Film consultants like me, however, don’t own the rights to the products or services we provide, so I can’t put out any such materials on my own—they’ll have to be in cooperation with the people who brought you “Avatar.” We’ve already begun thinking about that, and I hope that some official form of “Learn Na’vi!” will soon be available to the public.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
In the meantime, a number of people have put up unofficial web sites talking about various aspects of Na’vi. Some of those are quite good, others are only speculative, and still others are highly inaccurate. The Wikipedia article on Na’vi, although not a complete description of the language, is well done and reliable.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu. See you again, and may Eywa be with you.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Paul Frommer<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
Around the same time period, during semester break at the University of Southern California where he teaches, correspondents emailing Frommer received an out-of-office auto-reply message which included the following sign-off:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>Ayftozä lefpom ayngaru nìwotx! Happy Holidays to You All!</blockquote><br />
<br />
== A Message From Paul ==<br />
<br />
On January 20, Paul Frommer sent a message to the Na'vi language community expressing his appreciation for the community's interest in the language. The message was sent as Na'vi text, English text, and audio of Frommer speaking the message in Na'vi. Frommer also provided a version of the text marked for stress.<br />
<br />
To date, this message is the largest single authoritative example of written and spoken Na'vi (other than the film dialog, for which there are no canonical Na'vi transcriptions). Consisting of fourteen sentences, many of them lengthy and complex, the message contained previously unseen grammatical constructs and added many new words to the Na'vi lexicon. Frommer signed the message ''"Your friend and teacher, Paul."''<br />
<br />
The message can be [http://masempul.org/upxare-niinglisi/ read and heard in its entirety] at the site [http://masempul.org masempul.org]. The stress-marked version is on the [[Corpus]] page at [[Corpus#A_Message_From_Paul|A Message From Paul]].<br />
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== Private Correspondence With Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
Many people interested in learning more about Na'vi have sent questions to Paul Frommer. Frommer is not always able to reply, but he has on several occasions given answers which have provided greater insight into the language. Some of those answers have been shared with the Na'vi language community; those answers are documented here.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>'''Note:''' ''communication between Dr. Frommer and his correspondents is inherently private.'' How much of that communication to share, and whether to share anything at all, is a personal decision. No one should ever feel obligated to share anything, and no one should ever expect or demand that others do so.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
'''Note also:''' ''Dr. Frommer is a party in these communications, and his privacy must be respected as well.'' If you have received something from Dr. Frommer and are considering sharing it with the community, '''do not do so''' until you are confident that he has no objections.</blockquote><br />
<br />
If you have new information from Dr. Frommer about the Na'vi language that has not been published elsewhere, '''and''' you are comfortable sharing it, '''and''' you are certain that he does not mind you doing so, then (and only then) please consider making it available to the Na'vi community so that it can become part of the canon and improve everyone's knowledge.<br />
<br />
If you do publish your correspondence, please only publish the parts that are directly related to the Na'vi language, such as new words and phrases or new grammatical rules. Post excerpts only. Leave out anything that might be a personal matter for either you or Dr. Frommer. When possible, post direct quotations from Dr. Frommer so that we can all see what his exact words and intentions are. When you are not comfortable giving direct quotes, a summary or paraphrase is still valuable and welcome, but take care to not present your own interpretation as his words.<br />
<br />
=== Extracts from various emails ===<br />
''Added by roger. Dates are date of answer by Frommer''<br />
<br />
;Dec 15<br />
:'''Kaltxì ngaru.'''<br />
<br />
;Dec 18<br />
''on monosyllabic verbs''<br />
<br />
:And yes, you can see where ''längu'' comes from. ''Lu,'' as you know, is ‘to be.’ So you have inflected forms like ''lolu, leru, layu,'' etc. Those are all with 1st position infixes. Of course you can also have forms like ''lereiu, lolängu,'' etc.<br />
<br />
:One thing I didn’t mention in the post is that whatever vowel receives stress in the root retains that stress in the inflected forms. So all of these forms of ''lu'' are stressed on the last syllable.<br />
<br />
;Dec 21<br />
:Glad you liked the x-digraphs. I'm not thrilled about digraphs in general (as I've indicated, I really wanted to use c instead of ts, as Pinyin does, and g instead of ng, as in Pago Pago), but using them here seemed to be the best choice. Since the apostrophe already meant a glottal stop, trying to use it for the ejectives as well would have resulted in ambiguities: would a sequence like hap'a indicate an ejective (i.e., ha-pxa) or a p closing one syllable followed by a glottal stop opening another (hap-'a)? They're not the same thing! <br />
<br />
;Dec 27<br />
''on why ''le''-adjectives don't take ''a,'' and on ergative case with ''futa''<br />
<br />
:The one time you don't need to use the adjectival ''a'' is with ''le-'' adjectives that follow the noun. (Having two consecutive markers in a row relating to adjectives seemed redundant. Also, I bet the ''a + le-'' combination would tend to decay over time on phonological grounds.) It's not wrong to put in the ''a'' in such cases, but it can be optionally omitted, and usually is.<br />
<br />
:If a ''le-'' adjective precedes its noun, however, you need the ''a.''<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:'''ayftxozä lefpom'''<br />
:'''ayftxozä alefpom'''<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>lefpom ayftxozä<br />
:'''lefpoma ayftxozä'''<br />
<br />
:As for ''futa'' and ''oel'':<br />
<br />
:''Futa'' is a contraction of ''fì'ut a. Fì'u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction.' Here it has the objective (or "patientive") marker ''t.''<br />
<br />
:The idea is that ''fpìl'' 'think' is transitive: you think SOMETHING, which is a thought. (It's transitive in the same way that "create" is transitive: you bring something, the object created, into being.) The a is just the usual "modifying a," as in the adjective examples above.<br />
<br />
:So the sense is, "I thought this thing, (namely) that . . . " And therefore ''oel'' is in the agentive or ergative case, while ''fì'ut'' is in the objective or patientive case.<br />
<br />
;Dec 28<br />
''I also take it that "N le-ADJ lu" is ambiguous between attributive adj. w existential vb and predicative adj. w copula. ... I assume <arm> is <a<er>m> PST.IMPV''<br />
<br />
:Right. I don't think that's a problem, but if need be, a speaker could disambiguate by including the a (optional here) for the attributive case and postposing the adjective after the copula for the predicative case.<br />
<br />
''Are the esses in ''slu'' and ''sìltsan'' related?''<br />
<br />
:As for ''slu/lu,'' I haven't developed anything like a consistent s-derivation. (I could think about that, though.) The ''sìltsan/nìltsan'' pair isn't related—''nìltsan'' is simply a development of *nìsìltsan, which I think could be natural. I wanted to avoid a 3-syllable word for 'well'!<br />
<br />
:Good guesses about ''-arm-'' and ''-iv-.'' ;-)<br />
<br />
;Dec 31<br />
''In ''Tsakrr nga Na'viru yomtìyìng'' "then you will feed the People", shouldn't ''nga'' be in the ergative?''<br />
<br />
:You'd think the verb is transitive, which would require the ergative case. But ''yomtìyìng'' 'feed' is from ''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give.' So there's no DO, and the verb is thought of intransitively, along the lines of 'engage in eat-giving.' ''Na'viru,'' as you know, is in the dative. So the whole thing is rather like, "Then you will engage in (or do) eat-giving to/for the people." There's a whole class of verbs that work on a similar principle.<br />
<br />
:To say "you feed the people meat," you need a different structure. It would probably just be with the verb ''tìng,'' where 'you' is ergative/agentive, 'meat' objective/patientive, and 'the people' dative.<br />
<br />
:A bit odd, perhaps, but I think it works.<br />
<br />
:'''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'''<br />
<br />
;Dec 31, on the SG<br />
:You're quite right that the words you've listed below are not at all in keeping with Na'vi phonology. I've never seen them before.<br />
<br />
:As for ''aylaberu,'' the ''b'' should be an ''h.''<br />
<br />
;Jan 07<br />
:'''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 09<br />
:There's no -ev- infix. The line from the film "Let her walk among us . . ." is:<br />
<br />
:'''Tivìran po ayoekip . . .'''<br />
<br />
:(Walk: ''tìran.'' The infix ''-iv-'' is subjunctive, here an "optative." Po is used for he/she unless it's desirable to make a gender distinction--e.g. to avoid ambiguity in discourse.)<br />
<br />
:About the movie dialog: Keep in mind that there's variation in all languages. Some of it is due to dialectal differences, some to performance errors, some to fast-speech phenomena . . . In other words, it's not necessarily the case that everything you hear in the movie theater prefectly represents standard, canonical Na'vi. Also, remember that Jake, Grace, and Norm speak Na'vi as a second language! It would be especially unrealistic to expect them to be perfect.<br />
<br />
:As for ''ko,'' I don't know any Japanese but I did have in mind Mandarin ba, a sentence-final particle glossed by Li and Thompson as "solicit agreement." Typical translations of ba are: "Don't you think so?" "Wouldn't you agree?" "Let's . . ." "Why don't you . . ." "I'll do X, OK?" I've used ko for all such things, maybe a bit more widely than ba.<br />
<br />
;Jan 19<br />
:'''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
''Why is there no overt SBRD w modals?''<br />
:That's how I've been handling want, can, and must: via a simple, shorter structure, where the subject in the main clause is considered intransitive, and there's no overt subject in the subordinate clause if they're identical:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä.''' 'I want to go.'<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä.''' 'I can go.'<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä.''' 'I must go.'<br />
:(Different word orders are possible in all of these, of course: '''Zene oe kivä,''' etc.)<br />
<br />
:So in these cases, the ''-iv-'' form of the verb functions somewhat like an infinitive. (But never like a gerund!)<br />
<br />
:You can also use the longer form:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (oe) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:But that's less common.<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
:Oh, btw, for ''pxeeveng'' etc. . . . Yeah, you're right. It should contract to '''pxeveng.''' (Likewise for *meeveng > '''meveng.''') I've gone back and forth on the contraction question when two identical vowels naturally come together as they do here. I should be consistent. <br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
''So, what if the verb after the modal is transitive?''<br />
:If the 2nd verb has the same subject as the first, it's pretty straightforward:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new yivom teylut.''' 'I want to eat teylu.'<br />
<br />
:(Back in the dark ages when I had my first syntax courses, that would have been termed an instance of equi-NP deletion.)<br />
<br />
[section on when the subject differs removed for the time being]<br />
<br />
;Jan 21<br />
''Do we get that long form w other modals?''<br />
<br />
:No, with ''tsun'' and ''zene,'' the plain subjunctive is the only possibility.<br />
<br />
;Jan 20, <br />
''on our proofreading of his message''<br />
:'''Eylanur oeyä Kwami sì Prrton . . .'''<br />
<br />
:''Ma Kwami:''<br />
<br />
:'''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!''' [ ''flä'' = 'succeed' ]<br />
<br />
:Just a couple of things to adjust:<br />
<br />
:''yawn'' is not actually the verb 'love.' Rather, '''yawne'' means 'beloved.' (For the noun, the ''e'' has dropped. Happens a lot.) So . . . how would you say 'I love you?' :-)<br />
<br />
:'Work' needs some explanation, which I'll provide when I have a bit more time. Hint: '''kan''' is the verb meaning 'aim.'<br />
<br />
:'Best' is simply ''swey.''<br />
<br />
:Rule is '''koren'''. If it were ''horen,'' then there would be no short form for the plural—you'd have to say ''ayhoren.''<br />
<br />
:''Ma Prrton:''<br />
<br />
:'''Ngal oeyä 'upxaret aysuteru fpole' a fì'uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!''<br />
<br />
:(Alternately: ''Furia ngal . . . fpole', ngaru . . . '')<br />
<br />
:[I'm debating whether standard punctuation should include the comma.]<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
:''Eywa'evengä'' is OK. ''Eywa'eveng'' = Pandora, lit. 'child of Eywa.' Jim's coinage, not mine. (He has the right!) But it works as a compound. <br />
<br />
;Jan 21<br />
''on our guesses for 'I love you'''<br />
<br />
:Re "love": The "indirect" way is correct.<br />
<br />
:I've been playing around with word orders to come up with the most euphonious version. For me, it's:<br />
<br />
:'''Nga yawne lu oer.'''<br />
<br />
:Five syllables (sentence stress on YAWN, of course), not too long . . . sounds good, I think. The laudatory infix (as someone has dubbed it) ''-ie-'' is possible but not necessary, and I've been omitting it here. "Love" itself is positive enough that it's probably redundant, and all other things being equal, shorter is better.<br />
<br />
:As for the sentence with ''tìyawn si,'' yes, that might mean something different. I'll have to think about it!<br />
<br />
:OK, here's a grammatical point I haven't yet talked about explicitly:<br />
<br />
:"Si constructions" have a special syntax. They're considered intransitive--a bit strange, perhaps, but reasonable, I think. That is, "X si" is thought of as "engage in the X-activity," an intransitive concept. What would normally be considered the object is then in the dative, along the lines of, "engage in the X-activity to/for Y."<br />
<br />
:So rather than *Oel ngati tìyawn si," we have ''Oe ngaru tìyawn si.''<br />
<br />
:The literal, pidgen-English translation would be something like "I do loving to/for you."<br />
<br />
:As I said, I'll to think about the implications of that!<br />
<br />
:BTW, [...] I may have forgotten to mention this in the LL post, but the "pseudo-vowels" rr and ll only exist in open syllables. (If you see I've violated that anywhere, please let me know . . . it's not impossible.) [...] '''Lu ngeyä tìftxey!'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 21: <br />
''But the stress shift in ''oe'' would result in the consonant clusters ?/mw/ and ?/pxw/ in the pronouns.''<br />
<br />
:No new C-clusters! The phonotactics are [in]violable.<br />
<br />
:In the dual and trial, the stress on the ''oe'' element does not shift. So ''pxoengaru'' has 4 syllables.<br />
<br />
:In the 1st pers. dual inclusive, however, the problem doesn't arise, because there's no ''me-'' prefix. It's just "you (sg.) and me," i.e. naturally dual, so you don't need the marker. The forms are simply ''oeng'' (N.B.: no ''-a''), ''oengal, oengat(i),'' etc.<br />
<br />
;Jan 21: <br />
''How about ''Plltxe fko san X fyape nìNa'vi?'' or ''X sìk nìNa'vi plltxe fxo fyape?'' for "How do you say X in Na'vi?"''<br />
<br />
:There's an easier and more concise way:<br />
<br />
:'''X nìNa'vi slu upe?'''<br />
<br />
:(As you know, ''slu'' = 'become')<br />
<br />
:It's an example of a neat structure I adapted from Persian:<br />
<br />
:''X be-faarsi chi mishe?'' X in-Persian what becomes?<br />
<br />
:BTW, I've been thinking of '''san . . . sìk''' as correlatives, always occurring together. The only exception is if you're quoting someone and you end with material still in the quote. Then you don't have to say "unquote."<br />
<br />
''I'm not following.''<br />
<br />
:Well, let's see . . .<br />
<br />
:Suppose the sentence is, "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him."<br />
<br />
:Everything converts to direct speech, so it would be:<br />
<br />
:'''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw.'''<br />
<br />
:(Note: *pollltxe > ''poltxe'' )<br />
<br />
:But if it's simply "Eytukan said he would go," and you end your speech turn there, then it's not necessary to have the concluding ''sìk''—it's "understood."<br />
<br />
''Ah, okay. So "he said X" would use just ''san,'' "X he said" would use just ''sìk,'' right?''<br />
<br />
:Yes, "He said X" would just use ''san'' if you ended there and didn't continue.<br />
<br />
:As for whether "X he said" would only use ''sìk'' and omit the initial ''san'' . . . I think that depends.<br />
<br />
:Example:<br />
<br />
:Suppose in a conversation in English you said the following:<br />
<br />
:(1) "I'm planning to sell everything I have and move to Nepal, where I'm going to take up mountain climbing and flower arranging," he said.<br />
<br />
:Since your listeners can't see the quotation marks, would it be clear to them from the start that you're talking about someone else's plans, not your own? It probably depends heavily on the context. Come to think of it, though, (1) would be very unnatural in conversation, wouldn't it? You see that structure in written material all the time, but people don't speak that way. So "X he said" questions might be rare in discourse.<br />
<br />
''And it looks like only direct speech is allowed?''<br />
<br />
:Right.<br />
<br />
''In 'how do you say', was'' 'upe'' rather than ''upe'' a typo?''<br />
<br />
:Not a typo, a goof! It is of course'' 'upe,'' with stress on the first syllable. Thanks for the catch.<br />
<br />
:The other form, as you know, is ''peu,'' without the glottal stop, stress on the second.<br />
<br />
:So you can also have:<br />
<br />
:'''X nìNa'vi slu peu?'''<br />
<br />
:Either one is fine.<br />
<br />
;Jan 27 <br />
''on making a mistake:''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel foru fìaylì'ut tolìng a krr, kxawm oe harmahängaw.'''<br />
<br />
:[hahaw = sleep, stress on 1st]<br />
<br />
:[-arm- is one of the fused infixes that combine tense and aspect.]<br />
<br />
:'''Irayo nìmun.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 31<br />
''on asking how to say 'good night' ''<br />
<br />
:Let's make it '''txon lefpom.'''<br />
<br />
:''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)<br />
<br />
:A bit expected, perhaps, but I think it has a nice quality, with the two o's.<br />
<br />
:As you know, le- adjectives don't take "modifying a" when post-nominal.<br />
<br />
:The full version would be, "Txon lefpom livu ngar."<br />
<br />
;Feb 1<br />
''what's the diff tween 'vay' and 'mi'? ''<br />
<br />
:''Vay'' (ADP-) means 'up to.' It can be used in several senses, not just temporal: "He counted up to 35" or "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" (a line from one of the video games).<br />
<br />
:Note ''vaykrr'' (CONJ): until.<br />
<br />
''how is dropping the 'a' from 'taluna' and 'taweyka' affected by swapping clause order?''<br />
<br />
:Yes, good point--the 'a' can drop only if the construction is head first, with the reason clause following. There's precedent for that kind of thing, however. With le- adjectives, the 'a' drops when the adjective is post-nominal but not when it's pre-:<br />
<br />
:''txon lefpom<br />
:*lefpom txon<br />
:''lefpoma txon<br />
<br />
:I hadn't thought of ''atalun'' vs. ''alunta''! Interesting. Let me consider that, and whether it has implications for other conjunctions. For the time being, though, let's make the canonical form ''alunta.''<br />
<br />
=== Pronunciation of a ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;In your Language Log, you show in the trapezium that [a] is the low back vowel, in contrast to [æ]. Did you mean to say [ɑ]? I am aware that you use an old American system.<br />
<br />
:I meant [a], a low central vowel; essentially the corresponding vowel in Spanish and Italian, or in the standard American pronunciation of 'hot.' So you're right: phonetically it's not really back.<br />
<br />
=== Transitivity ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
'''Is transitivity lexically marked: you've shown that 'promise' is ditransitive in the guide, but what about the other words? Will you be showing us how to do this soon?'''<br />
<br />
:Well, I've been pretty much leaving it up to the semantics to determine what's transitive and what's not, when it's clear. "Sleep" is clearly intransitive, for example; "kill" is clearly transitive. So I don't need to annotate those in the lexicon. For verbs like 'begin,' however, you have to be told which one you're talking about. So for those, I've indicated the type in the complete glossary. Until that's published, let me know what's not obvious and I'll get back to you.<br />
<br />
=== Monosyllabic Stress ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;I've noticed in a shot of a script that you stress monosyllabic words when they have an inflection (and therefore are polysyllabic), but not otherwise. Should all monosyllabic words be stressed normally?<br />
<br />
:Yes indeed. I underlined the stressed syllables in polysyllabic words for the actors, so they could pronounce their lines correctly. I've done that in the glossary too for all polysyllabic words.<br />
<br />
:The rule for inflected verbs is that whatever vowel is stressed in the root keeps its stress in the inflected form. So for example, the root for hunt, as you know, is '''taron''', stress on the first syllable. So all the inflected forms retain stress on the original a of the root: '''tivaron, tolaron, tayarängon,''' etc. Cf. '''pängkxo''' "chat, converse," where the stress on the ultima. The stress stays there in the inflected forms: '''pivängkxo, polängkxo, payängkxängo'''.<br />
<br />
=== sä- Prefix ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;Is '''sänume''' indicative of a '''sä'''- nomilinalizer to show the instrument of the verb?<br />
<br />
:The '''sä'''- prefix is a bit of a loose end. So far I only have one example of it in the lexicon: '''nume''' "learn" vs. '''sänume''' "teaching, instruction." You're right: I was thinking of it as something like an instrumental affix: instruction is the thing BY MEANS OF WHICH you learn. On that basis, since '''mun'i''' is the verb "cut," '''sämun'i''' could be a word for a general cutting instrument. I'll need to think more about that, however, since I'm not sure these two cases are comparable. In the second case, you have a concrete instrument, which must be present in order to implement the verb. With '''nume''', though, you can learn by other means than teaching: from experience, from trial and error, etc. So should '''sänume''' refer to any means whatsoever of learning something? I'm not sure yet. Thanks for the question!<br />
<br />
=== Verb Phrases as Objects ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
'''If a verb is understood to be transitive (depending on your answer above), when the direct object is replaced by a verb phrase, is the subject still marked as ergative? Essentially, which is more correct: Oe new pivlltxe or Oel new pivlltxe?<br />
<br />
:Good question.<br />
<br />
:First note that for "can" and "must," the subject is considered intransitive:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä'''. 'I can go.' (NOT *'''Oel tsun kivä'''.)<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä'''. 'I must go.' (NOT *'''Oel zene kivä'''.)<br />
<br />
:"Want" MAY follow the same pattern:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä'''. (That is, it patterns like a modal.)<br />
<br />
:But since want, unlike can and must, is a transitive verb, there's an alternate pattern:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (= fì'ut a) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:And you also have sentences like:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'''. "I want Taronyu to go."<br />
<br />
:So in the sentences you asked about, '''Oe new pivlltxe''' is fine. In one with '''oel''', though, insert '''futa'''.<br />
<br />
''Later in the same message:''<br />
<br />
:BTW, let's take a look at your sentence again:<br />
<br />
:(1) '''Oel new pivlltxe nìNa'vi mì oeyä letrra tìrey, (2) slä oel tsun pivey (3) trrit a ngat taying (oe new tìying!) ayoe nì'ul aylì'u!'''<br />
<br />
:(1) and (2) are virtually perfect: just change oel to oe in both cases. I like letrr for daily! I'll add that to the glossary, with RL in the Source column. :-)<br />
<br />
:(3), though, needs a little help. Are you awaiting "the day that you will give us more words?" If so, the verb for "give" is '''tìng''', so it should be:<br />
<br />
:'''trrit a nga tayìng''' (or, hopefully, '''tìyìng''') '''ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul'''.<br />
<br />
:But if I've misinterpreted you, please let me know.<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps!<br />
<br />
''In a follow-up message:''<br />
<br />
:At the end of my previous e-mail:<br />
<br />
:Let's make that--<br />
<br />
:trrit a NGAL tayìng (or, hopefully, tìyìng) ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul.<br />
<br />
:Kxeyeyri tsap'alute sengi oe. [kxeyey = mistake, error]<br />
<br />
=== Auxilary verb SI ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;Can "si" be a verb on its own, or is it always paired with something else?<br />
: Your intuitions are right. Si is only an auxiliary verb--it needs to be paired with something else. If you ant the main verb 'make,' for example, you need a different lexical item, like txula (stress on 1st) 'build, construct' or ngop 'create.'<br />
<br />
: About the only time si stands alone is when the non-verbal element has already been mentioned and is understood from the discourse:<br />
<br />
: --Nga tsap'alute soli srak?<br />
: --Soli.<br />
<br />
:(Or: Srane, soli.)<br />
=== Dative + copula possessive ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;We have seen examples of the dative and copula used for possession of abstract concepts and states, can it be used for physical possession too?<br />
: This can definitely indicate physical possession. In fact, that's the only way to express the concept of "having" in Na'vi--there's no verb 'have.'<br />
<br />
: But contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, "have" constructions usually begin with the verb. So "I have an ikran" is: Lu oeru ikran. Here, lu has the force of 'there is.'<br />
<br />
: BTW, the inspiration for this was Hebrew, which does something similar: Yesh li sefer (there-is to-me book), i.e. I have a book. The difference is that Hebrew has no copula in the present tense, so it needs a special word for there-is/are. Na'vi just uses the ordinary copula for this construction.<br />
=== Krr: noun vs adverb ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;The uses of "krr" we have seen seem to use it as a temporal adjunct more than a noun, is this a correct analysis?<br />
: Right again. Krr is a noun, but it can also be used adverbially. So tsakrr isn't just 'that time'; it's also (and more commonly) 'AT that time' or 'then.' Likewise kawkrr 'never' and frakrr 'always' are commonly used as time adverbials.<br />
<br />
: If you add a modifying clause to adverbial krr, linked of course with a, you get a "when" clause:<br />
<br />
: Ngeyä Tireaioang zola'u a krr, law layu ngaru. 'When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know.'<br />
: (Lit.: At the time that your Spirit Animal has come, it will be clear to you.)<br />
=== Causality ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;How do you express causality?<br />
: Longish story, which I'll tell another time. (There's a causative infix . . . )<br />
<br />
=== Vocabulary and <iyev> ===<br />
''Quoted by suomichris, January 30, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/my-dictionary/msg66920/#msg66920 source]).''<br />
<br />
:<u>frr</u>fen (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)<br />
:Cf. frrtu = guest<br />
:te<u>ri</u> (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP- . . . that is, an adposition that doesn't trigger lenition)<br />
:letsunslu = possible<br />
<br />
:The -iyev- infix, which I think you asked about before, is a "fused" form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive.<br />
<br />
=== Numerals ===<br />
''Quoted by Nayumeie, January 30, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/email-from-frommer-re-numbers-(or-the-full-number-chart!)/ source])<br />
:Kaltxì ma oeyä 'eylan Nayumeie,<br />
:Ngeyä pxesìpawmìri ngaru seiyi oe irayo.<br />
:'Awa tìpawmìri 'iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng.<br />
:[zusawkrr = future; in the future]<br />
<br />
:Numbers!<br />
:I have a nice complete chart, but it wouldn't be cool if I simply attached it, as I'm sure you understand. Let me convey the essence, however, in a different form.<br />
<br />
:The system, as you know, is octal:<br />
<br />
:'aw, mune, pxey, tsìng, mrr, pukap, kinä, vol<br />
:volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng, vomrr, vofu, vohin, mevol<br />
:mevolaw, mevomun, . . ., pxevol<br />
:pxevolaw, pxevomun, . . ., tsìvol<br />
:mrrvol<br />
:puvol<br />
:kivol<br />
:zam ( = 64, or 100 octal)<br />
:vozam ( = 512, or 1000 octal)<br />
:zazam ( = 4096, or 10000 octal)<br />
<br />
:First line above: In disyllables, stress is on the 1st.<br />
:Second line above: In disyllables, stress is on the 2nd, except for mevol.<br />
:Third line: Stress on the final syllables, except for pxevol.<br />
:Etc.<br />
<br />
:That should be enough for you to figure out the rest.<br />
:Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu,<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Fused -iv- Infixes ===<br />
''Quoted by suomichris, January 30, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/ source])<br />
:''Ngeyä txantsana tìpawmìri ngaru seiyi oe irayo.''<br />
<br />
:[txantsan = excellent]<br />
<br />
:A number of people have asked about this, so let me explain:<br />
<br />
:There's a small class of "fused" infixes that combine the common -iv- subjunctive/dependent verb infix with those that indicate tense and aspect. It goes like this:<br />
<br />
:PRESENT IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + IMPERFECT -er- --> -irv-<br />
:PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + PERFECT -ol- --> -ilv-<br />
:PAST SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + PAST PROXIMATE -ìm- or PAST GENERAL -am- --> -imv-<br />
<br />
:I think you can see what's happening here: the CONSONANT of the tense or aspect infix is shoved into the middle of the -iv- infix--an infix in an infix, if you will.<br />
<br />
:With the future subjunctive, there's a slight complication:<br />
<br />
:FUTURE SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + FUTURE PROXIMATE -ìy- or FUTURE GENERAL -ay- --> *-iyv-<br />
<br />
:The problem is that although a syllable can end with r, l, or m, it can't end with y (unless it's part of a diphthong, which iy is not). That would violate the phonotactic constraints of Na'vi. So an epenthetic vowel comes to the rescue: -iyev-<br />
<br />
:An alternate form of this fused infix has arisen: -ìyev-. As an instance of vowel harmony (rare in Na'vi), the high front tense vowel i has become lax (ì) under the influence of the lax vowel e in the following syllable. Both -iyve- and -ìyev- are acceptable.<br />
<br />
:So that's a very long-winded explanation of why Kìyevame means: "May (we) See (each other again) in the future."<br />
<br />
:''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì'eyng law livu ngar!''<br />
<br />
''Follow-up email correcting a typo, January 31, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/msg68133/#msg68133 source])''<br />
<br />
:Ma oeyä eylan,<br />
<br />
:Tsap'alute, mì upxare a fpole' oel ayngaru trram lu kxeyey:<br />
<br />
:KEYAWR:<br />
:Both -iyve- and -ìyev- are acceptable<br />
<br />
:EYAWR:<br />
:Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable<br />
<br />
:Irayo 'eylanur awngeyä Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun.<br />
<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
''Subsequent email regarding "rolun", summarized by suomichris ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/msg68387/#msg68387 source]):'' "Just heard back from Frommer. ''run'' means 'find, discover.'"<br />
<br />
=== Midsummer Night's Dream Vocabulary ===<br />
''Quoted by Kiliyä, January 31, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/midsummer-nights-dream-vocab-from-karyu-atxantsan-pawl/ source])<br><br />
Note: stress marking is by Kiliyä based on unquoted notes from Frommer. Kiliyä: "I have assumed that syllables in words start with a consonant, and that -wrr is the syllable's boundry in mungwrr (from munge + wrrpa, "brought outside"?) rather than mu.ngwrr."<br />
<br />
:Let me answer some of your vocabulary questions:<br />
<br />
:sweet = ka<u>lin</u><br />
:tongue = ftxì<br />
:air = ya<br />
:bud = <u>prr</u>nesyul<br />
<br />
:<u>prr</u>nen = infant, baby<br />
:<u>syu</u>lang = flower<br />
:So "bud" is an obvious compound. (Components are often truncated in Na'vi compounds.)<br />
<br />
:sick = spxin<br />
:disease = sä<u>spxin</u><br />
:the state of being ill = tì<u>spxin</u><br />
<br />
:yet, still = mi<br />
<br />
:except = mung<u>wrr</u> ADP- (that is, an adposition that doesn't trigger lenition)<br />
<br />
:game = u<u>van</u><br />
:to play = uvan si<br />
:metal (in general) = fngap<br />
<br />
:No words yet for horned, moon, favor, nor, judge/judgment. I'll be thinking about those. (I'm not sure if Pandora even has moons in its sky. Can you have a moon going around a moon?)<br />
<br />
:For "nor," you may be able to get around it by using "or" (fu) with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B.<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps!<br />
<br />
:Feel free to share any of this...<br />
<br />
=== Some Conjunctions and Adverbs ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, February 1, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/talun-taweyk-tafral-lun-oeyk-holpxay-hol/msg69552/ source])<br />
<br />
:As for "because":<br />
<br />
:'''Talun''' [ta smukan Skyinou] is almost exactly one of the words I came up with! I had come up with '''taluna''', from '''ta''' + '''lun''' (reason) + '''a''', in keeping with the idea that the clause following "because" is modifying the head noun '''lun''', so that '''"a"''' is required. But I can see that over time the final a could drop . . . so I'm happy to parenthesize it in the glossary: talun(a).<br />
<br />
:There's a related word '''oeyk''' (2 syllables, stress on the 2nd) meaning 'cause.' The corresponding conjunction is '''taweyka''' (with the obvious small sound changes). And in keeping with the above argument, I'll go with '''taweyk(a)'''.<br />
<br />
:So it's talun(a) or taweyk(a), which are pretty much synonyms. Take your pick!<br />
<br />
:By the way, a related word is '''tafral''', meaning 'therefore, because of that.' (The derivation is probably pretty clear.) It's an adverb, unlike '''talun(a)''' and '''taweyk(a)''', which are conjunctions.<br />
<br />
:Perfect analysis of '''sìlpey'''', comparing it to '''ralpeng'''. Yup, that's it! [(tìlaw ta Prrton)meaning that they inflect on the verbal stems pey and peng and not on sìl- or ral-.]<br />
<br />
:And speaking of Neytiri's and Jake's eveng . . . and '''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä''' . . . that's one for JC to figure out. <g><br />
<br />
:'''hol''' = few.<br />
<br />
=== Reflexives and Naming ===<br />
''Quoted by Tiriuä, February 1, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/the-reflexive-(from-a-frommer-email!!!!)/ source])<br />
<br />
:Kaltxì ma oeyä 'eylan,<br />
<br />
:Thanks for the questions, Jake. (Good name for someone who likes Avatar!)<br />
<br />
:I guess I haven't mentioned anything about the reflexive yet. Here's a quick explanation:<br />
<br />
:The reflexive is formed with an infix -äp- that's in "pre-first" position--that is, it comes before the familiar infixes in first position.<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:I see myself. = Oe tsäpe'a.<br />
<br />
:Note: There's no pronoun "myself"--all you need is the infix. And it's oe, not oel.<br />
<br />
:You've seen yourself. = Nga tsäpole'a.<br />
<br />
:Be careful to keep the stress in the original place. Since for tse'a the stress is on the final a, that's where it stays in all the inflected forms.<br />
<br />
:They'll see themselves. = (Ay)fo tsäpaye'a.<br />
<br />
:wash = yur<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:I wash myself. = Oe yäpur.<br />
:I'm washing myself. = Oe yäperur.<br />
<br />
:Tslolam srak? :-)<br />
<br />
:As for "My name is . . ."<br />
<br />
:You COULD say<br />
<br />
:Tstxo oeyä lu ___.<br />
<br />
:tstxo = name<br />
<br />
:But that's not the idiomatic way to say it. Instead, you say "They call me . . ." (which is of course common in many earth languages as well).<br />
<br />
:The grammar here is tricky:<br />
<br />
:Oeru syaw fko ___.<br />
<br />
:Things to note:<br />
<br />
:syaw 'call' is intransitive: you call TO someone. That's why it's fko, not fkol, and oeru, not oeti. (Fko, as I think you know, means 'one' or 'they' in the general sense.) The actual name as almost like an adverb in this construction: To say "My name is Jake," you actually say something like, "They call to me in a Jake way." :-)<br />
<br />
:The question, by the way, is:<br />
<br />
:Fyape fko syaw ngar?<br />
<br />
:Literally: How does one call you?<br />
<br />
:So a typical little conversation is:<br />
<br />
:--Fyape fko syaw ngar?<br />
:--Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?<br />
:--Oeru syaw Tseyk.<br />
<br />
:In the last sentence, "fko" is understood. You could actually leave it out in the 2nd sentences as well. Ngar and ngaru are used interchangeably--pick the one you think sounds better in its position. And "tut" is a "particle of continuation"--here you'd translate "ngaru tut" as "And how about you?"<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps! Feel free to share . . .<br />
<br />
:Kìyevame.<br />
<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Art-related Vocabulary ===<br />
''Quoted by Skxawng ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/art-related-vocab/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Law lu oeru fwa nga mì reltseo nolume nìtxan!<br />
<br />
:[fwa = fì'u a<br />
:rel = image, picture<br />
:reltseo = visual art<br />
:law = clear]<br />
<br />
''and also:''<br />
<br />
:Ma Pìraysì,<br />
<br />
:Tewti!!!<br />
<br />
:Rel oeyä na uniltìranyu lor lu nìngay! Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!<br />
<br />
:[reltseotu = artist<br />
:txantsan = excellent]<br />
<br />
''A followup regarding '''tu''',''<br />
<br />
:About -tu vs. -yu: You're right--"yu" is an ending for a verb, converting it into the doer or agent, similar to English -er. "Tu," on the other hand, is short for "tute," person (as in Tawtute), and is generally used with parts of speech other than verbs.<br />
<br />
:So: for "reltseo" (as you know, rel 'image, picture' + tseo 'art'), we get "reltseotu," 'artist (lit. picture-art-person)'.<br />
<br />
:Likewise, from pamtseo 'music' we get pamtseotu, 'musician'.<br />
<br />
=== Atan Is Illumination ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/atan-lucet-in-tenebris/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Atan is a noun meaning “light” in the sense of “source of illumination.” It’s Jim Cameron’s word, actually. I don’t yet have a word for “light = not heavy”—“light” and “heavy” would be good ones to come up with.<br />
<br />
=== Participles ===<br />
''Quoted by roger ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/participles/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Keruseya tute vs. ke rey a tute (don't attach the ke or a, since rey is a finite verb) is parallel to "dead (= non-living) person" vs. "person who doesn't live OR isn't alive" in English. Semantically they seem pretty much the same [...].<br />
<br />
:Note the Avatar line (which I don't believe made it into the final version of the film):<br />
<br />
:Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska'a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet.<br />
<br />
:'The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock.'<br />
<br />
:Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap. 'A hunting thanator is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
:Palulukan a teraron lu lehrrap. 'A thanator that's hunting is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
=== February 16 2010 Combo ===<br />
''Quoted by Wm Anns'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/combined-answers-1-(feb-16)/ source])<br />
<br />
==== Indirect Question "Where" ====<br />
<br />
1. Is this correct: po kä a tseng(ne) ke tsìme'a oel I didn't see where s/he was going.<br />
<br />
:No, it's not. But it raises in interesting question.<br />
<br />
:The error is in the case of "tseng(e)." The structure has to be, "I didn't see the place that s/he was going (to)," so we're essentially dealing with a relative clause. "Place" is in the matrix sentence, so it should be marked as an object. Changing the word order for clarity (which doesn't really affect anything) . . .<br />
<br />
:Oel tsìme'a tsenget/tsengit [depending on whether you like tseng or tsenge for 'place'] a . . .<br />
<br />
:But what's the RC? The place THAT S/HE WAS GOING or the place THAT S/HE WAS GOING TO?<br />
<br />
:If it's the former, we simply have: a po karmä (I like indicating the tense and aspect here, although it's not obligatory.)<br />
<br />
:If it's the latter, then since we can't strand an adposition in Na'vi the way we can in English, the structure is similar to "the place that s/he was going to it."<br />
<br />
:For inanimate "it" you shouldn't use po but rather tsa: a tsane po karmä.<br />
<br />
:So the two possible versions of the sentence you want are:<br />
<br />
:(1) Po karmä a tsengit ke tsìme'a oel.<br />
<br />
:(2) Po tsane karmä a tsengit ke tsìme'a oel.<br />
<br />
:(2) is unimpeachable, I think. But I'd accept (1) as well. It's a bit loose but it seems like a natural development, and it has the virtue of brevity.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Multiple Vocatives ====<br />
4. Are multiple vocatives clustered (ma smukan sì smuke) or not (ma smukan sì ma smuke)?<br />
<br />
:Clustered. "Ma smukan sì smuke."<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Vocative with Modifiers ====<br />
5. Does the vocative always come before the noun and all modifiers including adjectives and genitives, or is it just before the head noun? Is it always a particle or can it ever be used as a suffix/enclitic?<br />
<br />
:It's before the noun and all modifiers, not necessarily immediately before the head:<br />
<br />
:ma oeyä eylan: 'O my friends'<br />
<br />
:It's always before the NP, never a suffix/enclitic.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Toruk Makto ====<br />
7. In toruk makto it seems like it should be maktoyu. Aside from "James Cameron Said So" is there a reason it is not?<br />
<br />
:So you guys noticed that, huh? :-)<br />
<br />
:JC and I had a bit of a discussion about "Toruk makto." I pointed out that according to the grammar, it should be maktoyu. And I was told in no uncertain terms that it was going to be "toruk makto," and I should figure out a way to make it work. The man certainly has the right . . .<br />
<br />
:So it's an exception--one of the iconic phrases in the language that developed unusually, for whatever reasons, and don't follow the normal rules. If we looked hard enough we could probably find parallels in English and in all other languages.<br />
<br />
==== Enclitic Adpositions ====<br />
1. Regarding adpositions. When they follow, they are written attached to the word. Can we assume this means they are enclitic, and have no<br />
stress accent of their own? Is the accent obliterated in two syllable adpostions, as in eyktanmungwrr?<br />
<br />
:Yes, they're enclitic, without their own stress. EYKtanmungwrr is stressed on the first syllable--a bit awkward, perhaps, but not too bad.<br />
<br />
==== Attributive a ====<br />
9. How are adjectives that begin or end with "a" such as apxa dealt with when the attributive is used? Do other vowels need any special treatment with the attributive?<br />
<br />
:In such cases the attributive "a" is swallowed up and disappears:<br />
<br />
:skxawng apxa, apxa skxawng<br />
<br />
:I can't think of any other cases where this happens, although aä and äa seem like rather unstable sequences. Until further notice, though, I think we'll allow them.<br />
<br />
===More extracts from various emails===<br />
<br />
:''Added by roger. Dates are date of answer by Frommer ''<br />
<br />
;Feb 13<br />
<br />
Keruseya tute vs. ke rey a tute (don't attach the ke or a, since rey is a finite verb) is parallel to "dead (= non-living) person" vs. "person who doesn't live OR isn't alive" in English. Semantically they seem pretty much the same; I'll have to think if there are any systematic differences between these forms.<br />
<br />
Note the Avatar line (which I don't believe made it into the final version of the film):<br />
<br />
:Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska'a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet.<br />
:'The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock.'<br />
<br />
To my knowledge, there's a parallel situation in French:<br />
<br />
"Laughing Cow" (brand name of a kind of cheese) could be either:<br />
<br />
:1. la vache riante<br />
or<br />
:2. la vache qui rit<br />
<br />
In 1, riante is a (feminine) participle. 2 is literally "the cow that laughs," but that's apparently the more idiomatic way to say it, since it's the actual name of the cheese. (I think all of that is correct, but my French is shaky, so it should be verified by a French speaker.)<br />
<br />
I'm not sure which is the more idiomatic expression in Na'vi, but if the meaning is clearly "dead," I'd go with kerusey.<br />
<br />
The point of participles in Na'vi is that they're ONLY used attributively. If you want a gerund, use a tì- nominalization:<br />
<br />
:1. Tìtaron lu lehrrap. 'Hunting is dangerous.'<br />
but<br />
:2. Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap. 'A hunting thanator is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
Also:<br />
<br />
:3. Palulukan a teraron lu lehrrap. 'A thanator that's hunting is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
;Feb 17<br />
:''I asked William's question about caus. v.t.'s taking the dative, and F said,''<br />
<br />
Yes and yes. Good guesses.<br />
<br />
:Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron.<br />
:‘Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede.’<br />
<br />
Cf. French:<br />
<br />
:(1) Pierre a fait construire un bateau à Paul.<br />
:Peter made Paul build a boat.<br />
<br />
:(2) Pierre a fait construire un bateau par Paul.<br />
:Peter had a boat built by Paul.<br />
<br />
For the sentence corresponding to (2)—i.e. ‘Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri’ (which sounds a bit odd)—Neytiri should not be in the dative but rather be the object of an adposition corresponding to Fr. “par.” A candidate would be fa [ADP-] = with, in the sense of “by means of.”<br />
<br />
So:<br />
<br />
:Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron.<br />
:‘Eytukand had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri.’<br />
<br />
:''I then asked about the ambiguous valency of a causative transitive Vb, and whether there was a passive in Na'vi''<br />
<br />
Correct—I haven’t included a passive because I thought that any function it would serve was already satisfied by other mechanisms in the language.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of an agentless passive, you’re right—just use fko.<br />
<br />
For passives with agents, the flexible word order of Na’vi should obviate the need for a passive, or so it would seem. There’s no semantic distinction between<br />
<br />
:(1) Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.<br />
:(2) Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.<br />
<br />
but the two are not equivalent in discourse, where focus is a consideration. In Na’vi, however, the equivalent of (3) is fully grammatical and not at all strange:<br />
<br />
:(3) Hamlet Shakespeare wrote.<br />
<br />
which should fulfill the functions of (2).<br />
<br />
But maybe not entirely. Conjoining might cause a problem. “Hamlet was written by Shakespeare and is the most famous play in the world.” If that comes from “H was written by S” and “H is X,” could you drop the second occurrence of H in the Na’vi sentence? Probably not, since the two occurrences of H (assuming the first occurrence is in the form of (3) above) are in different cases. Maybe Na’vi just doesn’t allow that kind of conjoining. Doesn’t seem unreasonable. But I’ll think more about it.<br />
<br />
I don’t think there’s a problem with valency not being indicated on the verb, but let me know if you find examples where not having such a marker would cause confusion.<br />
<br />
:''I don't think Na'vi needs a passive, since it doesn't appear to have subjects, and passives are a way of keeping subjects aligned in discourse.'' <br />
<br />
:''I asked about William's phrase (Ngeyä teri faytele a aysänumeri ngar irayo seiyi ayoe nìwotx), which F described as elegant, and attributive nouns, forgetting that it was an attributive PP: ''<br />
<br />
Well, there’s no attributive noun here! It’s rather an attributive prepositional (or I guess I should say adpositional) phrase:<br />
<br />
:[ Ngeyä [ [teri faytele] a aysänumeri ] ]<br />
<br />
Is that kosher? I think so. An attributive prepositional phrase results from the same process that yields attributive adjectives from predicate ones, parallel to an analysis that derives “good question” from “a question that is good.” Delete “that is” (when I studied lx, we used to call that WH-is, pronounced “whiz,” deletion) and then, for English, pre-pose the adjective.<br />
<br />
In Na’vi:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tìpawm lu sìltsan] a tìpawm > lu sìltsan a tìpawm > sìltsana tìpawm<br />
<br />
The middle form is perfectly grammatical, equivalent to “a question that is good.”<br />
<br />
If you can do that, then it seems a small step to do this:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tìpawm teri faytele lu] a tìpawm > teri faytele lu a tìpawm > teri faytele a tìpawm<br />
:‘a question about these matters’<br />
<br />
But your question about attributive nouns, or NPs in general, is relevant. What about:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tutean oeyä ‘eylan lu] a tutean > oeyä eylan lu a tutean >? oeyä eylan a tutean<br />
:‘the man who is my friend’<br />
<br />
The final form seems questionable to me. There should probably be a hierarchy of acceptability here, with adjectives at one end of the scale, PPs in the middle, and NPs at the other end. <br />
<br />
:''So, as we've seen, the genitive is what's used for attrib. nouns, not "a"; also, it's now confirmed that the "a" of RC's and the "a" of adj's are the same.<br />
<br />
;Feb 18<br />
<br />
Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue [...]! Slä lu sìltsan.<br />
<br />
OK, let's see . . .<br />
<br />
1. mesyalä ikran<br />
<br />
Strikes me as a little odd, but I guess it's OK. "An ikran of two wings." Parallel to "a man of few words." Genitives are used for many purposes.<br />
<br />
2. mesyalhu a ikran<br />
<br />
I like that the best. Seems quite natural.<br />
<br />
3. *mesyal a ikran<br />
<br />
Right. That should be ruled out.<br />
<br />
4. ?mesyal lu a ikran<br />
<br />
This is the most interesting one. I don't think it should be considered acceptable, but it touches on wider issues.<br />
<br />
Assuming the RC starts out this way:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[ikranur mesyal lu] a ikran<br />
<br />
[Digression: I've been preferring lu-initial order for "have" constructions: Lu ikranur mesyal. But that's not a hard-and-fast rule, so I'll keep the above order, which better reflects your example.}<br />
<br />
The question, of course, is what do you do with the coref. NP in the RC--delete or pronominalize?<br />
<br />
As I'm sure you know, languages have different hierarchies with respect to what happens to coref. NPs. Subjects are the most deletable, followed by DOs, followed by obliques, followed by comparatives . . . (It's been a long time since I looked carefully at this stuff, but I think that's correct.) So, for example, in English you can say "He's the man I spoke to" but in many other languages you have to say "He's the man that I spoke to him."<br />
<br />
In the Na'vi case, coref. NP deletion only extends as far as DOs. So for datives, you need to pronominalize:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[ikranur mesyal lu] a ikran > poru mesyal lu a ikran<br />
<br />
Other word orders work too, of course: lu poru mesyal a ikran (I like that one the best), mesyal lu poru a ikran, etc.<br />
<br />
===Trials & transitivity===<br />
''Wasn't this a Jane Austen novel?''<br />
<br />
''Doesn't look like this was ever posted. Don't know why; it was held up for a while as part of the ''Ma Sempul'' project, but then F specifically said it was okay to release. —[[User:Roger|Roger]]''<br />
<br />
:The regular pronouns are as follows, listed in the order Singular, Dual, Trial, Plural:<br />
<br />
:{| class=wikitable<br />
! Regular pronouns !! sing. !! dual !! trial !! plural<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, exclusive || ''oe'' || ''moe'' || ''pxoe'' || ''ayoe''<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, inclusive || — || ''oeng'' || ''pxoeng'' || ''ayoeng/awnga''<br />
|-<br />
| 2nd person || ''nga'' || ''menga'' || ''pxenga'' || ''aynga''<br />
|-<br />
| 3rd person || ''po'' || ''mefo'' || ''pxefo'' || ''(ay)fo''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:Note the alternate forms of the 1st Pers. Incl. Pl. form. The advantage of the ''aw-'' forms (unrelated, by the way, to '''aw'', one) is that most of the declined forms are 2 syllables rather than 3, or 3 rather than 4. Example: ''ayoengal'' (3 syll.) vs. ''awngal'' (2 syll.).<br />
<br />
:Formal forms: Only for 1st pers. excl. and 2nd pers.<br />
<br />
:{| class=wikitable<br />
! Formal pronouns !! sing. !! dual !! trial !! plural<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, exclusive || ''ohe'' || ''mohe'' || ''pxohe'' || ''ayohe''<br />
|-<br />
| 2nd person || ''ngenga'' || ''mengenga'' || ''pxengenga'' || ''ayngenga''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:For inclusive forms, you use separate pronouns, e.g., ''ohe ngengasì'' (where ''sì'' is "and" cliticized to the second element).<br />
<br />
:Verb forms: The honorific/ceremonial ''-uy-'' is a second-position infix (e.g., occurs in the second syllable of disyllabic roots) in the same position as the other attitudinals like ''-ei-''. (It can't co-occur with them; you can only choose one attitudinal, if any.)<br />
<br />
:So for ''taron'', which I've been using as a model verb, you have forms like:<br />
<br />
::''tolaruyon'', ''tayaruyon'', etc.<br />
<br />
:Keep in mind, though, that once you've used this form in discourse, you don't have to keep using it. It's "understood" from then on.<br />
<br />
''Then this came out end Jan.''<br />
<br />
:As for "because":<br />
<br />
:''Talun'' [ta smukan Skyinou] is almost exactly one of the words I came up with! I had come up with taluna, from ''ta + lun'' (reason) + ''a,'' in keeping with the idea that the clause following "because" is modifying the head noun ''lun,'' so that "a" is required. But I can see that over time the final a could drop . . . so I'm happy to parenthesize it in the glossary: ''talun(a).''<br />
<br />
:There's a related word ''oeyk'' (2 syllables, stress on the 2nd) meaning 'cause.' The corresponding conjunction is ''taweyka'' (with the obvious small sound changes). And in keeping with the above argument, I'll go with ''taweyk(a).''<br />
<br />
:So it's ''talun(a)'' or ''taweyk(a),'' which are pretty much synonyms. Take your pick!<br />
<br />
:By the way, a related word is ''tafral,'' meaning 'therefore, because of that.' (The derivation is probably pretty clear.) It's an adverb, unlike ''talun(a)'' and ''taweyk(a),'' which are conjunctions.<br />
<br />
:Perfect analysis of ''sìlpey,'' comparing it to ''ralpeng.'' Yup, that's it! [(tìlaw ta Prrton) meaning that they inflect on the verbal stems pey and peng and not on sìl- or ral-.]<br />
<br />
:And speaking of Neytiri's and Jake's eveng . . . and ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' . . . that's one for JC to figure out. <g><br />
<br />
:''hol'' = few.<br />
<br />
''Note we now have ''oeyk'' "a cause", ''eyk'' "to lead", and <eyk> CAUS.''<br />
<br />
;Feb 15<br />
<br />
:A couple of things to note:<br />
<br />
:1. Mìso and neto are both adverbs meaning "away." The former is positional: Stay away! The latter is directional: Go away!<br />
<br />
:2. Imperatives, either positive or negative, have two forms: either the bare root or the -iv- form. At an earlier point in the history of the language there was probably a polite/familiar distinction (the -iv- form being the politer one), but that's no longer the case. They're used interchangeably. So to say "Go!" you can say either kivä or just kä.<br />
<br />
:This is an important grammatical point. (Feel free to share.) 'Change' is indeed "latem," but it's the intransitive version, as in "Everything is changing." To change SOMETHING, you need the transitive version, which is achieved through a causative: to change something is to cause something to change.<br />
<br />
:The causative infix is -eyk-, which is in "pre-first" position--that is, it comes before the familiar first-position infixes like -iv-, -ol-, etc. So for the imperative you can say either leykatem or leykivatem.<br />
<br />
:"Begin" works similarly: sngä'i is intransitive: Something is beginning. To begin or start something, you need the causative form: sngeykä'i. Oel sngeykolä'i tìkangkemit. 'I began the work.'<br />
<br />
===Evidential===<br />
''Quoted by Roger, February 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/the-evidential-at-last/msg106055/#msg106055 source])''<br />
<br />
Ma oeyä eylan,<br />
<br />
Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fi’ut.<br />
<br />
[ -ìrm- : past proximate imperfective – “was just thinking . . . “<br />
<br />
-ats- : 2nd position infix indicating uncertainty or indirect knowledge: “you might want.” Could be used with “kxawm,” redundantly, for reinforcement.]<br />
<br />
I was corresponding with someone from Wales, and the question of lenition in Celtic came up. I mentioned the connection to Na’vi and thought you might to see it too. No new content here, just history. :-)<br />
<br />
“In 1998 I visited Ireland and of course wanted to try to learn a little Irish for the occasion. Wow! I consider myself a pretty sophisticated language learner, but Irish knocked me for a loop. (And they say English spelling is hard!) I found the mutations—if I remember correctly, eclipsis and lenition—very interesting. And lenition wound up influencing Na’vi. I had also studied Hebrew, where there’s a process of “spirantization” that has something of the same effect although in different environments, so that was an influence as well.<br />
<br />
“The final influence was Malay/Indonesian, where certain prefixes mutate the initial consonant of the root. It always tickled me that in a Malay dictionary, you need to look up the word “menarik” under T, the word “memandang” under P, and the word “menyatukan” under S! And that situation, of course, has a parallel in Na’vi, with the “short plurals.” (You look up “hilvan” under K, “sute” under T, “fizayu” under P, etc.)<br />
<br />
Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Ok ===<br />
''Reported by Prrton, Feb 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/ok!-we-got-ok/ source]).''<br />
<br />
.. go with "tam."<br />
<br />
As you know, the verb means "suffice, 'do'" as in, "That'll do."<br />
<br />
In the film, I think Grace says "Tsun tivam" in response to Norm's (very good, if formal) Na'vi. Or at least that was once going to be in the film. (As I mentioned, I have a hard time keeping track of what wound up in the final version and what got cut.)<br />
<br />
So saying "tam" for "OK" seems appropriate. It's easy to say...<br />
<br />
=== Zenke ===<br />
''Reported by roger, Feb 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/mustnt-vs-dont-need-to/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Sìltsan nìtxan. Tìng nari nekll.<br />
<br />
:[That is, "See below", where he interlaced his answers w my questions, which I'll put in italics. Comments I'm adding now are in brackets.]<br />
<br />
[embedded email]<br />
<br />
:Did I get this right?<br />
<br />
:Hém geyä zégke fkóru livú cá(y)hem a gáru pŕrte' ke lú.<br />
<br />
:[this was the Golden Rule]<br />
<br />
Very fine. I’ve spelled it zenke, even though it’s pronounced with a velar nasal. And I realize I’ve been inconsistent in doing that, since I’ve spelled lumpe with an m rather than the underlying n. Was probably influenced by English (“impossible,” but “income”). But maybe a little inconsistency isn’t the worst thing in the world.<br />
<br />
BTW, zenke and ke zene are semantically distinct:<br />
<br />
Nga zenke kivä! ‘You must not go!’<br />
<br />
Nga ke zene kivä. ‘It’s not obligatory (OR: it’s not a must) that you go.’<br />
<br />
And how many people have adopted the “scientific” transcription? It’s nice to see it, although I don’t think it will ever become as popular as the “official” one. (Notice what happens when you write Tsu’tey in scientific. NOT a good association with that character. <g>)<br />
<br />
:and is zegke short for zene ke ?<br />
<br />
:This one seems clear:<br />
<br />
:lǐ'fyari leNá'vi Ŕrtamì vay sét 'almóg a frá'u zerá'u ta gŕrpogu<br />
<br />
:assuming Rrta for "Earth"; confirms grr "root" and past pfv. I assume future pfv would be 'alyog.<br />
<br />
Right. As you now know, it’s ‘Rrta.<br />
<br />
*maw (ADP-) = after (time)<br />
*hìkrr (stress on 1st) = second, very short time<br />
*tätxaw (stress in 2nd) = return (intrans.)<br />
*Maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw.<br />
<br />
=== Sar, Fìtxan ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, Feb 18, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/score!-(1)-the-verb-to-use-(2)-more-detail-on-teya-si/ source]).''<br />
<br />
'''*Fayl*ìri lEksel irayo seiyi oe ngar, ma oeyä 'eylan. Tsat sayar oel nìltsan.'''<br />
<br />
'''Tewti! Ngeyä lì'fya leNa'vi txantsan lu nìngay. Fwa sute pxel nga tsun oeyä hì'ia tìngopit sivar fte pivlltxe nìlor fìtxan oeru teya si.'''<br />
<br />
sar = 'to use'<br />
<br />
fìtxan = 'so, to such an extent'<br />
<br />
oeru teya si: 'fills me' (an idiom, English version courtesy James Cameron; understood: "with satisfaction, with joy")<br />
<br />
=== Ngeyä kxetse lu oeru ===<br />
''From the newspaper contest, quoted by Prrton, Feb 22, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/your-projects-other-resources/la-times-navi-challenge-poll-please-vote/msg109545/#msg109545 source]).''<br />
<br />
'''Congratulations to Eri!'''<br />
<br />
''' 'Oleyng nga nìltsan, ma Eri! Ngari Nawma Sa'nok lrrtok soleiyi.'''<br />
<br />
Your entry in the "You're Going Down" contest, "Oeru lu ngeyä kxetse--Your tail is mine" was the clear winner!<br />
<br />
I've already submitted it to the Los Angeles Times editor. The only revision I made was to change the word order to place more emphasis on the "mine":<br />
<br />
'''Ngeyä kxetse lu oeru.'''<br />
<br />
(The end of the sentence is where the "punch" comes.)<br />
<br />
And thanks to everyone who entered and voted.<br />
<br />
'''Irayo ayngaru nìwotx!'''<br />
<br />
Kìyevame,<br />
<br />
Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Adjective Comparatives ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, Feb 23, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/prrwll-moss-the-comparative-to-construct/ source]).''<br />
<br />
:..Is this correct? :<br />
<br />
:: '''Oeru ke tsun livam ke'u lor to Eywa'evengä na'ring a lew säpoli fa prrwll,'''<br />
:: '''kxawm mungwrr fìkifkey a lew säpìyevi fa fpom sì lì'fya leNa'vi.'''<br />
<br />
Very fine.<br />
<br />
Only one suggestion...<br />
<br />
The verb säpìyevi: Why subjunctive? Why not simply säpìyi?<br />
<br />
Argument in favor of the subjunctive: It's a world that MIGHT soon cover itself . . . etc.<br />
<br />
Arguments in favor of the indicative:<br />
<br />
(1) Your translation seems to indicate you're thinking of a world that WILL soon cover itself . . . etc.<br />
(2) I like the clear parallelism between säpoli and säpìyi.<br />
(3) The indicative is one syllable shorter.<br />
<br />
So I'm somewhat more in favor of the indicative, säpìyi. But I think you could justify either version. Your call...<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
Oeri/oeru is often a toss-up. With "lam," though, I think the dative is marginally better, since it's natural for "seem" to take the dative:<br />
<br />
"It seems to me . . . " But you could make a case for oeri as well.<br />
<br />
The syntax of comparatives is perhaps a bit unusual.<br />
<br />
To say "A is adj-er than B," you simply say "A to B lu adj."<br />
<br />
Example: Po to oe lu sìltsan. (not "sìltsan nì'ul")<br />
<br />
No "comparative degree" of the adjective is used.<br />
<br />
Cf. Mandarin:<br />
<br />
Ta bi wo hao.<br />
<br />
=== Tag Question ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon&diff=2786Canon2010-03-21T07:33:16Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''The Na'vi language canon''' is the complete collection of information about the Na'vi language provided by authoritative sources, namely Paul Frommer and the creators of ''Avatar'' (James Cameron and Twentieth Century Fox).<br />
<br />
The canon comprises two things:<br />
* words and phrases spoken or written in Na'vi<br />
* descriptions of the linguistic elements of Na'vi such as orthography, morphology, syntax, and grammar<br />
<br />
The Na'vi words and phrases from canonical sources are presented or linked to on the [[Corpus]] page (where copyright allows). Documentation, explanation, and analysis of Na'vi linguistics are presented on other Learn Na'vi wiki pages ([[Phonology]], [[Morphology]], [[Grammar]], etc.). This page serves to document the canonical sources themselves.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
This page includes information dated '''Dec 2009 - Feb 2010'''. <br />
To access '''more recent information''' please see [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Epistles_from_Karyu_Pawl_|_2010_March_-_June Epistles from Karyu Pawl 2010, March - June].'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
== List of Canonical Sources ==<br />
<br />
The canonical material we have available to date includes:<br />
* The film ''Avatar''<br />
* The Activist Survival Guide<br />
* Paul Frommer's post to Language Log and his later reply to comments there<br />
* The media interviews Frommer has given (mostly around the release of the movie)<br />
* Private correspondence between Frommer and people interested in his language<br />
* The form letter Frommer emailed to his many correspondents in late 2009 and early 2010<br />
* The out-of-office auto-reply message Frommer set up during the semester break in December 2009<br />
* A partial page of Na'vi dialog from ''Avatar'' used by Sam Worthington ("Jake Sully"), as seen in close-up during a behind-the-scenes video released by Fox<br />
* "A Message From Paul" - his message to the Na'vi language community on January 21, 2010<br />
* The [http://forum.learnnavi.org/mgallery/?sa=item;id=56 materials he prepared] for the March 5 Good Morning America spot<br />
<br />
== Commercial Sources ==<br />
<br />
The film ''Avatar'' ([http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/ IMDB link]) contains numerous examples of both human and Na'vi characters speaking in Na'vi. Some of the Na'vi dialog is subtitled in English (or in the local language where ''Avatar'' has been released in non-English-speaking countries).<br />
<br />
''Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora'' aka "The Activist Survival Guide" or "ASG" ([http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061896756?ie=UTF8&tag=sebaswolff-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0061896756 Amazon link], [http://browseinside.harpercollins.com/index.aspx?isbn13=9780061896750 Browsable link from publisher]) is an official companion book to the movie. It includes a Na'vi-English word list and two Na'vi songs with English translations. It also includes an account of animal and plant life containing some "Na'vi" words that violate what we know of Na'vi phonetics.<br />
<br />
== Na'vi Dialog for Jake ==<br />
<br />
From a Fox-authorized video on YouTube, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11DLOVLj8xo Avatar The Movie James Cameron Avatar The Movie Behind The Scenes Making The Movie 2]. There's a brief video close-up of some of Jake's Na'vi dialog, "Na'vi Dialog for Jake - 3-13-2007." The stress accent is marked with the underline. See also [http://i46.tinypic.com/29ekdqr.png this still-frame image] from the video. See [[Corpus#Behind the Scenes|the Corpus page]] for a transcription. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/vocab-phrases/behind-the-scenes-navi-dialog-for-jake/msg37036/#msg37036 this forum thread] for discussion. Since the dialog is Jake's, there is some concern the sentences may not be perfectly grammatical.<br />
<br />
== Interviews with Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
Shortly before and after ''Avatar's'' release, Paul Frommer gave interviews to several media outlets in which he discussed the Na'vi language and its use in the film. He provided some examples of the language (written in print interviews, spoken in audio and video interviews). He also explained some of its unusual features and talked generally about how the language was developed and the work he did for the film. As the interviews and media stories were intended for general audiences, they provide little detailed information about Na'vi linguistics.<br />
<br />
A complete list of Frommer's media appearances is on the [[Resources]] page ([[Resources#Media_Stories_About_the_Na.27vi_Language_-_Print|Print]]; [[Resources#Media_Stories_About_the_Na.27vi_Language_-_Audio_and_Video|Audio and Video]]).<br />
<br />
== Paul Frommer's Language Log Post ==<br />
<br />
On December 19, 2009 (the day after ''Avatar's'' release) Paul Frommer made a guest post on the linguistics blog [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/ Language Log] titled [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 "Some highlights of Na’vi"]. In that post, he provided an extensive but by no means complete description of the Na'vi language covering phonetics and phonology, word classes and morphology, and syntax. The blog post attracted many comments, and on December 21 Frommer posted a reply addressing many of them, providing clarifications and some additional information about the language.<br />
<br />
To date, Frommer's post remains the largest single ''direct'' source of information about Na'vi linguistics. A great deal of additional information has been learned by analyzing the [[Corpus]], and Frommer has provided additional information in smaller amounts as described elsewhere on this page, but the Language Log post provided the foundation upon which our understanding of Na'vi has been built.<br />
<br />
== Public Email From Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
In late December 2009 and early January 2010, Paul Frommer began replying to his many email correspondents with a form letter, reproduced here from [http://forum.learnnavi.org/website-info/message-from-dr-frommer/ this post] on the [http://forum.learnnavi.org/ Learn Na'vi forum]:<br />
<br />
<blockquote><br />
Kaltxì, and thanks for your interest in Na’vi.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
The enthusiastic response to the language has been very gratifying. I wish I could answer all your e-mails personally, but the volume has been staggering, so I hope you’ll forgive this generic message.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Irayo to everyone who thanked me for the effort and wished me well. It’s been a privilege to be involved in something as extraordinary as “Avatar,” and I couldn’t be happier that people feel my contribution added to the film.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
For those who have expressed interest in learning the language, thank you! The way Na’vi will live and grow is for enthusiasts like yourselves to take it up and expand it beyond its present boundaries. I hope that not too long from now there will be learning tools available to make that possible. Film consultants like me, however, don’t own the rights to the products or services we provide, so I can’t put out any such materials on my own—they’ll have to be in cooperation with the people who brought you “Avatar.” We’ve already begun thinking about that, and I hope that some official form of “Learn Na’vi!” will soon be available to the public.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
In the meantime, a number of people have put up unofficial web sites talking about various aspects of Na’vi. Some of those are quite good, others are only speculative, and still others are highly inaccurate. The Wikipedia article on Na’vi, although not a complete description of the language, is well done and reliable.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu. See you again, and may Eywa be with you.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Paul Frommer<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
Around the same time period, during semester break at the University of Southern California where he teaches, correspondents emailing Frommer received an out-of-office auto-reply message which included the following sign-off:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>Ayftozä lefpom ayngaru nìwotx! Happy Holidays to You All!</blockquote><br />
<br />
== A Message From Paul ==<br />
<br />
On January 20, Paul Frommer sent a message to the Na'vi language community expressing his appreciation for the community's interest in the language. The message was sent as Na'vi text, English text, and audio of Frommer speaking the message in Na'vi. Frommer also provided a version of the text marked for stress.<br />
<br />
To date, this message is the largest single authoritative example of written and spoken Na'vi (other than the film dialog, for which there are no canonical Na'vi transcriptions). Consisting of fourteen sentences, many of them lengthy and complex, the message contained previously unseen grammatical constructs and added many new words to the Na'vi lexicon. Frommer signed the message ''"Your friend and teacher, Paul."''<br />
<br />
The message can be [http://masempul.org/upxare-niinglisi/ read and heard in its entirety] at the site [http://masempul.org masempul.org]. The stress-marked version is on the [[Corpus]] page at [[Corpus#A_Message_From_Paul|A Message From Paul]].<br />
<br />
== Private Correspondence With Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
Many people interested in learning more about Na'vi have sent questions to Paul Frommer. Frommer is not always able to reply, but he has on several occasions given answers which have provided greater insight into the language. Some of those answers have been shared with the Na'vi language community; those answers are documented here.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>'''Note:''' ''communication between Dr. Frommer and his correspondents is inherently private.'' How much of that communication to share, and whether to share anything at all, is a personal decision. No one should ever feel obligated to share anything, and no one should ever expect or demand that others do so.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
'''Note also:''' ''Dr. Frommer is a party in these communications, and his privacy must be respected as well.'' If you have received something from Dr. Frommer and are considering sharing it with the community, '''do not do so''' until you are confident that he has no objections.</blockquote><br />
<br />
If you have new information from Dr. Frommer about the Na'vi language that has not been published elsewhere, '''and''' you are comfortable sharing it, '''and''' you are certain that he does not mind you doing so, then (and only then) please consider making it available to the Na'vi community so that it can become part of the canon and improve everyone's knowledge.<br />
<br />
If you do publish your correspondence, please only publish the parts that are directly related to the Na'vi language, such as new words and phrases or new grammatical rules. Post excerpts only. Leave out anything that might be a personal matter for either you or Dr. Frommer. When possible, post direct quotations from Dr. Frommer so that we can all see what his exact words and intentions are. When you are not comfortable giving direct quotes, a summary or paraphrase is still valuable and welcome, but take care to not present your own interpretation as his words.<br />
<br />
=== Extracts from various emails ===<br />
''Added by roger. Dates are date of answer by Frommer''<br />
<br />
;Dec 15<br />
:'''Kaltxì ngaru.'''<br />
<br />
;Dec 18<br />
''on monosyllabic verbs''<br />
<br />
:And yes, you can see where ''längu'' comes from. ''Lu,'' as you know, is ‘to be.’ So you have inflected forms like ''lolu, leru, layu,'' etc. Those are all with 1st position infixes. Of course you can also have forms like ''lereiu, lolängu,'' etc.<br />
<br />
:One thing I didn’t mention in the post is that whatever vowel receives stress in the root retains that stress in the inflected forms. So all of these forms of ''lu'' are stressed on the last syllable.<br />
<br />
;Dec 21<br />
:Glad you liked the x-digraphs. I'm not thrilled about digraphs in general (as I've indicated, I really wanted to use c instead of ts, as Pinyin does, and g instead of ng, as in Pago Pago), but using them here seemed to be the best choice. Since the apostrophe already meant a glottal stop, trying to use it for the ejectives as well would have resulted in ambiguities: would a sequence like hap'a indicate an ejective (i.e., ha-pxa) or a p closing one syllable followed by a glottal stop opening another (hap-'a)? They're not the same thing! <br />
<br />
;Dec 27<br />
''on why ''le''-adjectives don't take ''a,'' and on ergative case with ''futa''<br />
<br />
:The one time you don't need to use the adjectival ''a'' is with ''le-'' adjectives that follow the noun. (Having two consecutive markers in a row relating to adjectives seemed redundant. Also, I bet the ''a + le-'' combination would tend to decay over time on phonological grounds.) It's not wrong to put in the ''a'' in such cases, but it can be optionally omitted, and usually is.<br />
<br />
:If a ''le-'' adjective precedes its noun, however, you need the ''a.''<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:'''ayftxozä lefpom'''<br />
:'''ayftxozä alefpom'''<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>lefpom ayftxozä<br />
:'''lefpoma ayftxozä'''<br />
<br />
:As for ''futa'' and ''oel'':<br />
<br />
:''Futa'' is a contraction of ''fì'ut a. Fì'u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction.' Here it has the objective (or "patientive") marker ''t.''<br />
<br />
:The idea is that ''fpìl'' 'think' is transitive: you think SOMETHING, which is a thought. (It's transitive in the same way that "create" is transitive: you bring something, the object created, into being.) The a is just the usual "modifying a," as in the adjective examples above.<br />
<br />
:So the sense is, "I thought this thing, (namely) that . . . " And therefore ''oel'' is in the agentive or ergative case, while ''fì'ut'' is in the objective or patientive case.<br />
<br />
;Dec 28<br />
''I also take it that "N le-ADJ lu" is ambiguous between attributive adj. w existential vb and predicative adj. w copula. ... I assume <arm> is <a<er>m> PST.IMPV''<br />
<br />
:Right. I don't think that's a problem, but if need be, a speaker could disambiguate by including the a (optional here) for the attributive case and postposing the adjective after the copula for the predicative case.<br />
<br />
''Are the esses in ''slu'' and ''sìltsan'' related?''<br />
<br />
:As for ''slu/lu,'' I haven't developed anything like a consistent s-derivation. (I could think about that, though.) The ''sìltsan/nìltsan'' pair isn't related—''nìltsan'' is simply a development of *nìsìltsan, which I think could be natural. I wanted to avoid a 3-syllable word for 'well'!<br />
<br />
:Good guesses about ''-arm-'' and ''-iv-.'' ;-)<br />
<br />
;Dec 31<br />
''In ''Tsakrr nga Na'viru yomtìyìng'' "then you will feed the People", shouldn't ''nga'' be in the ergative?''<br />
<br />
:You'd think the verb is transitive, which would require the ergative case. But ''yomtìyìng'' 'feed' is from ''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give.' So there's no DO, and the verb is thought of intransitively, along the lines of 'engage in eat-giving.' ''Na'viru,'' as you know, is in the dative. So the whole thing is rather like, "Then you will engage in (or do) eat-giving to/for the people." There's a whole class of verbs that work on a similar principle.<br />
<br />
:To say "you feed the people meat," you need a different structure. It would probably just be with the verb ''tìng,'' where 'you' is ergative/agentive, 'meat' objective/patientive, and 'the people' dative.<br />
<br />
:A bit odd, perhaps, but I think it works.<br />
<br />
:'''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'''<br />
<br />
;Dec 31, on the SG<br />
:You're quite right that the words you've listed below are not at all in keeping with Na'vi phonology. I've never seen them before.<br />
<br />
:As for ''aylaberu,'' the ''b'' should be an ''h.''<br />
<br />
;Jan 07<br />
:'''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 09<br />
:There's no -ev- infix. The line from the film "Let her walk among us . . ." is:<br />
<br />
:'''Tivìran po ayoekip . . .'''<br />
<br />
:(Walk: ''tìran.'' The infix ''-iv-'' is subjunctive, here an "optative." Po is used for he/she unless it's desirable to make a gender distinction--e.g. to avoid ambiguity in discourse.)<br />
<br />
:About the movie dialog: Keep in mind that there's variation in all languages. Some of it is due to dialectal differences, some to performance errors, some to fast-speech phenomena . . . In other words, it's not necessarily the case that everything you hear in the movie theater prefectly represents standard, canonical Na'vi. Also, remember that Jake, Grace, and Norm speak Na'vi as a second language! It would be especially unrealistic to expect them to be perfect.<br />
<br />
:As for ''ko,'' I don't know any Japanese but I did have in mind Mandarin ba, a sentence-final particle glossed by Li and Thompson as "solicit agreement." Typical translations of ba are: "Don't you think so?" "Wouldn't you agree?" "Let's . . ." "Why don't you . . ." "I'll do X, OK?" I've used ko for all such things, maybe a bit more widely than ba.<br />
<br />
;Jan 19<br />
:'''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
''Why is there no overt SBRD w modals?''<br />
:That's how I've been handling want, can, and must: via a simple, shorter structure, where the subject in the main clause is considered intransitive, and there's no overt subject in the subordinate clause if they're identical:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä.''' 'I want to go.'<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä.''' 'I can go.'<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä.''' 'I must go.'<br />
:(Different word orders are possible in all of these, of course: '''Zene oe kivä,''' etc.)<br />
<br />
:So in these cases, the ''-iv-'' form of the verb functions somewhat like an infinitive. (But never like a gerund!)<br />
<br />
:You can also use the longer form:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (oe) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:But that's less common.<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
:Oh, btw, for ''pxeeveng'' etc. . . . Yeah, you're right. It should contract to '''pxeveng.''' (Likewise for *meeveng > '''meveng.''') I've gone back and forth on the contraction question when two identical vowels naturally come together as they do here. I should be consistent. <br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
''So, what if the verb after the modal is transitive?''<br />
:If the 2nd verb has the same subject as the first, it's pretty straightforward:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new yivom teylut.''' 'I want to eat teylu.'<br />
<br />
:(Back in the dark ages when I had my first syntax courses, that would have been termed an instance of equi-NP deletion.)<br />
<br />
[section on when the subject differs removed for the time being]<br />
<br />
;Jan 21<br />
''Do we get that long form w other modals?''<br />
<br />
:No, with ''tsun'' and ''zene,'' the plain subjunctive is the only possibility.<br />
<br />
;Jan 20, <br />
''on our proofreading of his message''<br />
:'''Eylanur oeyä Kwami sì Prrton . . .'''<br />
<br />
:''Ma Kwami:''<br />
<br />
:'''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!''' [ ''flä'' = 'succeed' ]<br />
<br />
:Just a couple of things to adjust:<br />
<br />
:''yawn'' is not actually the verb 'love.' Rather, '''yawne'' means 'beloved.' (For the noun, the ''e'' has dropped. Happens a lot.) So . . . how would you say 'I love you?' :-)<br />
<br />
:'Work' needs some explanation, which I'll provide when I have a bit more time. Hint: '''kan''' is the verb meaning 'aim.'<br />
<br />
:'Best' is simply ''swey.''<br />
<br />
:Rule is '''koren'''. If it were ''horen,'' then there would be no short form for the plural—you'd have to say ''ayhoren.''<br />
<br />
:''Ma Prrton:''<br />
<br />
:'''Ngal oeyä 'upxaret aysuteru fpole' a fì'uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!''<br />
<br />
:(Alternately: ''Furia ngal . . . fpole', ngaru . . . '')<br />
<br />
:[I'm debating whether standard punctuation should include the comma.]<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
:''Eywa'evengä'' is OK. ''Eywa'eveng'' = Pandora, lit. 'child of Eywa.' Jim's coinage, not mine. (He has the right!) But it works as a compound. <br />
<br />
;Jan 21<br />
''on our guesses for 'I love you'''<br />
<br />
:Re "love": The "indirect" way is correct.<br />
<br />
:I've been playing around with word orders to come up with the most euphonious version. For me, it's:<br />
<br />
:'''Nga yawne lu oer.'''<br />
<br />
:Five syllables (sentence stress on YAWN, of course), not too long . . . sounds good, I think. The laudatory infix (as someone has dubbed it) ''-ie-'' is possible but not necessary, and I've been omitting it here. "Love" itself is positive enough that it's probably redundant, and all other things being equal, shorter is better.<br />
<br />
:As for the sentence with ''tìyawn si,'' yes, that might mean something different. I'll have to think about it!<br />
<br />
:OK, here's a grammatical point I haven't yet talked about explicitly:<br />
<br />
:"Si constructions" have a special syntax. They're considered intransitive--a bit strange, perhaps, but reasonable, I think. That is, "X si" is thought of as "engage in the X-activity," an intransitive concept. What would normally be considered the object is then in the dative, along the lines of, "engage in the X-activity to/for Y."<br />
<br />
:So rather than *Oel ngati tìyawn si," we have ''Oe ngaru tìyawn si.''<br />
<br />
:The literal, pidgen-English translation would be something like "I do loving to/for you."<br />
<br />
:As I said, I'll to think about the implications of that!<br />
<br />
:BTW, [...] I may have forgotten to mention this in the LL post, but the "pseudo-vowels" rr and ll only exist in open syllables. (If you see I've violated that anywhere, please let me know . . . it's not impossible.) [...] '''Lu ngeyä tìftxey!'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 21: <br />
''But the stress shift in ''oe'' would result in the consonant clusters ?/mw/ and ?/pxw/ in the pronouns.''<br />
<br />
:No new C-clusters! The phonotactics are [in]violable.<br />
<br />
:In the dual and trial, the stress on the ''oe'' element does not shift. So ''pxoengaru'' has 4 syllables.<br />
<br />
:In the 1st pers. dual inclusive, however, the problem doesn't arise, because there's no ''me-'' prefix. It's just "you (sg.) and me," i.e. naturally dual, so you don't need the marker. The forms are simply ''oeng'' (N.B.: no ''-a''), ''oengal, oengat(i),'' etc.<br />
<br />
;Jan 21: <br />
''How about ''Plltxe fko san X fyape nìNa'vi?'' or ''X sìk nìNa'vi plltxe fxo fyape?'' for "How do you say X in Na'vi?"''<br />
<br />
:There's an easier and more concise way:<br />
<br />
:'''X nìNa'vi slu upe?'''<br />
<br />
:(As you know, ''slu'' = 'become')<br />
<br />
:It's an example of a neat structure I adapted from Persian:<br />
<br />
:''X be-faarsi chi mishe?'' X in-Persian what becomes?<br />
<br />
:BTW, I've been thinking of '''san . . . sìk''' as correlatives, always occurring together. The only exception is if you're quoting someone and you end with material still in the quote. Then you don't have to say "unquote."<br />
<br />
''I'm not following.''<br />
<br />
:Well, let's see . . .<br />
<br />
:Suppose the sentence is, "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him."<br />
<br />
:Everything converts to direct speech, so it would be:<br />
<br />
:'''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw.'''<br />
<br />
:(Note: *pollltxe > ''poltxe'' )<br />
<br />
:But if it's simply "Eytukan said he would go," and you end your speech turn there, then it's not necessary to have the concluding ''sìk''—it's "understood."<br />
<br />
''Ah, okay. So "he said X" would use just ''san,'' "X he said" would use just ''sìk,'' right?''<br />
<br />
:Yes, "He said X" would just use ''san'' if you ended there and didn't continue.<br />
<br />
:As for whether "X he said" would only use ''sìk'' and omit the initial ''san'' . . . I think that depends.<br />
<br />
:Example:<br />
<br />
:Suppose in a conversation in English you said the following:<br />
<br />
:(1) "I'm planning to sell everything I have and move to Nepal, where I'm going to take up mountain climbing and flower arranging," he said.<br />
<br />
:Since your listeners can't see the quotation marks, would it be clear to them from the start that you're talking about someone else's plans, not your own? It probably depends heavily on the context. Come to think of it, though, (1) would be very unnatural in conversation, wouldn't it? You see that structure in written material all the time, but people don't speak that way. So "X he said" questions might be rare in discourse.<br />
<br />
''And it looks like only direct speech is allowed?''<br />
<br />
:Right.<br />
<br />
''In 'how do you say', was'' 'upe'' rather than ''upe'' a typo?''<br />
<br />
:Not a typo, a goof! It is of course'' 'upe,'' with stress on the first syllable. Thanks for the catch.<br />
<br />
:The other form, as you know, is ''peu,'' without the glottal stop, stress on the second.<br />
<br />
:So you can also have:<br />
<br />
:'''X nìNa'vi slu peu?'''<br />
<br />
:Either one is fine.<br />
<br />
;Jan 27 <br />
''on making a mistake:''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel foru fìaylì'ut tolìng a krr, kxawm oe harmahängaw.'''<br />
<br />
:[hahaw = sleep, stress on 1st]<br />
<br />
:[-arm- is one of the fused infixes that combine tense and aspect.]<br />
<br />
:'''Irayo nìmun.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 31<br />
''on asking how to say 'good night' ''<br />
<br />
:Let's make it '''txon lefpom.'''<br />
<br />
:''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)<br />
<br />
:A bit expected, perhaps, but I think it has a nice quality, with the two o's.<br />
<br />
:As you know, le- adjectives don't take "modifying a" when post-nominal.<br />
<br />
:The full version would be, "Txon lefpom livu ngar."<br />
<br />
;Feb 1<br />
''what's the diff tween 'vay' and 'mi'? ''<br />
<br />
:''Vay'' (ADP-) means 'up to.' It can be used in several senses, not just temporal: "He counted up to 35" or "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" (a line from one of the video games).<br />
<br />
:Note ''vaykrr'' (CONJ): until.<br />
<br />
''how is dropping the 'a' from 'taluna' and 'taweyka' affected by swapping clause order?''<br />
<br />
:Yes, good point--the 'a' can drop only if the construction is head first, with the reason clause following. There's precedent for that kind of thing, however. With le- adjectives, the 'a' drops when the adjective is post-nominal but not when it's pre-:<br />
<br />
:''txon lefpom<br />
:*lefpom txon<br />
:''lefpoma txon<br />
<br />
:I hadn't thought of ''atalun'' vs. ''alunta''! Interesting. Let me consider that, and whether it has implications for other conjunctions. For the time being, though, let's make the canonical form ''alunta.''<br />
<br />
=== Pronunciation of a ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;In your Language Log, you show in the trapezium that [a] is the low back vowel, in contrast to [æ]. Did you mean to say [ɑ]? I am aware that you use an old American system.<br />
<br />
:I meant [a], a low central vowel; essentially the corresponding vowel in Spanish and Italian, or in the standard American pronunciation of 'hot.' So you're right: phonetically it's not really back.<br />
<br />
=== Transitivity ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
'''Is transitivity lexically marked: you've shown that 'promise' is ditransitive in the guide, but what about the other words? Will you be showing us how to do this soon?'''<br />
<br />
:Well, I've been pretty much leaving it up to the semantics to determine what's transitive and what's not, when it's clear. "Sleep" is clearly intransitive, for example; "kill" is clearly transitive. So I don't need to annotate those in the lexicon. For verbs like 'begin,' however, you have to be told which one you're talking about. So for those, I've indicated the type in the complete glossary. Until that's published, let me know what's not obvious and I'll get back to you.<br />
<br />
=== Monosyllabic Stress ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;I've noticed in a shot of a script that you stress monosyllabic words when they have an inflection (and therefore are polysyllabic), but not otherwise. Should all monosyllabic words be stressed normally?<br />
<br />
:Yes indeed. I underlined the stressed syllables in polysyllabic words for the actors, so they could pronounce their lines correctly. I've done that in the glossary too for all polysyllabic words.<br />
<br />
:The rule for inflected verbs is that whatever vowel is stressed in the root keeps its stress in the inflected form. So for example, the root for hunt, as you know, is '''taron''', stress on the first syllable. So all the inflected forms retain stress on the original a of the root: '''tivaron, tolaron, tayarängon,''' etc. Cf. '''pängkxo''' "chat, converse," where the stress on the ultima. The stress stays there in the inflected forms: '''pivängkxo, polängkxo, payängkxängo'''.<br />
<br />
=== sä- Prefix ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;Is '''sänume''' indicative of a '''sä'''- nomilinalizer to show the instrument of the verb?<br />
<br />
:The '''sä'''- prefix is a bit of a loose end. So far I only have one example of it in the lexicon: '''nume''' "learn" vs. '''sänume''' "teaching, instruction." You're right: I was thinking of it as something like an instrumental affix: instruction is the thing BY MEANS OF WHICH you learn. On that basis, since '''mun'i''' is the verb "cut," '''sämun'i''' could be a word for a general cutting instrument. I'll need to think more about that, however, since I'm not sure these two cases are comparable. In the second case, you have a concrete instrument, which must be present in order to implement the verb. With '''nume''', though, you can learn by other means than teaching: from experience, from trial and error, etc. So should '''sänume''' refer to any means whatsoever of learning something? I'm not sure yet. Thanks for the question!<br />
<br />
=== Verb Phrases as Objects ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
'''If a verb is understood to be transitive (depending on your answer above), when the direct object is replaced by a verb phrase, is the subject still marked as ergative? Essentially, which is more correct: Oe new pivlltxe or Oel new pivlltxe?<br />
<br />
:Good question.<br />
<br />
:First note that for "can" and "must," the subject is considered intransitive:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä'''. 'I can go.' (NOT *'''Oel tsun kivä'''.)<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä'''. 'I must go.' (NOT *'''Oel zene kivä'''.)<br />
<br />
:"Want" MAY follow the same pattern:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä'''. (That is, it patterns like a modal.)<br />
<br />
:But since want, unlike can and must, is a transitive verb, there's an alternate pattern:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (= fì'ut a) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:And you also have sentences like:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'''. "I want Taronyu to go."<br />
<br />
:So in the sentences you asked about, '''Oe new pivlltxe''' is fine. In one with '''oel''', though, insert '''futa'''.<br />
<br />
''Later in the same message:''<br />
<br />
:BTW, let's take a look at your sentence again:<br />
<br />
:(1) '''Oel new pivlltxe nìNa'vi mì oeyä letrra tìrey, (2) slä oel tsun pivey (3) trrit a ngat taying (oe new tìying!) ayoe nì'ul aylì'u!'''<br />
<br />
:(1) and (2) are virtually perfect: just change oel to oe in both cases. I like letrr for daily! I'll add that to the glossary, with RL in the Source column. :-)<br />
<br />
:(3), though, needs a little help. Are you awaiting "the day that you will give us more words?" If so, the verb for "give" is '''tìng''', so it should be:<br />
<br />
:'''trrit a nga tayìng''' (or, hopefully, '''tìyìng''') '''ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul'''.<br />
<br />
:But if I've misinterpreted you, please let me know.<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps!<br />
<br />
''In a follow-up message:''<br />
<br />
:At the end of my previous e-mail:<br />
<br />
:Let's make that--<br />
<br />
:trrit a NGAL tayìng (or, hopefully, tìyìng) ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul.<br />
<br />
:Kxeyeyri tsap'alute sengi oe. [kxeyey = mistake, error]<br />
<br />
=== Auxilary verb SI ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;Can "si" be a verb on its own, or is it always paired with something else?<br />
: Your intuitions are right. Si is only an auxiliary verb--it needs to be paired with something else. If you ant the main verb 'make,' for example, you need a different lexical item, like txula (stress on 1st) 'build, construct' or ngop 'create.'<br />
<br />
: About the only time si stands alone is when the non-verbal element has already been mentioned and is understood from the discourse:<br />
<br />
: --Nga tsap'alute soli srak?<br />
: --Soli.<br />
<br />
:(Or: Srane, soli.)<br />
=== Dative + copula possessive ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;We have seen examples of the dative and copula used for possession of abstract concepts and states, can it be used for physical possession too?<br />
: This can definitely indicate physical possession. In fact, that's the only way to express the concept of "having" in Na'vi--there's no verb 'have.'<br />
<br />
: But contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, "have" constructions usually begin with the verb. So "I have an ikran" is: Lu oeru ikran. Here, lu has the force of 'there is.'<br />
<br />
: BTW, the inspiration for this was Hebrew, which does something similar: Yesh li sefer (there-is to-me book), i.e. I have a book. The difference is that Hebrew has no copula in the present tense, so it needs a special word for there-is/are. Na'vi just uses the ordinary copula for this construction.<br />
=== Krr: noun vs adverb ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;The uses of "krr" we have seen seem to use it as a temporal adjunct more than a noun, is this a correct analysis?<br />
: Right again. Krr is a noun, but it can also be used adverbially. So tsakrr isn't just 'that time'; it's also (and more commonly) 'AT that time' or 'then.' Likewise kawkrr 'never' and frakrr 'always' are commonly used as time adverbials.<br />
<br />
: If you add a modifying clause to adverbial krr, linked of course with a, you get a "when" clause:<br />
<br />
: Ngeyä Tireaioang zola'u a krr, law layu ngaru. 'When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know.'<br />
: (Lit.: At the time that your Spirit Animal has come, it will be clear to you.)<br />
=== Causality ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;How do you express causality?<br />
: Longish story, which I'll tell another time. (There's a causative infix . . . )<br />
<br />
=== Vocabulary and <iyev> ===<br />
''Quoted by suomichris, January 30, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/my-dictionary/msg66920/#msg66920 source]).''<br />
<br />
:<u>frr</u>fen (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)<br />
:Cf. frrtu = guest<br />
:te<u>ri</u> (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP- . . . that is, an adposition that doesn't trigger lenition)<br />
:letsunslu = possible<br />
<br />
:The -iyev- infix, which I think you asked about before, is a "fused" form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive.<br />
<br />
=== Numerals ===<br />
''Quoted by Nayumeie, January 30, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/email-from-frommer-re-numbers-(or-the-full-number-chart!)/ source])<br />
:Kaltxì ma oeyä 'eylan Nayumeie,<br />
:Ngeyä pxesìpawmìri ngaru seiyi oe irayo.<br />
:'Awa tìpawmìri 'iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng.<br />
:[zusawkrr = future; in the future]<br />
<br />
:Numbers!<br />
:I have a nice complete chart, but it wouldn't be cool if I simply attached it, as I'm sure you understand. Let me convey the essence, however, in a different form.<br />
<br />
:The system, as you know, is octal:<br />
<br />
:'aw, mune, pxey, tsìng, mrr, pukap, kinä, vol<br />
:volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng, vomrr, vofu, vohin, mevol<br />
:mevolaw, mevomun, . . ., pxevol<br />
:pxevolaw, pxevomun, . . ., tsìvol<br />
:mrrvol<br />
:puvol<br />
:kivol<br />
:zam ( = 64, or 100 octal)<br />
:vozam ( = 512, or 1000 octal)<br />
:zazam ( = 4096, or 10000 octal)<br />
<br />
:First line above: In disyllables, stress is on the 1st.<br />
:Second line above: In disyllables, stress is on the 2nd, except for mevol.<br />
:Third line: Stress on the final syllables, except for pxevol.<br />
:Etc.<br />
<br />
:That should be enough for you to figure out the rest.<br />
:Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu,<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Fused -iv- Infixes ===<br />
''Quoted by suomichris, January 30, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/ source])<br />
:''Ngeyä txantsana tìpawmìri ngaru seiyi oe irayo.''<br />
<br />
:[txantsan = excellent]<br />
<br />
:A number of people have asked about this, so let me explain:<br />
<br />
:There's a small class of "fused" infixes that combine the common -iv- subjunctive/dependent verb infix with those that indicate tense and aspect. It goes like this:<br />
<br />
:PRESENT IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + IMPERFECT -er- --> -irv-<br />
:PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + PERFECT -ol- --> -ilv-<br />
:PAST SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + PAST PROXIMATE -ìm- or PAST GENERAL -am- --> -imv-<br />
<br />
:I think you can see what's happening here: the CONSONANT of the tense or aspect infix is shoved into the middle of the -iv- infix--an infix in an infix, if you will.<br />
<br />
:With the future subjunctive, there's a slight complication:<br />
<br />
:FUTURE SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + FUTURE PROXIMATE -ìy- or FUTURE GENERAL -ay- --> *-iyv-<br />
<br />
:The problem is that although a syllable can end with r, l, or m, it can't end with y (unless it's part of a diphthong, which iy is not). That would violate the phonotactic constraints of Na'vi. So an epenthetic vowel comes to the rescue: -iyev-<br />
<br />
:An alternate form of this fused infix has arisen: -ìyev-. As an instance of vowel harmony (rare in Na'vi), the high front tense vowel i has become lax (ì) under the influence of the lax vowel e in the following syllable. Both -iyve- and -ìyev- are acceptable.<br />
<br />
:So that's a very long-winded explanation of why Kìyevame means: "May (we) See (each other again) in the future."<br />
<br />
:''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì'eyng law livu ngar!''<br />
<br />
''Follow-up email correcting a typo, January 31, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/msg68133/#msg68133 source])''<br />
<br />
:Ma oeyä eylan,<br />
<br />
:Tsap'alute, mì upxare a fpole' oel ayngaru trram lu kxeyey:<br />
<br />
:KEYAWR:<br />
:Both -iyve- and -ìyev- are acceptable<br />
<br />
:EYAWR:<br />
:Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable<br />
<br />
:Irayo 'eylanur awngeyä Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun.<br />
<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
''Subsequent email regarding "rolun", summarized by suomichris ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/msg68387/#msg68387 source]):'' "Just heard back from Frommer. ''run'' means 'find, discover.'"<br />
<br />
=== Midsummer Night's Dream Vocabulary ===<br />
''Quoted by Kiliyä, January 31, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/midsummer-nights-dream-vocab-from-karyu-atxantsan-pawl/ source])<br><br />
Note: stress marking is by Kiliyä based on unquoted notes from Frommer. Kiliyä: "I have assumed that syllables in words start with a consonant, and that -wrr is the syllable's boundry in mungwrr (from munge + wrrpa, "brought outside"?) rather than mu.ngwrr."<br />
<br />
:Let me answer some of your vocabulary questions:<br />
<br />
:sweet = ka<u>lin</u><br />
:tongue = ftxì<br />
:air = ya<br />
:bud = <u>prr</u>nesyul<br />
<br />
:<u>prr</u>nen = infant, baby<br />
:<u>syu</u>lang = flower<br />
:So "bud" is an obvious compound. (Components are often truncated in Na'vi compounds.)<br />
<br />
:sick = spxin<br />
:disease = sä<u>spxin</u><br />
:the state of being ill = tì<u>spxin</u><br />
<br />
:yet, still = mi<br />
<br />
:except = mung<u>wrr</u> ADP- (that is, an adposition that doesn't trigger lenition)<br />
<br />
:game = u<u>van</u><br />
:to play = uvan si<br />
:metal (in general) = fngap<br />
<br />
:No words yet for horned, moon, favor, nor, judge/judgment. I'll be thinking about those. (I'm not sure if Pandora even has moons in its sky. Can you have a moon going around a moon?)<br />
<br />
:For "nor," you may be able to get around it by using "or" (fu) with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B.<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps!<br />
<br />
:Feel free to share any of this...<br />
<br />
=== Some Conjunctions and Adverbs ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, February 1, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/talun-taweyk-tafral-lun-oeyk-holpxay-hol/msg69552/ source])<br />
<br />
:As for "because":<br />
<br />
:'''Talun''' [ta smukan Skyinou] is almost exactly one of the words I came up with! I had come up with '''taluna''', from '''ta''' + '''lun''' (reason) + '''a''', in keeping with the idea that the clause following "because" is modifying the head noun '''lun''', so that '''"a"''' is required. But I can see that over time the final a could drop . . . so I'm happy to parenthesize it in the glossary: talun(a).<br />
<br />
:There's a related word '''oeyk''' (2 syllables, stress on the 2nd) meaning 'cause.' The corresponding conjunction is '''taweyka''' (with the obvious small sound changes). And in keeping with the above argument, I'll go with '''taweyk(a)'''.<br />
<br />
:So it's talun(a) or taweyk(a), which are pretty much synonyms. Take your pick!<br />
<br />
:By the way, a related word is '''tafral''', meaning 'therefore, because of that.' (The derivation is probably pretty clear.) It's an adverb, unlike '''talun(a)''' and '''taweyk(a)''', which are conjunctions.<br />
<br />
:Perfect analysis of '''sìlpey'''', comparing it to '''ralpeng'''. Yup, that's it! [(tìlaw ta Prrton)meaning that they inflect on the verbal stems pey and peng and not on sìl- or ral-.]<br />
<br />
:And speaking of Neytiri's and Jake's eveng . . . and '''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä''' . . . that's one for JC to figure out. <g><br />
<br />
:'''hol''' = few.<br />
<br />
=== Reflexives and Naming ===<br />
''Quoted by Tiriuä, February 1, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/the-reflexive-(from-a-frommer-email!!!!)/ source])<br />
<br />
:Kaltxì ma oeyä 'eylan,<br />
<br />
:Thanks for the questions, Jake. (Good name for someone who likes Avatar!)<br />
<br />
:I guess I haven't mentioned anything about the reflexive yet. Here's a quick explanation:<br />
<br />
:The reflexive is formed with an infix -äp- that's in "pre-first" position--that is, it comes before the familiar infixes in first position.<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:I see myself. = Oe tsäpe'a.<br />
<br />
:Note: There's no pronoun "myself"--all you need is the infix. And it's oe, not oel.<br />
<br />
:You've seen yourself. = Nga tsäpole'a.<br />
<br />
:Be careful to keep the stress in the original place. Since for tse'a the stress is on the final a, that's where it stays in all the inflected forms.<br />
<br />
:They'll see themselves. = (Ay)fo tsäpaye'a.<br />
<br />
:wash = yur<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:I wash myself. = Oe yäpur.<br />
:I'm washing myself. = Oe yäperur.<br />
<br />
:Tslolam srak? :-)<br />
<br />
:As for "My name is . . ."<br />
<br />
:You COULD say<br />
<br />
:Tstxo oeyä lu ___.<br />
<br />
:tstxo = name<br />
<br />
:But that's not the idiomatic way to say it. Instead, you say "They call me . . ." (which is of course common in many earth languages as well).<br />
<br />
:The grammar here is tricky:<br />
<br />
:Oeru syaw fko ___.<br />
<br />
:Things to note:<br />
<br />
:syaw 'call' is intransitive: you call TO someone. That's why it's fko, not fkol, and oeru, not oeti. (Fko, as I think you know, means 'one' or 'they' in the general sense.) The actual name as almost like an adverb in this construction: To say "My name is Jake," you actually say something like, "They call to me in a Jake way." :-)<br />
<br />
:The question, by the way, is:<br />
<br />
:Fyape fko syaw ngar?<br />
<br />
:Literally: How does one call you?<br />
<br />
:So a typical little conversation is:<br />
<br />
:--Fyape fko syaw ngar?<br />
:--Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?<br />
:--Oeru syaw Tseyk.<br />
<br />
:In the last sentence, "fko" is understood. You could actually leave it out in the 2nd sentences as well. Ngar and ngaru are used interchangeably--pick the one you think sounds better in its position. And "tut" is a "particle of continuation"--here you'd translate "ngaru tut" as "And how about you?"<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps! Feel free to share . . .<br />
<br />
:Kìyevame.<br />
<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Art-related Vocabulary ===<br />
''Quoted by Skxawng ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/art-related-vocab/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Law lu oeru fwa nga mì reltseo nolume nìtxan!<br />
<br />
:[fwa = fì'u a<br />
:rel = image, picture<br />
:reltseo = visual art<br />
:law = clear]<br />
<br />
''and also:''<br />
<br />
:Ma Pìraysì,<br />
<br />
:Tewti!!!<br />
<br />
:Rel oeyä na uniltìranyu lor lu nìngay! Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!<br />
<br />
:[reltseotu = artist<br />
:txantsan = excellent]<br />
<br />
''A followup regarding '''tu''',''<br />
<br />
:About -tu vs. -yu: You're right--"yu" is an ending for a verb, converting it into the doer or agent, similar to English -er. "Tu," on the other hand, is short for "tute," person (as in Tawtute), and is generally used with parts of speech other than verbs.<br />
<br />
:So: for "reltseo" (as you know, rel 'image, picture' + tseo 'art'), we get "reltseotu," 'artist (lit. picture-art-person)'.<br />
<br />
:Likewise, from pamtseo 'music' we get pamtseotu, 'musician'.<br />
<br />
=== Atan Is Illumination ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/atan-lucet-in-tenebris/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Atan is a noun meaning “light” in the sense of “source of illumination.” It’s Jim Cameron’s word, actually. I don’t yet have a word for “light = not heavy”—“light” and “heavy” would be good ones to come up with.<br />
<br />
=== Participles ===<br />
''Quoted by roger ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/participles/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Keruseya tute vs. ke rey a tute (don't attach the ke or a, since rey is a finite verb) is parallel to "dead (= non-living) person" vs. "person who doesn't live OR isn't alive" in English. Semantically they seem pretty much the same [...].<br />
<br />
:Note the Avatar line (which I don't believe made it into the final version of the film):<br />
<br />
:Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska'a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet.<br />
<br />
:'The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock.'<br />
<br />
:Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap. 'A hunting thanator is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
:Palulukan a teraron lu lehrrap. 'A thanator that's hunting is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
=== February 16 2010 Combo ===<br />
''Quoted by Wm Anns'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/combined-answers-1-(feb-16)/ source])<br />
<br />
==== Indirect Question "Where" ====<br />
<br />
1. Is this correct: po kä a tseng(ne) ke tsìme'a oel I didn't see where s/he was going.<br />
<br />
:No, it's not. But it raises in interesting question.<br />
<br />
:The error is in the case of "tseng(e)." The structure has to be, "I didn't see the place that s/he was going (to)," so we're essentially dealing with a relative clause. "Place" is in the matrix sentence, so it should be marked as an object. Changing the word order for clarity (which doesn't really affect anything) . . .<br />
<br />
:Oel tsìme'a tsenget/tsengit [depending on whether you like tseng or tsenge for 'place'] a . . .<br />
<br />
:But what's the RC? The place THAT S/HE WAS GOING or the place THAT S/HE WAS GOING TO?<br />
<br />
:If it's the former, we simply have: a po karmä (I like indicating the tense and aspect here, although it's not obligatory.)<br />
<br />
:If it's the latter, then since we can't strand an adposition in Na'vi the way we can in English, the structure is similar to "the place that s/he was going to it."<br />
<br />
:For inanimate "it" you shouldn't use po but rather tsa: a tsane po karmä.<br />
<br />
:So the two possible versions of the sentence you want are:<br />
<br />
:(1) Po karmä a tsengit ke tsìme'a oel.<br />
<br />
:(2) Po tsane karmä a tsengit ke tsìme'a oel.<br />
<br />
:(2) is unimpeachable, I think. But I'd accept (1) as well. It's a bit loose but it seems like a natural development, and it has the virtue of brevity.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Multiple Vocatives ====<br />
4. Are multiple vocatives clustered (ma smukan sì smuke) or not (ma smukan sì ma smuke)?<br />
<br />
:Clustered. "Ma smukan sì smuke."<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Vocative with Modifiers ====<br />
5. Does the vocative always come before the noun and all modifiers including adjectives and genitives, or is it just before the head noun? Is it always a particle or can it ever be used as a suffix/enclitic?<br />
<br />
:It's before the noun and all modifiers, not necessarily immediately before the head:<br />
<br />
:ma oeyä eylan: 'O my friends'<br />
<br />
:It's always before the NP, never a suffix/enclitic.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Toruk Makto ====<br />
7. In toruk makto it seems like it should be maktoyu. Aside from "James Cameron Said So" is there a reason it is not?<br />
<br />
:So you guys noticed that, huh? :-)<br />
<br />
:JC and I had a bit of a discussion about "Toruk makto." I pointed out that according to the grammar, it should be maktoyu. And I was told in no uncertain terms that it was going to be "toruk makto," and I should figure out a way to make it work. The man certainly has the right . . .<br />
<br />
:So it's an exception--one of the iconic phrases in the language that developed unusually, for whatever reasons, and don't follow the normal rules. If we looked hard enough we could probably find parallels in English and in all other languages.<br />
<br />
==== Enclitic Adpositions ====<br />
1. Regarding adpositions. When they follow, they are written attached to the word. Can we assume this means they are enclitic, and have no<br />
stress accent of their own? Is the accent obliterated in two syllable adpostions, as in eyktanmungwrr?<br />
<br />
:Yes, they're enclitic, without their own stress. EYKtanmungwrr is stressed on the first syllable--a bit awkward, perhaps, but not too bad.<br />
<br />
==== Attributive a ====<br />
9. How are adjectives that begin or end with "a" such as apxa dealt with when the attributive is used? Do other vowels need any special treatment with the attributive?<br />
<br />
:In such cases the attributive "a" is swallowed up and disappears:<br />
<br />
:skxawng apxa, apxa skxawng<br />
<br />
:I can't think of any other cases where this happens, although aä and äa seem like rather unstable sequences. Until further notice, though, I think we'll allow them.<br />
<br />
===More extracts from various emails===<br />
<br />
:''Added by roger. Dates are date of answer by Frommer ''<br />
<br />
;Feb 13<br />
<br />
Keruseya tute vs. ke rey a tute (don't attach the ke or a, since rey is a finite verb) is parallel to "dead (= non-living) person" vs. "person who doesn't live OR isn't alive" in English. Semantically they seem pretty much the same; I'll have to think if there are any systematic differences between these forms.<br />
<br />
Note the Avatar line (which I don't believe made it into the final version of the film):<br />
<br />
:Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska'a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet.<br />
:'The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock.'<br />
<br />
To my knowledge, there's a parallel situation in French:<br />
<br />
"Laughing Cow" (brand name of a kind of cheese) could be either:<br />
<br />
:1. la vache riante<br />
or<br />
:2. la vache qui rit<br />
<br />
In 1, riante is a (feminine) participle. 2 is literally "the cow that laughs," but that's apparently the more idiomatic way to say it, since it's the actual name of the cheese. (I think all of that is correct, but my French is shaky, so it should be verified by a French speaker.)<br />
<br />
I'm not sure which is the more idiomatic expression in Na'vi, but if the meaning is clearly "dead," I'd go with kerusey.<br />
<br />
The point of participles in Na'vi is that they're ONLY used attributively. If you want a gerund, use a tì- nominalization:<br />
<br />
:1. Tìtaron lu lehrrap. 'Hunting is dangerous.'<br />
but<br />
:2. Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap. 'A hunting thanator is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
Also:<br />
<br />
:3. Palulukan a teraron lu lehrrap. 'A thanator that's hunting is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
;Feb 17<br />
:''I asked William's question about caus. v.t.'s taking the dative, and F said,''<br />
<br />
Yes and yes. Good guesses.<br />
<br />
:Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron.<br />
:‘Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede.’<br />
<br />
Cf. French:<br />
<br />
:(1) Pierre a fait construire un bateau à Paul.<br />
:Peter made Paul build a boat.<br />
<br />
:(2) Pierre a fait construire un bateau par Paul.<br />
:Peter had a boat built by Paul.<br />
<br />
For the sentence corresponding to (2)—i.e. ‘Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri’ (which sounds a bit odd)—Neytiri should not be in the dative but rather be the object of an adposition corresponding to Fr. “par.” A candidate would be fa [ADP-] = with, in the sense of “by means of.”<br />
<br />
So:<br />
<br />
:Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron.<br />
:‘Eytukand had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri.’<br />
<br />
:''I then asked about the ambiguous valency of a causative transitive Vb, and whether there was a passive in Na'vi''<br />
<br />
Correct—I haven’t included a passive because I thought that any function it would serve was already satisfied by other mechanisms in the language.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of an agentless passive, you’re right—just use fko.<br />
<br />
For passives with agents, the flexible word order of Na’vi should obviate the need for a passive, or so it would seem. There’s no semantic distinction between<br />
<br />
:(1) Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.<br />
:(2) Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.<br />
<br />
but the two are not equivalent in discourse, where focus is a consideration. In Na’vi, however, the equivalent of (3) is fully grammatical and not at all strange:<br />
<br />
:(3) Hamlet Shakespeare wrote.<br />
<br />
which should fulfill the functions of (2).<br />
<br />
But maybe not entirely. Conjoining might cause a problem. “Hamlet was written by Shakespeare and is the most famous play in the world.” If that comes from “H was written by S” and “H is X,” could you drop the second occurrence of H in the Na’vi sentence? Probably not, since the two occurrences of H (assuming the first occurrence is in the form of (3) above) are in different cases. Maybe Na’vi just doesn’t allow that kind of conjoining. Doesn’t seem unreasonable. But I’ll think more about it.<br />
<br />
I don’t think there’s a problem with valency not being indicated on the verb, but let me know if you find examples where not having such a marker would cause confusion.<br />
<br />
:''I don't think Na'vi needs a passive, since it doesn't appear to have subjects, and passives are a way of keeping subjects aligned in discourse.'' <br />
<br />
:''I asked about William's phrase (Ngeyä teri faytele a aysänumeri ngar irayo seiyi ayoe nìwotx), which F described as elegant, and attributive nouns, forgetting that it was an attributive PP: ''<br />
<br />
Well, there’s no attributive noun here! It’s rather an attributive prepositional (or I guess I should say adpositional) phrase:<br />
<br />
:[ Ngeyä [ [teri faytele] a aysänumeri ] ]<br />
<br />
Is that kosher? I think so. An attributive prepositional phrase results from the same process that yields attributive adjectives from predicate ones, parallel to an analysis that derives “good question” from “a question that is good.” Delete “that is” (when I studied lx, we used to call that WH-is, pronounced “whiz,” deletion) and then, for English, pre-pose the adjective.<br />
<br />
In Na’vi:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tìpawm lu sìltsan] a tìpawm > lu sìltsan a tìpawm > sìltsana tìpawm<br />
<br />
The middle form is perfectly grammatical, equivalent to “a question that is good.”<br />
<br />
If you can do that, then it seems a small step to do this:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tìpawm teri faytele lu] a tìpawm > teri faytele lu a tìpawm > teri faytele a tìpawm<br />
:‘a question about these matters’<br />
<br />
But your question about attributive nouns, or NPs in general, is relevant. What about:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tutean oeyä ‘eylan lu] a tutean > oeyä eylan lu a tutean >? oeyä eylan a tutean<br />
:‘the man who is my friend’<br />
<br />
The final form seems questionable to me. There should probably be a hierarchy of acceptability here, with adjectives at one end of the scale, PPs in the middle, and NPs at the other end. <br />
<br />
:''So, as we've seen, the genitive is what's used for attrib. nouns, not "a"; also, it's now confirmed that the "a" of RC's and the "a" of adj's are the same.<br />
<br />
;Feb 18<br />
<br />
Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue [...]! Slä lu sìltsan.<br />
<br />
OK, let's see . . .<br />
<br />
1. mesyalä ikran<br />
<br />
Strikes me as a little odd, but I guess it's OK. "An ikran of two wings." Parallel to "a man of few words." Genitives are used for many purposes.<br />
<br />
2. mesyalhu a ikran<br />
<br />
I like that the best. Seems quite natural.<br />
<br />
3. *mesyal a ikran<br />
<br />
Right. That should be ruled out.<br />
<br />
4. ?mesyal lu a ikran<br />
<br />
This is the most interesting one. I don't think it should be considered acceptable, but it touches on wider issues.<br />
<br />
Assuming the RC starts out this way:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[ikranur mesyal lu] a ikran<br />
<br />
[Digression: I've been preferring lu-initial order for "have" constructions: Lu ikranur mesyal. But that's not a hard-and-fast rule, so I'll keep the above order, which better reflects your example.}<br />
<br />
The question, of course, is what do you do with the coref. NP in the RC--delete or pronominalize?<br />
<br />
As I'm sure you know, languages have different hierarchies with respect to what happens to coref. NPs. Subjects are the most deletable, followed by DOs, followed by obliques, followed by comparatives . . . (It's been a long time since I looked carefully at this stuff, but I think that's correct.) So, for example, in English you can say "He's the man I spoke to" but in many other languages you have to say "He's the man that I spoke to him."<br />
<br />
In the Na'vi case, coref. NP deletion only extends as far as DOs. So for datives, you need to pronominalize:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[ikranur mesyal lu] a ikran > poru mesyal lu a ikran<br />
<br />
Other word orders work too, of course: lu poru mesyal a ikran (I like that one the best), mesyal lu poru a ikran, etc.<br />
<br />
===Trials & transitivity===<br />
''Wasn't this a Jane Austen novel?''<br />
<br />
''Doesn't look like this was ever posted. Don't know why; it was held up for a while as part of the ''Ma Sempul'' project, but then F specifically said it was okay to release. —[[User:Roger|Roger]]''<br />
<br />
:The regular pronouns are as follows, listed in the order Singular, Dual, Trial, Plural:<br />
<br />
:{| class=wikitable<br />
! Regular pronouns !! sing. !! dual !! trial !! plural<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, exclusive || ''oe'' || ''moe'' || ''pxoe'' || ''ayoe''<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, inclusive || — || ''oeng'' || ''pxoeng'' || ''ayoeng/awnga''<br />
|-<br />
| 2nd person || ''nga'' || ''menga'' || ''pxenga'' || ''aynga''<br />
|-<br />
| 3rd person || ''po'' || ''mefo'' || ''pxefo'' || ''(ay)fo''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:Note the alternate forms of the 1st Pers. Incl. Pl. form. The advantage of the ''aw-'' forms (unrelated, by the way, to '''aw'', one) is that most of the declined forms are 2 syllables rather than 3, or 3 rather than 4. Example: ''ayoengal'' (3 syll.) vs. ''awngal'' (2 syll.).<br />
<br />
:Formal forms: Only for 1st pers. excl. and 2nd pers.<br />
<br />
:{| class=wikitable<br />
! Formal pronouns !! sing. !! dual !! trial !! plural<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, exclusive || ''ohe'' || ''mohe'' || ''pxohe'' || ''ayohe''<br />
|-<br />
| 2nd person || ''ngenga'' || ''mengenga'' || ''pxengenga'' || ''ayngenga''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:For inclusive forms, you use separate pronouns, e.g., ''ohe ngengasì'' (where ''sì'' is "and" cliticized to the second element).<br />
<br />
:Verb forms: The honorific/ceremonial ''-uy-'' is a second-position infix (e.g., occurs in the second syllable of disyllabic roots) in the same position as the other attitudinals like ''-ei-''. (It can't co-occur with them; you can only choose one attitudinal, if any.)<br />
<br />
:So for ''taron'', which I've been using as a model verb, you have forms like:<br />
<br />
::''tolaruyon'', ''tayaruyon'', etc.<br />
<br />
:Keep in mind, though, that once you've used this form in discourse, you don't have to keep using it. It's "understood" from then on.<br />
<br />
''Then this came out end Jan.''<br />
<br />
:As for "because":<br />
<br />
:''Talun'' [ta smukan Skyinou] is almost exactly one of the words I came up with! I had come up with taluna, from ''ta + lun'' (reason) + ''a,'' in keeping with the idea that the clause following "because" is modifying the head noun ''lun,'' so that "a" is required. But I can see that over time the final a could drop . . . so I'm happy to parenthesize it in the glossary: ''talun(a).''<br />
<br />
:There's a related word ''oeyk'' (2 syllables, stress on the 2nd) meaning 'cause.' The corresponding conjunction is ''taweyka'' (with the obvious small sound changes). And in keeping with the above argument, I'll go with ''taweyk(a).''<br />
<br />
:So it's ''talun(a)'' or ''taweyk(a),'' which are pretty much synonyms. Take your pick!<br />
<br />
:By the way, a related word is ''tafral,'' meaning 'therefore, because of that.' (The derivation is probably pretty clear.) It's an adverb, unlike ''talun(a)'' and ''taweyk(a),'' which are conjunctions.<br />
<br />
:Perfect analysis of ''sìlpey,'' comparing it to ''ralpeng.'' Yup, that's it! [(tìlaw ta Prrton) meaning that they inflect on the verbal stems pey and peng and not on sìl- or ral-.]<br />
<br />
:And speaking of Neytiri's and Jake's eveng . . . and ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' . . . that's one for JC to figure out. <g><br />
<br />
:''hol'' = few.<br />
<br />
''Note we now have ''oeyk'' "a cause", ''eyk'' "to lead", and <eyk> CAUS.''<br />
<br />
;Feb 15<br />
<br />
:A couple of things to note:<br />
<br />
:1. Mìso and neto are both adverbs meaning "away." The former is positional: Stay away! The latter is directional: Go away!<br />
<br />
:2. Imperatives, either positive or negative, have two forms: either the bare root or the -iv- form. At an earlier point in the history of the language there was probably a polite/familiar distinction (the -iv- form being the politer one), but that's no longer the case. They're used interchangeably. So to say "Go!" you can say either kivä or just kä.<br />
<br />
:This is an important grammatical point. (Feel free to share.) 'Change' is indeed "latem," but it's the intransitive version, as in "Everything is changing." To change SOMETHING, you need the transitive version, which is achieved through a causative: to change something is to cause something to change.<br />
<br />
:The causative infix is -eyk-, which is in "pre-first" position--that is, it comes before the familiar first-position infixes like -iv-, -ol-, etc. So for the imperative you can say either leykatem or leykivatem.<br />
<br />
:"Begin" works similarly: sngä'i is intransitive: Something is beginning. To begin or start something, you need the causative form: sngeykä'i. Oel sngeykolä'i tìkangkemit. 'I began the work.'<br />
<br />
===Evidential===<br />
''Quoted by Roger, February 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/the-evidential-at-last/msg106055/#msg106055 source])''<br />
<br />
Ma oeyä eylan,<br />
<br />
Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fi’ut.<br />
<br />
[ -ìrm- : past proximate imperfective – “was just thinking . . . “<br />
<br />
-ats- : 2nd position infix indicating uncertainty or indirect knowledge: “you might want.” Could be used with “kxawm,” redundantly, for reinforcement.]<br />
<br />
I was corresponding with someone from Wales, and the question of lenition in Celtic came up. I mentioned the connection to Na’vi and thought you might to see it too. No new content here, just history. :-)<br />
<br />
“In 1998 I visited Ireland and of course wanted to try to learn a little Irish for the occasion. Wow! I consider myself a pretty sophisticated language learner, but Irish knocked me for a loop. (And they say English spelling is hard!) I found the mutations—if I remember correctly, eclipsis and lenition—very interesting. And lenition wound up influencing Na’vi. I had also studied Hebrew, where there’s a process of “spirantization” that has something of the same effect although in different environments, so that was an influence as well.<br />
<br />
“The final influence was Malay/Indonesian, where certain prefixes mutate the initial consonant of the root. It always tickled me that in a Malay dictionary, you need to look up the word “menarik” under T, the word “memandang” under P, and the word “menyatukan” under S! And that situation, of course, has a parallel in Na’vi, with the “short plurals.” (You look up “hilvan” under K, “sute” under T, “fizayu” under P, etc.)<br />
<br />
Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Ok ===<br />
''Reported by Prrton, Feb 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/ok!-we-got-ok/ source]).''<br />
<br />
.. go with "tam."<br />
<br />
As you know, the verb means "suffice, 'do'" as in, "That'll do."<br />
<br />
In the film, I think Grace says "Tsun tivam" in response to Norm's (very good, if formal) Na'vi. Or at least that was once going to be in the film. (As I mentioned, I have a hard time keeping track of what wound up in the final version and what got cut.)<br />
<br />
So saying "tam" for "OK" seems appropriate. It's easy to say...<br />
<br />
=== Zenke ===<br />
''Reported by roger, Feb 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/mustnt-vs-dont-need-to/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Sìltsan nìtxan. Tìng nari nekll.<br />
<br />
:[That is, "See below", where he interlaced his answers w my questions, which I'll put in italics. Comments I'm adding now are in brackets.]<br />
<br />
[embedded email]<br />
<br />
:Did I get this right?<br />
<br />
:Hém geyä zégke fkóru livú cá(y)hem a gáru pŕrte' ke lú.<br />
<br />
:[this was the Golden Rule]<br />
<br />
Very fine. I’ve spelled it zenke, even though it’s pronounced with a velar nasal. And I realize I’ve been inconsistent in doing that, since I’ve spelled lumpe with an m rather than the underlying n. Was probably influenced by English (“impossible,” but “income”). But maybe a little inconsistency isn’t the worst thing in the world.<br />
<br />
BTW, zenke and ke zene are semantically distinct:<br />
<br />
Nga zenke kivä! ‘You must not go!’<br />
<br />
Nga ke zene kivä. ‘It’s not obligatory (OR: it’s not a must) that you go.’<br />
<br />
And how many people have adopted the “scientific” transcription? It’s nice to see it, although I don’t think it will ever become as popular as the “official” one. (Notice what happens when you write Tsu’tey in scientific. NOT a good association with that character. <g>)<br />
<br />
:and is zegke short for zene ke ?<br />
<br />
:This one seems clear:<br />
<br />
:lǐ'fyari leNá'vi Ŕrtamì vay sét 'almóg a frá'u zerá'u ta gŕrpogu<br />
<br />
:assuming Rrta for "Earth"; confirms grr "root" and past pfv. I assume future pfv would be 'alyog.<br />
<br />
Right. As you now know, it’s ‘Rrta.<br />
<br />
*maw (ADP-) = after (time)<br />
*hìkrr (stress on 1st) = second, very short time<br />
*tätxaw (stress in 2nd) = return (intrans.)<br />
*Maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw.<br />
<br />
=== Sar, Fìtxan ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, Feb 18, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/score!-(1)-the-verb-to-use-(2)-more-detail-on-teya-si/ source]).''<br />
<br />
'''*Fayl*ìri lEksel irayo seiyi oe ngar, ma oeyä 'eylan. Tsat sayar oel nìltsan.'''<br />
<br />
'''Tewti! Ngeyä lì'fya leNa'vi txantsan lu nìngay. Fwa sute pxel nga tsun oeyä hì'ia tìngopit sivar fte pivlltxe nìlor fìtxan oeru teya si.'''<br />
<br />
sar = 'to use'<br />
<br />
fìtxan = 'so, to such an extent'<br />
<br />
oeru teya si: 'fills me' (an idiom, English version courtesy James Cameron; understood: "with satisfaction, with joy")<br />
<br />
=== Ngeyä kxetse lu oeru ===<br />
''From the newspaper contest, quoted by Prrton, Feb 22, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/your-projects-other-resources/la-times-navi-challenge-poll-please-vote/msg109545/#msg109545 source]).''<br />
<br />
'''Congratulations to Eri!'''<br />
<br />
''' 'Oleyng nga nìltsan, ma Eri! Ngari Nawma Sa'nok lrrtok soleiyi.'''<br />
<br />
Your entry in the "You're Going Down" contest, "Oeru lu ngeyä kxetse--Your tail is mine" was the clear winner!<br />
<br />
I've already submitted it to the Los Angeles Times editor. The only revision I made was to change the word order to place more emphasis on the "mine":<br />
<br />
'''Ngeyä kxetse lu oeru.'''<br />
<br />
(The end of the sentence is where the "punch" comes.)<br />
<br />
And thanks to everyone who entered and voted.<br />
<br />
'''Irayo ayngaru nìwotx!'''<br />
<br />
Kìyevame,<br />
<br />
Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Adjective Comparatives ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, Feb 23, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/prrwll-moss-the-comparative-to-construct/ source]).''<br />
<br />
:..Is this correct? :<br />
<br />
:: '''Oeru ke tsun livam ke'u lor to Eywa'evengä na'ring a lew säpoli fa prrwll,'''<br />
:: '''kxawm mungwrr fìkifkey a lew säpìyevi fa fpom sì lì'fya leNa'vi.'''<br />
<br />
Very fine.<br />
<br />
Only one suggestion...<br />
<br />
The verb säpìyevi: Why subjunctive? Why not simply säpìyi?<br />
<br />
Argument in favor of the subjunctive: It's a world that MIGHT soon cover itself . . . etc.<br />
<br />
Arguments in favor of the indicative:<br />
<br />
(1) Your translation seems to indicate you're thinking of a world that WILL soon cover itself . . . etc.<br />
(2) I like the clear parallelism between säpoli and säpìyi.<br />
(3) The indicative is one syllable shorter.<br />
<br />
So I'm somewhat more in favor of the indicative, säpìyi. But I think you could justify either version. Your call...<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
Oeri/oeru is often a toss-up. With "lam," though, I think the dative is marginally better, since it's natural for "seem" to take the dative:<br />
<br />
"It seems to me . . . " But you could make a case for oeri as well.<br />
<br />
The syntax of comparatives is perhaps a bit unusual.<br />
<br />
To say "A is adj-er than B," you simply say "A to B lu adj."<br />
<br />
Example: Po to oe lu sìltsan. (not "sìltsan nì'ul")<br />
<br />
No "comparative degree" of the adjective is used.<br />
<br />
Cf. Mandarin:<br />
<br />
Ta bi wo hao.<br />
<br />
=== Tag Question ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon&diff=2785Canon2010-03-21T07:32:56Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''The Na'vi language canon''' is the complete collection of information about the Na'vi language provided by authoritative sources, namely Paul Frommer and the creators of ''Avatar'' (James Cameron and Twentieth Century Fox).<br />
<br />
The canon comprises two things:<br />
* words and phrases spoken or written in Na'vi<br />
* descriptions of the linguistic elements of Na'vi such as orthography, morphology, syntax, and grammar<br />
<br />
The Na'vi words and phrases from canonical sources are presented or linked to on the [[Corpus]] page (where copyright allows). Documentation, explanation, and analysis of Na'vi linguistics are presented on other Learn Na'vi wiki pages ([[Phonology]], [[Morphology]], [[Grammar]], etc.). This page serves to document the canonical sources themselves.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
This page includes information dated '''Dec 2009 - Feb 2010'''. <br />
To access '''more recent information''' please see [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Epistles_from_Karyu_Pawl_|_2010_March_-_June Epistles from Karyu Pawl | 2010, March - June].'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
== List of Canonical Sources ==<br />
<br />
The canonical material we have available to date includes:<br />
* The film ''Avatar''<br />
* The Activist Survival Guide<br />
* Paul Frommer's post to Language Log and his later reply to comments there<br />
* The media interviews Frommer has given (mostly around the release of the movie)<br />
* Private correspondence between Frommer and people interested in his language<br />
* The form letter Frommer emailed to his many correspondents in late 2009 and early 2010<br />
* The out-of-office auto-reply message Frommer set up during the semester break in December 2009<br />
* A partial page of Na'vi dialog from ''Avatar'' used by Sam Worthington ("Jake Sully"), as seen in close-up during a behind-the-scenes video released by Fox<br />
* "A Message From Paul" - his message to the Na'vi language community on January 21, 2010<br />
* The [http://forum.learnnavi.org/mgallery/?sa=item;id=56 materials he prepared] for the March 5 Good Morning America spot<br />
<br />
== Commercial Sources ==<br />
<br />
The film ''Avatar'' ([http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/ IMDB link]) contains numerous examples of both human and Na'vi characters speaking in Na'vi. Some of the Na'vi dialog is subtitled in English (or in the local language where ''Avatar'' has been released in non-English-speaking countries).<br />
<br />
''Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora'' aka "The Activist Survival Guide" or "ASG" ([http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061896756?ie=UTF8&tag=sebaswolff-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0061896756 Amazon link], [http://browseinside.harpercollins.com/index.aspx?isbn13=9780061896750 Browsable link from publisher]) is an official companion book to the movie. It includes a Na'vi-English word list and two Na'vi songs with English translations. It also includes an account of animal and plant life containing some "Na'vi" words that violate what we know of Na'vi phonetics.<br />
<br />
== Na'vi Dialog for Jake ==<br />
<br />
From a Fox-authorized video on YouTube, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11DLOVLj8xo Avatar The Movie James Cameron Avatar The Movie Behind The Scenes Making The Movie 2]. There's a brief video close-up of some of Jake's Na'vi dialog, "Na'vi Dialog for Jake - 3-13-2007." The stress accent is marked with the underline. See also [http://i46.tinypic.com/29ekdqr.png this still-frame image] from the video. See [[Corpus#Behind the Scenes|the Corpus page]] for a transcription. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/vocab-phrases/behind-the-scenes-navi-dialog-for-jake/msg37036/#msg37036 this forum thread] for discussion. Since the dialog is Jake's, there is some concern the sentences may not be perfectly grammatical.<br />
<br />
== Interviews with Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
Shortly before and after ''Avatar's'' release, Paul Frommer gave interviews to several media outlets in which he discussed the Na'vi language and its use in the film. He provided some examples of the language (written in print interviews, spoken in audio and video interviews). He also explained some of its unusual features and talked generally about how the language was developed and the work he did for the film. As the interviews and media stories were intended for general audiences, they provide little detailed information about Na'vi linguistics.<br />
<br />
A complete list of Frommer's media appearances is on the [[Resources]] page ([[Resources#Media_Stories_About_the_Na.27vi_Language_-_Print|Print]]; [[Resources#Media_Stories_About_the_Na.27vi_Language_-_Audio_and_Video|Audio and Video]]).<br />
<br />
== Paul Frommer's Language Log Post ==<br />
<br />
On December 19, 2009 (the day after ''Avatar's'' release) Paul Frommer made a guest post on the linguistics blog [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/ Language Log] titled [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 "Some highlights of Na’vi"]. In that post, he provided an extensive but by no means complete description of the Na'vi language covering phonetics and phonology, word classes and morphology, and syntax. The blog post attracted many comments, and on December 21 Frommer posted a reply addressing many of them, providing clarifications and some additional information about the language.<br />
<br />
To date, Frommer's post remains the largest single ''direct'' source of information about Na'vi linguistics. A great deal of additional information has been learned by analyzing the [[Corpus]], and Frommer has provided additional information in smaller amounts as described elsewhere on this page, but the Language Log post provided the foundation upon which our understanding of Na'vi has been built.<br />
<br />
== Public Email From Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
In late December 2009 and early January 2010, Paul Frommer began replying to his many email correspondents with a form letter, reproduced here from [http://forum.learnnavi.org/website-info/message-from-dr-frommer/ this post] on the [http://forum.learnnavi.org/ Learn Na'vi forum]:<br />
<br />
<blockquote><br />
Kaltxì, and thanks for your interest in Na’vi.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
The enthusiastic response to the language has been very gratifying. I wish I could answer all your e-mails personally, but the volume has been staggering, so I hope you’ll forgive this generic message.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Irayo to everyone who thanked me for the effort and wished me well. It’s been a privilege to be involved in something as extraordinary as “Avatar,” and I couldn’t be happier that people feel my contribution added to the film.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
For those who have expressed interest in learning the language, thank you! The way Na’vi will live and grow is for enthusiasts like yourselves to take it up and expand it beyond its present boundaries. I hope that not too long from now there will be learning tools available to make that possible. Film consultants like me, however, don’t own the rights to the products or services we provide, so I can’t put out any such materials on my own—they’ll have to be in cooperation with the people who brought you “Avatar.” We’ve already begun thinking about that, and I hope that some official form of “Learn Na’vi!” will soon be available to the public.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
In the meantime, a number of people have put up unofficial web sites talking about various aspects of Na’vi. Some of those are quite good, others are only speculative, and still others are highly inaccurate. The Wikipedia article on Na’vi, although not a complete description of the language, is well done and reliable.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu. See you again, and may Eywa be with you.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Paul Frommer<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
Around the same time period, during semester break at the University of Southern California where he teaches, correspondents emailing Frommer received an out-of-office auto-reply message which included the following sign-off:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>Ayftozä lefpom ayngaru nìwotx! Happy Holidays to You All!</blockquote><br />
<br />
== A Message From Paul ==<br />
<br />
On January 20, Paul Frommer sent a message to the Na'vi language community expressing his appreciation for the community's interest in the language. The message was sent as Na'vi text, English text, and audio of Frommer speaking the message in Na'vi. Frommer also provided a version of the text marked for stress.<br />
<br />
To date, this message is the largest single authoritative example of written and spoken Na'vi (other than the film dialog, for which there are no canonical Na'vi transcriptions). Consisting of fourteen sentences, many of them lengthy and complex, the message contained previously unseen grammatical constructs and added many new words to the Na'vi lexicon. Frommer signed the message ''"Your friend and teacher, Paul."''<br />
<br />
The message can be [http://masempul.org/upxare-niinglisi/ read and heard in its entirety] at the site [http://masempul.org masempul.org]. The stress-marked version is on the [[Corpus]] page at [[Corpus#A_Message_From_Paul|A Message From Paul]].<br />
<br />
== Private Correspondence With Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
Many people interested in learning more about Na'vi have sent questions to Paul Frommer. Frommer is not always able to reply, but he has on several occasions given answers which have provided greater insight into the language. Some of those answers have been shared with the Na'vi language community; those answers are documented here.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>'''Note:''' ''communication between Dr. Frommer and his correspondents is inherently private.'' How much of that communication to share, and whether to share anything at all, is a personal decision. No one should ever feel obligated to share anything, and no one should ever expect or demand that others do so.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
'''Note also:''' ''Dr. Frommer is a party in these communications, and his privacy must be respected as well.'' If you have received something from Dr. Frommer and are considering sharing it with the community, '''do not do so''' until you are confident that he has no objections.</blockquote><br />
<br />
If you have new information from Dr. Frommer about the Na'vi language that has not been published elsewhere, '''and''' you are comfortable sharing it, '''and''' you are certain that he does not mind you doing so, then (and only then) please consider making it available to the Na'vi community so that it can become part of the canon and improve everyone's knowledge.<br />
<br />
If you do publish your correspondence, please only publish the parts that are directly related to the Na'vi language, such as new words and phrases or new grammatical rules. Post excerpts only. Leave out anything that might be a personal matter for either you or Dr. Frommer. When possible, post direct quotations from Dr. Frommer so that we can all see what his exact words and intentions are. When you are not comfortable giving direct quotes, a summary or paraphrase is still valuable and welcome, but take care to not present your own interpretation as his words.<br />
<br />
=== Extracts from various emails ===<br />
''Added by roger. Dates are date of answer by Frommer''<br />
<br />
;Dec 15<br />
:'''Kaltxì ngaru.'''<br />
<br />
;Dec 18<br />
''on monosyllabic verbs''<br />
<br />
:And yes, you can see where ''längu'' comes from. ''Lu,'' as you know, is ‘to be.’ So you have inflected forms like ''lolu, leru, layu,'' etc. Those are all with 1st position infixes. Of course you can also have forms like ''lereiu, lolängu,'' etc.<br />
<br />
:One thing I didn’t mention in the post is that whatever vowel receives stress in the root retains that stress in the inflected forms. So all of these forms of ''lu'' are stressed on the last syllable.<br />
<br />
;Dec 21<br />
:Glad you liked the x-digraphs. I'm not thrilled about digraphs in general (as I've indicated, I really wanted to use c instead of ts, as Pinyin does, and g instead of ng, as in Pago Pago), but using them here seemed to be the best choice. Since the apostrophe already meant a glottal stop, trying to use it for the ejectives as well would have resulted in ambiguities: would a sequence like hap'a indicate an ejective (i.e., ha-pxa) or a p closing one syllable followed by a glottal stop opening another (hap-'a)? They're not the same thing! <br />
<br />
;Dec 27<br />
''on why ''le''-adjectives don't take ''a,'' and on ergative case with ''futa''<br />
<br />
:The one time you don't need to use the adjectival ''a'' is with ''le-'' adjectives that follow the noun. (Having two consecutive markers in a row relating to adjectives seemed redundant. Also, I bet the ''a + le-'' combination would tend to decay over time on phonological grounds.) It's not wrong to put in the ''a'' in such cases, but it can be optionally omitted, and usually is.<br />
<br />
:If a ''le-'' adjective precedes its noun, however, you need the ''a.''<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:'''ayftxozä lefpom'''<br />
:'''ayftxozä alefpom'''<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>lefpom ayftxozä<br />
:'''lefpoma ayftxozä'''<br />
<br />
:As for ''futa'' and ''oel'':<br />
<br />
:''Futa'' is a contraction of ''fì'ut a. Fì'u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction.' Here it has the objective (or "patientive") marker ''t.''<br />
<br />
:The idea is that ''fpìl'' 'think' is transitive: you think SOMETHING, which is a thought. (It's transitive in the same way that "create" is transitive: you bring something, the object created, into being.) The a is just the usual "modifying a," as in the adjective examples above.<br />
<br />
:So the sense is, "I thought this thing, (namely) that . . . " And therefore ''oel'' is in the agentive or ergative case, while ''fì'ut'' is in the objective or patientive case.<br />
<br />
;Dec 28<br />
''I also take it that "N le-ADJ lu" is ambiguous between attributive adj. w existential vb and predicative adj. w copula. ... I assume <arm> is <a<er>m> PST.IMPV''<br />
<br />
:Right. I don't think that's a problem, but if need be, a speaker could disambiguate by including the a (optional here) for the attributive case and postposing the adjective after the copula for the predicative case.<br />
<br />
''Are the esses in ''slu'' and ''sìltsan'' related?''<br />
<br />
:As for ''slu/lu,'' I haven't developed anything like a consistent s-derivation. (I could think about that, though.) The ''sìltsan/nìltsan'' pair isn't related—''nìltsan'' is simply a development of *nìsìltsan, which I think could be natural. I wanted to avoid a 3-syllable word for 'well'!<br />
<br />
:Good guesses about ''-arm-'' and ''-iv-.'' ;-)<br />
<br />
;Dec 31<br />
''In ''Tsakrr nga Na'viru yomtìyìng'' "then you will feed the People", shouldn't ''nga'' be in the ergative?''<br />
<br />
:You'd think the verb is transitive, which would require the ergative case. But ''yomtìyìng'' 'feed' is from ''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give.' So there's no DO, and the verb is thought of intransitively, along the lines of 'engage in eat-giving.' ''Na'viru,'' as you know, is in the dative. So the whole thing is rather like, "Then you will engage in (or do) eat-giving to/for the people." There's a whole class of verbs that work on a similar principle.<br />
<br />
:To say "you feed the people meat," you need a different structure. It would probably just be with the verb ''tìng,'' where 'you' is ergative/agentive, 'meat' objective/patientive, and 'the people' dative.<br />
<br />
:A bit odd, perhaps, but I think it works.<br />
<br />
:'''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'''<br />
<br />
;Dec 31, on the SG<br />
:You're quite right that the words you've listed below are not at all in keeping with Na'vi phonology. I've never seen them before.<br />
<br />
:As for ''aylaberu,'' the ''b'' should be an ''h.''<br />
<br />
;Jan 07<br />
:'''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 09<br />
:There's no -ev- infix. The line from the film "Let her walk among us . . ." is:<br />
<br />
:'''Tivìran po ayoekip . . .'''<br />
<br />
:(Walk: ''tìran.'' The infix ''-iv-'' is subjunctive, here an "optative." Po is used for he/she unless it's desirable to make a gender distinction--e.g. to avoid ambiguity in discourse.)<br />
<br />
:About the movie dialog: Keep in mind that there's variation in all languages. Some of it is due to dialectal differences, some to performance errors, some to fast-speech phenomena . . . In other words, it's not necessarily the case that everything you hear in the movie theater prefectly represents standard, canonical Na'vi. Also, remember that Jake, Grace, and Norm speak Na'vi as a second language! It would be especially unrealistic to expect them to be perfect.<br />
<br />
:As for ''ko,'' I don't know any Japanese but I did have in mind Mandarin ba, a sentence-final particle glossed by Li and Thompson as "solicit agreement." Typical translations of ba are: "Don't you think so?" "Wouldn't you agree?" "Let's . . ." "Why don't you . . ." "I'll do X, OK?" I've used ko for all such things, maybe a bit more widely than ba.<br />
<br />
;Jan 19<br />
:'''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
''Why is there no overt SBRD w modals?''<br />
:That's how I've been handling want, can, and must: via a simple, shorter structure, where the subject in the main clause is considered intransitive, and there's no overt subject in the subordinate clause if they're identical:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä.''' 'I want to go.'<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä.''' 'I can go.'<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä.''' 'I must go.'<br />
:(Different word orders are possible in all of these, of course: '''Zene oe kivä,''' etc.)<br />
<br />
:So in these cases, the ''-iv-'' form of the verb functions somewhat like an infinitive. (But never like a gerund!)<br />
<br />
:You can also use the longer form:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (oe) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:But that's less common.<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
:Oh, btw, for ''pxeeveng'' etc. . . . Yeah, you're right. It should contract to '''pxeveng.''' (Likewise for *meeveng > '''meveng.''') I've gone back and forth on the contraction question when two identical vowels naturally come together as they do here. I should be consistent. <br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
''So, what if the verb after the modal is transitive?''<br />
:If the 2nd verb has the same subject as the first, it's pretty straightforward:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new yivom teylut.''' 'I want to eat teylu.'<br />
<br />
:(Back in the dark ages when I had my first syntax courses, that would have been termed an instance of equi-NP deletion.)<br />
<br />
[section on when the subject differs removed for the time being]<br />
<br />
;Jan 21<br />
''Do we get that long form w other modals?''<br />
<br />
:No, with ''tsun'' and ''zene,'' the plain subjunctive is the only possibility.<br />
<br />
;Jan 20, <br />
''on our proofreading of his message''<br />
:'''Eylanur oeyä Kwami sì Prrton . . .'''<br />
<br />
:''Ma Kwami:''<br />
<br />
:'''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!''' [ ''flä'' = 'succeed' ]<br />
<br />
:Just a couple of things to adjust:<br />
<br />
:''yawn'' is not actually the verb 'love.' Rather, '''yawne'' means 'beloved.' (For the noun, the ''e'' has dropped. Happens a lot.) So . . . how would you say 'I love you?' :-)<br />
<br />
:'Work' needs some explanation, which I'll provide when I have a bit more time. Hint: '''kan''' is the verb meaning 'aim.'<br />
<br />
:'Best' is simply ''swey.''<br />
<br />
:Rule is '''koren'''. If it were ''horen,'' then there would be no short form for the plural—you'd have to say ''ayhoren.''<br />
<br />
:''Ma Prrton:''<br />
<br />
:'''Ngal oeyä 'upxaret aysuteru fpole' a fì'uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!''<br />
<br />
:(Alternately: ''Furia ngal . . . fpole', ngaru . . . '')<br />
<br />
:[I'm debating whether standard punctuation should include the comma.]<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
:''Eywa'evengä'' is OK. ''Eywa'eveng'' = Pandora, lit. 'child of Eywa.' Jim's coinage, not mine. (He has the right!) But it works as a compound. <br />
<br />
;Jan 21<br />
''on our guesses for 'I love you'''<br />
<br />
:Re "love": The "indirect" way is correct.<br />
<br />
:I've been playing around with word orders to come up with the most euphonious version. For me, it's:<br />
<br />
:'''Nga yawne lu oer.'''<br />
<br />
:Five syllables (sentence stress on YAWN, of course), not too long . . . sounds good, I think. The laudatory infix (as someone has dubbed it) ''-ie-'' is possible but not necessary, and I've been omitting it here. "Love" itself is positive enough that it's probably redundant, and all other things being equal, shorter is better.<br />
<br />
:As for the sentence with ''tìyawn si,'' yes, that might mean something different. I'll have to think about it!<br />
<br />
:OK, here's a grammatical point I haven't yet talked about explicitly:<br />
<br />
:"Si constructions" have a special syntax. They're considered intransitive--a bit strange, perhaps, but reasonable, I think. That is, "X si" is thought of as "engage in the X-activity," an intransitive concept. What would normally be considered the object is then in the dative, along the lines of, "engage in the X-activity to/for Y."<br />
<br />
:So rather than *Oel ngati tìyawn si," we have ''Oe ngaru tìyawn si.''<br />
<br />
:The literal, pidgen-English translation would be something like "I do loving to/for you."<br />
<br />
:As I said, I'll to think about the implications of that!<br />
<br />
:BTW, [...] I may have forgotten to mention this in the LL post, but the "pseudo-vowels" rr and ll only exist in open syllables. (If you see I've violated that anywhere, please let me know . . . it's not impossible.) [...] '''Lu ngeyä tìftxey!'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 21: <br />
''But the stress shift in ''oe'' would result in the consonant clusters ?/mw/ and ?/pxw/ in the pronouns.''<br />
<br />
:No new C-clusters! The phonotactics are [in]violable.<br />
<br />
:In the dual and trial, the stress on the ''oe'' element does not shift. So ''pxoengaru'' has 4 syllables.<br />
<br />
:In the 1st pers. dual inclusive, however, the problem doesn't arise, because there's no ''me-'' prefix. It's just "you (sg.) and me," i.e. naturally dual, so you don't need the marker. The forms are simply ''oeng'' (N.B.: no ''-a''), ''oengal, oengat(i),'' etc.<br />
<br />
;Jan 21: <br />
''How about ''Plltxe fko san X fyape nìNa'vi?'' or ''X sìk nìNa'vi plltxe fxo fyape?'' for "How do you say X in Na'vi?"''<br />
<br />
:There's an easier and more concise way:<br />
<br />
:'''X nìNa'vi slu upe?'''<br />
<br />
:(As you know, ''slu'' = 'become')<br />
<br />
:It's an example of a neat structure I adapted from Persian:<br />
<br />
:''X be-faarsi chi mishe?'' X in-Persian what becomes?<br />
<br />
:BTW, I've been thinking of '''san . . . sìk''' as correlatives, always occurring together. The only exception is if you're quoting someone and you end with material still in the quote. Then you don't have to say "unquote."<br />
<br />
''I'm not following.''<br />
<br />
:Well, let's see . . .<br />
<br />
:Suppose the sentence is, "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him."<br />
<br />
:Everything converts to direct speech, so it would be:<br />
<br />
:'''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw.'''<br />
<br />
:(Note: *pollltxe > ''poltxe'' )<br />
<br />
:But if it's simply "Eytukan said he would go," and you end your speech turn there, then it's not necessary to have the concluding ''sìk''—it's "understood."<br />
<br />
''Ah, okay. So "he said X" would use just ''san,'' "X he said" would use just ''sìk,'' right?''<br />
<br />
:Yes, "He said X" would just use ''san'' if you ended there and didn't continue.<br />
<br />
:As for whether "X he said" would only use ''sìk'' and omit the initial ''san'' . . . I think that depends.<br />
<br />
:Example:<br />
<br />
:Suppose in a conversation in English you said the following:<br />
<br />
:(1) "I'm planning to sell everything I have and move to Nepal, where I'm going to take up mountain climbing and flower arranging," he said.<br />
<br />
:Since your listeners can't see the quotation marks, would it be clear to them from the start that you're talking about someone else's plans, not your own? It probably depends heavily on the context. Come to think of it, though, (1) would be very unnatural in conversation, wouldn't it? You see that structure in written material all the time, but people don't speak that way. So "X he said" questions might be rare in discourse.<br />
<br />
''And it looks like only direct speech is allowed?''<br />
<br />
:Right.<br />
<br />
''In 'how do you say', was'' 'upe'' rather than ''upe'' a typo?''<br />
<br />
:Not a typo, a goof! It is of course'' 'upe,'' with stress on the first syllable. Thanks for the catch.<br />
<br />
:The other form, as you know, is ''peu,'' without the glottal stop, stress on the second.<br />
<br />
:So you can also have:<br />
<br />
:'''X nìNa'vi slu peu?'''<br />
<br />
:Either one is fine.<br />
<br />
;Jan 27 <br />
''on making a mistake:''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel foru fìaylì'ut tolìng a krr, kxawm oe harmahängaw.'''<br />
<br />
:[hahaw = sleep, stress on 1st]<br />
<br />
:[-arm- is one of the fused infixes that combine tense and aspect.]<br />
<br />
:'''Irayo nìmun.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 31<br />
''on asking how to say 'good night' ''<br />
<br />
:Let's make it '''txon lefpom.'''<br />
<br />
:''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)<br />
<br />
:A bit expected, perhaps, but I think it has a nice quality, with the two o's.<br />
<br />
:As you know, le- adjectives don't take "modifying a" when post-nominal.<br />
<br />
:The full version would be, "Txon lefpom livu ngar."<br />
<br />
;Feb 1<br />
''what's the diff tween 'vay' and 'mi'? ''<br />
<br />
:''Vay'' (ADP-) means 'up to.' It can be used in several senses, not just temporal: "He counted up to 35" or "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" (a line from one of the video games).<br />
<br />
:Note ''vaykrr'' (CONJ): until.<br />
<br />
''how is dropping the 'a' from 'taluna' and 'taweyka' affected by swapping clause order?''<br />
<br />
:Yes, good point--the 'a' can drop only if the construction is head first, with the reason clause following. There's precedent for that kind of thing, however. With le- adjectives, the 'a' drops when the adjective is post-nominal but not when it's pre-:<br />
<br />
:''txon lefpom<br />
:*lefpom txon<br />
:''lefpoma txon<br />
<br />
:I hadn't thought of ''atalun'' vs. ''alunta''! Interesting. Let me consider that, and whether it has implications for other conjunctions. For the time being, though, let's make the canonical form ''alunta.''<br />
<br />
=== Pronunciation of a ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;In your Language Log, you show in the trapezium that [a] is the low back vowel, in contrast to [æ]. Did you mean to say [ɑ]? I am aware that you use an old American system.<br />
<br />
:I meant [a], a low central vowel; essentially the corresponding vowel in Spanish and Italian, or in the standard American pronunciation of 'hot.' So you're right: phonetically it's not really back.<br />
<br />
=== Transitivity ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
'''Is transitivity lexically marked: you've shown that 'promise' is ditransitive in the guide, but what about the other words? Will you be showing us how to do this soon?'''<br />
<br />
:Well, I've been pretty much leaving it up to the semantics to determine what's transitive and what's not, when it's clear. "Sleep" is clearly intransitive, for example; "kill" is clearly transitive. So I don't need to annotate those in the lexicon. For verbs like 'begin,' however, you have to be told which one you're talking about. So for those, I've indicated the type in the complete glossary. Until that's published, let me know what's not obvious and I'll get back to you.<br />
<br />
=== Monosyllabic Stress ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;I've noticed in a shot of a script that you stress monosyllabic words when they have an inflection (and therefore are polysyllabic), but not otherwise. Should all monosyllabic words be stressed normally?<br />
<br />
:Yes indeed. I underlined the stressed syllables in polysyllabic words for the actors, so they could pronounce their lines correctly. I've done that in the glossary too for all polysyllabic words.<br />
<br />
:The rule for inflected verbs is that whatever vowel is stressed in the root keeps its stress in the inflected form. So for example, the root for hunt, as you know, is '''taron''', stress on the first syllable. So all the inflected forms retain stress on the original a of the root: '''tivaron, tolaron, tayarängon,''' etc. Cf. '''pängkxo''' "chat, converse," where the stress on the ultima. The stress stays there in the inflected forms: '''pivängkxo, polängkxo, payängkxängo'''.<br />
<br />
=== sä- Prefix ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;Is '''sänume''' indicative of a '''sä'''- nomilinalizer to show the instrument of the verb?<br />
<br />
:The '''sä'''- prefix is a bit of a loose end. So far I only have one example of it in the lexicon: '''nume''' "learn" vs. '''sänume''' "teaching, instruction." You're right: I was thinking of it as something like an instrumental affix: instruction is the thing BY MEANS OF WHICH you learn. On that basis, since '''mun'i''' is the verb "cut," '''sämun'i''' could be a word for a general cutting instrument. I'll need to think more about that, however, since I'm not sure these two cases are comparable. In the second case, you have a concrete instrument, which must be present in order to implement the verb. With '''nume''', though, you can learn by other means than teaching: from experience, from trial and error, etc. So should '''sänume''' refer to any means whatsoever of learning something? I'm not sure yet. Thanks for the question!<br />
<br />
=== Verb Phrases as Objects ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
'''If a verb is understood to be transitive (depending on your answer above), when the direct object is replaced by a verb phrase, is the subject still marked as ergative? Essentially, which is more correct: Oe new pivlltxe or Oel new pivlltxe?<br />
<br />
:Good question.<br />
<br />
:First note that for "can" and "must," the subject is considered intransitive:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä'''. 'I can go.' (NOT *'''Oel tsun kivä'''.)<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä'''. 'I must go.' (NOT *'''Oel zene kivä'''.)<br />
<br />
:"Want" MAY follow the same pattern:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä'''. (That is, it patterns like a modal.)<br />
<br />
:But since want, unlike can and must, is a transitive verb, there's an alternate pattern:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (= fì'ut a) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:And you also have sentences like:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'''. "I want Taronyu to go."<br />
<br />
:So in the sentences you asked about, '''Oe new pivlltxe''' is fine. In one with '''oel''', though, insert '''futa'''.<br />
<br />
''Later in the same message:''<br />
<br />
:BTW, let's take a look at your sentence again:<br />
<br />
:(1) '''Oel new pivlltxe nìNa'vi mì oeyä letrra tìrey, (2) slä oel tsun pivey (3) trrit a ngat taying (oe new tìying!) ayoe nì'ul aylì'u!'''<br />
<br />
:(1) and (2) are virtually perfect: just change oel to oe in both cases. I like letrr for daily! I'll add that to the glossary, with RL in the Source column. :-)<br />
<br />
:(3), though, needs a little help. Are you awaiting "the day that you will give us more words?" If so, the verb for "give" is '''tìng''', so it should be:<br />
<br />
:'''trrit a nga tayìng''' (or, hopefully, '''tìyìng''') '''ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul'''.<br />
<br />
:But if I've misinterpreted you, please let me know.<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps!<br />
<br />
''In a follow-up message:''<br />
<br />
:At the end of my previous e-mail:<br />
<br />
:Let's make that--<br />
<br />
:trrit a NGAL tayìng (or, hopefully, tìyìng) ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul.<br />
<br />
:Kxeyeyri tsap'alute sengi oe. [kxeyey = mistake, error]<br />
<br />
=== Auxilary verb SI ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;Can "si" be a verb on its own, or is it always paired with something else?<br />
: Your intuitions are right. Si is only an auxiliary verb--it needs to be paired with something else. If you ant the main verb 'make,' for example, you need a different lexical item, like txula (stress on 1st) 'build, construct' or ngop 'create.'<br />
<br />
: About the only time si stands alone is when the non-verbal element has already been mentioned and is understood from the discourse:<br />
<br />
: --Nga tsap'alute soli srak?<br />
: --Soli.<br />
<br />
:(Or: Srane, soli.)<br />
=== Dative + copula possessive ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;We have seen examples of the dative and copula used for possession of abstract concepts and states, can it be used for physical possession too?<br />
: This can definitely indicate physical possession. In fact, that's the only way to express the concept of "having" in Na'vi--there's no verb 'have.'<br />
<br />
: But contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, "have" constructions usually begin with the verb. So "I have an ikran" is: Lu oeru ikran. Here, lu has the force of 'there is.'<br />
<br />
: BTW, the inspiration for this was Hebrew, which does something similar: Yesh li sefer (there-is to-me book), i.e. I have a book. The difference is that Hebrew has no copula in the present tense, so it needs a special word for there-is/are. Na'vi just uses the ordinary copula for this construction.<br />
=== Krr: noun vs adverb ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;The uses of "krr" we have seen seem to use it as a temporal adjunct more than a noun, is this a correct analysis?<br />
: Right again. Krr is a noun, but it can also be used adverbially. So tsakrr isn't just 'that time'; it's also (and more commonly) 'AT that time' or 'then.' Likewise kawkrr 'never' and frakrr 'always' are commonly used as time adverbials.<br />
<br />
: If you add a modifying clause to adverbial krr, linked of course with a, you get a "when" clause:<br />
<br />
: Ngeyä Tireaioang zola'u a krr, law layu ngaru. 'When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know.'<br />
: (Lit.: At the time that your Spirit Animal has come, it will be clear to you.)<br />
=== Causality ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;How do you express causality?<br />
: Longish story, which I'll tell another time. (There's a causative infix . . . )<br />
<br />
=== Vocabulary and <iyev> ===<br />
''Quoted by suomichris, January 30, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/my-dictionary/msg66920/#msg66920 source]).''<br />
<br />
:<u>frr</u>fen (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)<br />
:Cf. frrtu = guest<br />
:te<u>ri</u> (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP- . . . that is, an adposition that doesn't trigger lenition)<br />
:letsunslu = possible<br />
<br />
:The -iyev- infix, which I think you asked about before, is a "fused" form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive.<br />
<br />
=== Numerals ===<br />
''Quoted by Nayumeie, January 30, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/email-from-frommer-re-numbers-(or-the-full-number-chart!)/ source])<br />
:Kaltxì ma oeyä 'eylan Nayumeie,<br />
:Ngeyä pxesìpawmìri ngaru seiyi oe irayo.<br />
:'Awa tìpawmìri 'iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng.<br />
:[zusawkrr = future; in the future]<br />
<br />
:Numbers!<br />
:I have a nice complete chart, but it wouldn't be cool if I simply attached it, as I'm sure you understand. Let me convey the essence, however, in a different form.<br />
<br />
:The system, as you know, is octal:<br />
<br />
:'aw, mune, pxey, tsìng, mrr, pukap, kinä, vol<br />
:volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng, vomrr, vofu, vohin, mevol<br />
:mevolaw, mevomun, . . ., pxevol<br />
:pxevolaw, pxevomun, . . ., tsìvol<br />
:mrrvol<br />
:puvol<br />
:kivol<br />
:zam ( = 64, or 100 octal)<br />
:vozam ( = 512, or 1000 octal)<br />
:zazam ( = 4096, or 10000 octal)<br />
<br />
:First line above: In disyllables, stress is on the 1st.<br />
:Second line above: In disyllables, stress is on the 2nd, except for mevol.<br />
:Third line: Stress on the final syllables, except for pxevol.<br />
:Etc.<br />
<br />
:That should be enough for you to figure out the rest.<br />
:Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu,<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Fused -iv- Infixes ===<br />
''Quoted by suomichris, January 30, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/ source])<br />
:''Ngeyä txantsana tìpawmìri ngaru seiyi oe irayo.''<br />
<br />
:[txantsan = excellent]<br />
<br />
:A number of people have asked about this, so let me explain:<br />
<br />
:There's a small class of "fused" infixes that combine the common -iv- subjunctive/dependent verb infix with those that indicate tense and aspect. It goes like this:<br />
<br />
:PRESENT IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + IMPERFECT -er- --> -irv-<br />
:PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + PERFECT -ol- --> -ilv-<br />
:PAST SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + PAST PROXIMATE -ìm- or PAST GENERAL -am- --> -imv-<br />
<br />
:I think you can see what's happening here: the CONSONANT of the tense or aspect infix is shoved into the middle of the -iv- infix--an infix in an infix, if you will.<br />
<br />
:With the future subjunctive, there's a slight complication:<br />
<br />
:FUTURE SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + FUTURE PROXIMATE -ìy- or FUTURE GENERAL -ay- --> *-iyv-<br />
<br />
:The problem is that although a syllable can end with r, l, or m, it can't end with y (unless it's part of a diphthong, which iy is not). That would violate the phonotactic constraints of Na'vi. So an epenthetic vowel comes to the rescue: -iyev-<br />
<br />
:An alternate form of this fused infix has arisen: -ìyev-. As an instance of vowel harmony (rare in Na'vi), the high front tense vowel i has become lax (ì) under the influence of the lax vowel e in the following syllable. Both -iyve- and -ìyev- are acceptable.<br />
<br />
:So that's a very long-winded explanation of why Kìyevame means: "May (we) See (each other again) in the future."<br />
<br />
:''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì'eyng law livu ngar!''<br />
<br />
''Follow-up email correcting a typo, January 31, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/msg68133/#msg68133 source])''<br />
<br />
:Ma oeyä eylan,<br />
<br />
:Tsap'alute, mì upxare a fpole' oel ayngaru trram lu kxeyey:<br />
<br />
:KEYAWR:<br />
:Both -iyve- and -ìyev- are acceptable<br />
<br />
:EYAWR:<br />
:Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable<br />
<br />
:Irayo 'eylanur awngeyä Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun.<br />
<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
''Subsequent email regarding "rolun", summarized by suomichris ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/msg68387/#msg68387 source]):'' "Just heard back from Frommer. ''run'' means 'find, discover.'"<br />
<br />
=== Midsummer Night's Dream Vocabulary ===<br />
''Quoted by Kiliyä, January 31, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/midsummer-nights-dream-vocab-from-karyu-atxantsan-pawl/ source])<br><br />
Note: stress marking is by Kiliyä based on unquoted notes from Frommer. Kiliyä: "I have assumed that syllables in words start with a consonant, and that -wrr is the syllable's boundry in mungwrr (from munge + wrrpa, "brought outside"?) rather than mu.ngwrr."<br />
<br />
:Let me answer some of your vocabulary questions:<br />
<br />
:sweet = ka<u>lin</u><br />
:tongue = ftxì<br />
:air = ya<br />
:bud = <u>prr</u>nesyul<br />
<br />
:<u>prr</u>nen = infant, baby<br />
:<u>syu</u>lang = flower<br />
:So "bud" is an obvious compound. (Components are often truncated in Na'vi compounds.)<br />
<br />
:sick = spxin<br />
:disease = sä<u>spxin</u><br />
:the state of being ill = tì<u>spxin</u><br />
<br />
:yet, still = mi<br />
<br />
:except = mung<u>wrr</u> ADP- (that is, an adposition that doesn't trigger lenition)<br />
<br />
:game = u<u>van</u><br />
:to play = uvan si<br />
:metal (in general) = fngap<br />
<br />
:No words yet for horned, moon, favor, nor, judge/judgment. I'll be thinking about those. (I'm not sure if Pandora even has moons in its sky. Can you have a moon going around a moon?)<br />
<br />
:For "nor," you may be able to get around it by using "or" (fu) with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B.<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps!<br />
<br />
:Feel free to share any of this...<br />
<br />
=== Some Conjunctions and Adverbs ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, February 1, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/talun-taweyk-tafral-lun-oeyk-holpxay-hol/msg69552/ source])<br />
<br />
:As for "because":<br />
<br />
:'''Talun''' [ta smukan Skyinou] is almost exactly one of the words I came up with! I had come up with '''taluna''', from '''ta''' + '''lun''' (reason) + '''a''', in keeping with the idea that the clause following "because" is modifying the head noun '''lun''', so that '''"a"''' is required. But I can see that over time the final a could drop . . . so I'm happy to parenthesize it in the glossary: talun(a).<br />
<br />
:There's a related word '''oeyk''' (2 syllables, stress on the 2nd) meaning 'cause.' The corresponding conjunction is '''taweyka''' (with the obvious small sound changes). And in keeping with the above argument, I'll go with '''taweyk(a)'''.<br />
<br />
:So it's talun(a) or taweyk(a), which are pretty much synonyms. Take your pick!<br />
<br />
:By the way, a related word is '''tafral''', meaning 'therefore, because of that.' (The derivation is probably pretty clear.) It's an adverb, unlike '''talun(a)''' and '''taweyk(a)''', which are conjunctions.<br />
<br />
:Perfect analysis of '''sìlpey'''', comparing it to '''ralpeng'''. Yup, that's it! [(tìlaw ta Prrton)meaning that they inflect on the verbal stems pey and peng and not on sìl- or ral-.]<br />
<br />
:And speaking of Neytiri's and Jake's eveng . . . and '''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä''' . . . that's one for JC to figure out. <g><br />
<br />
:'''hol''' = few.<br />
<br />
=== Reflexives and Naming ===<br />
''Quoted by Tiriuä, February 1, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/the-reflexive-(from-a-frommer-email!!!!)/ source])<br />
<br />
:Kaltxì ma oeyä 'eylan,<br />
<br />
:Thanks for the questions, Jake. (Good name for someone who likes Avatar!)<br />
<br />
:I guess I haven't mentioned anything about the reflexive yet. Here's a quick explanation:<br />
<br />
:The reflexive is formed with an infix -äp- that's in "pre-first" position--that is, it comes before the familiar infixes in first position.<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:I see myself. = Oe tsäpe'a.<br />
<br />
:Note: There's no pronoun "myself"--all you need is the infix. And it's oe, not oel.<br />
<br />
:You've seen yourself. = Nga tsäpole'a.<br />
<br />
:Be careful to keep the stress in the original place. Since for tse'a the stress is on the final a, that's where it stays in all the inflected forms.<br />
<br />
:They'll see themselves. = (Ay)fo tsäpaye'a.<br />
<br />
:wash = yur<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:I wash myself. = Oe yäpur.<br />
:I'm washing myself. = Oe yäperur.<br />
<br />
:Tslolam srak? :-)<br />
<br />
:As for "My name is . . ."<br />
<br />
:You COULD say<br />
<br />
:Tstxo oeyä lu ___.<br />
<br />
:tstxo = name<br />
<br />
:But that's not the idiomatic way to say it. Instead, you say "They call me . . ." (which is of course common in many earth languages as well).<br />
<br />
:The grammar here is tricky:<br />
<br />
:Oeru syaw fko ___.<br />
<br />
:Things to note:<br />
<br />
:syaw 'call' is intransitive: you call TO someone. That's why it's fko, not fkol, and oeru, not oeti. (Fko, as I think you know, means 'one' or 'they' in the general sense.) The actual name as almost like an adverb in this construction: To say "My name is Jake," you actually say something like, "They call to me in a Jake way." :-)<br />
<br />
:The question, by the way, is:<br />
<br />
:Fyape fko syaw ngar?<br />
<br />
:Literally: How does one call you?<br />
<br />
:So a typical little conversation is:<br />
<br />
:--Fyape fko syaw ngar?<br />
:--Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?<br />
:--Oeru syaw Tseyk.<br />
<br />
:In the last sentence, "fko" is understood. You could actually leave it out in the 2nd sentences as well. Ngar and ngaru are used interchangeably--pick the one you think sounds better in its position. And "tut" is a "particle of continuation"--here you'd translate "ngaru tut" as "And how about you?"<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps! Feel free to share . . .<br />
<br />
:Kìyevame.<br />
<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Art-related Vocabulary ===<br />
''Quoted by Skxawng ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/art-related-vocab/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Law lu oeru fwa nga mì reltseo nolume nìtxan!<br />
<br />
:[fwa = fì'u a<br />
:rel = image, picture<br />
:reltseo = visual art<br />
:law = clear]<br />
<br />
''and also:''<br />
<br />
:Ma Pìraysì,<br />
<br />
:Tewti!!!<br />
<br />
:Rel oeyä na uniltìranyu lor lu nìngay! Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!<br />
<br />
:[reltseotu = artist<br />
:txantsan = excellent]<br />
<br />
''A followup regarding '''tu''',''<br />
<br />
:About -tu vs. -yu: You're right--"yu" is an ending for a verb, converting it into the doer or agent, similar to English -er. "Tu," on the other hand, is short for "tute," person (as in Tawtute), and is generally used with parts of speech other than verbs.<br />
<br />
:So: for "reltseo" (as you know, rel 'image, picture' + tseo 'art'), we get "reltseotu," 'artist (lit. picture-art-person)'.<br />
<br />
:Likewise, from pamtseo 'music' we get pamtseotu, 'musician'.<br />
<br />
=== Atan Is Illumination ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/atan-lucet-in-tenebris/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Atan is a noun meaning “light” in the sense of “source of illumination.” It’s Jim Cameron’s word, actually. I don’t yet have a word for “light = not heavy”—“light” and “heavy” would be good ones to come up with.<br />
<br />
=== Participles ===<br />
''Quoted by roger ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/participles/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Keruseya tute vs. ke rey a tute (don't attach the ke or a, since rey is a finite verb) is parallel to "dead (= non-living) person" vs. "person who doesn't live OR isn't alive" in English. Semantically they seem pretty much the same [...].<br />
<br />
:Note the Avatar line (which I don't believe made it into the final version of the film):<br />
<br />
:Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska'a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet.<br />
<br />
:'The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock.'<br />
<br />
:Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap. 'A hunting thanator is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
:Palulukan a teraron lu lehrrap. 'A thanator that's hunting is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
=== February 16 2010 Combo ===<br />
''Quoted by Wm Anns'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/combined-answers-1-(feb-16)/ source])<br />
<br />
==== Indirect Question "Where" ====<br />
<br />
1. Is this correct: po kä a tseng(ne) ke tsìme'a oel I didn't see where s/he was going.<br />
<br />
:No, it's not. But it raises in interesting question.<br />
<br />
:The error is in the case of "tseng(e)." The structure has to be, "I didn't see the place that s/he was going (to)," so we're essentially dealing with a relative clause. "Place" is in the matrix sentence, so it should be marked as an object. Changing the word order for clarity (which doesn't really affect anything) . . .<br />
<br />
:Oel tsìme'a tsenget/tsengit [depending on whether you like tseng or tsenge for 'place'] a . . .<br />
<br />
:But what's the RC? The place THAT S/HE WAS GOING or the place THAT S/HE WAS GOING TO?<br />
<br />
:If it's the former, we simply have: a po karmä (I like indicating the tense and aspect here, although it's not obligatory.)<br />
<br />
:If it's the latter, then since we can't strand an adposition in Na'vi the way we can in English, the structure is similar to "the place that s/he was going to it."<br />
<br />
:For inanimate "it" you shouldn't use po but rather tsa: a tsane po karmä.<br />
<br />
:So the two possible versions of the sentence you want are:<br />
<br />
:(1) Po karmä a tsengit ke tsìme'a oel.<br />
<br />
:(2) Po tsane karmä a tsengit ke tsìme'a oel.<br />
<br />
:(2) is unimpeachable, I think. But I'd accept (1) as well. It's a bit loose but it seems like a natural development, and it has the virtue of brevity.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Multiple Vocatives ====<br />
4. Are multiple vocatives clustered (ma smukan sì smuke) or not (ma smukan sì ma smuke)?<br />
<br />
:Clustered. "Ma smukan sì smuke."<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Vocative with Modifiers ====<br />
5. Does the vocative always come before the noun and all modifiers including adjectives and genitives, or is it just before the head noun? Is it always a particle or can it ever be used as a suffix/enclitic?<br />
<br />
:It's before the noun and all modifiers, not necessarily immediately before the head:<br />
<br />
:ma oeyä eylan: 'O my friends'<br />
<br />
:It's always before the NP, never a suffix/enclitic.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Toruk Makto ====<br />
7. In toruk makto it seems like it should be maktoyu. Aside from "James Cameron Said So" is there a reason it is not?<br />
<br />
:So you guys noticed that, huh? :-)<br />
<br />
:JC and I had a bit of a discussion about "Toruk makto." I pointed out that according to the grammar, it should be maktoyu. And I was told in no uncertain terms that it was going to be "toruk makto," and I should figure out a way to make it work. The man certainly has the right . . .<br />
<br />
:So it's an exception--one of the iconic phrases in the language that developed unusually, for whatever reasons, and don't follow the normal rules. If we looked hard enough we could probably find parallels in English and in all other languages.<br />
<br />
==== Enclitic Adpositions ====<br />
1. Regarding adpositions. When they follow, they are written attached to the word. Can we assume this means they are enclitic, and have no<br />
stress accent of their own? Is the accent obliterated in two syllable adpostions, as in eyktanmungwrr?<br />
<br />
:Yes, they're enclitic, without their own stress. EYKtanmungwrr is stressed on the first syllable--a bit awkward, perhaps, but not too bad.<br />
<br />
==== Attributive a ====<br />
9. How are adjectives that begin or end with "a" such as apxa dealt with when the attributive is used? Do other vowels need any special treatment with the attributive?<br />
<br />
:In such cases the attributive "a" is swallowed up and disappears:<br />
<br />
:skxawng apxa, apxa skxawng<br />
<br />
:I can't think of any other cases where this happens, although aä and äa seem like rather unstable sequences. Until further notice, though, I think we'll allow them.<br />
<br />
===More extracts from various emails===<br />
<br />
:''Added by roger. Dates are date of answer by Frommer ''<br />
<br />
;Feb 13<br />
<br />
Keruseya tute vs. ke rey a tute (don't attach the ke or a, since rey is a finite verb) is parallel to "dead (= non-living) person" vs. "person who doesn't live OR isn't alive" in English. Semantically they seem pretty much the same; I'll have to think if there are any systematic differences between these forms.<br />
<br />
Note the Avatar line (which I don't believe made it into the final version of the film):<br />
<br />
:Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska'a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet.<br />
:'The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock.'<br />
<br />
To my knowledge, there's a parallel situation in French:<br />
<br />
"Laughing Cow" (brand name of a kind of cheese) could be either:<br />
<br />
:1. la vache riante<br />
or<br />
:2. la vache qui rit<br />
<br />
In 1, riante is a (feminine) participle. 2 is literally "the cow that laughs," but that's apparently the more idiomatic way to say it, since it's the actual name of the cheese. (I think all of that is correct, but my French is shaky, so it should be verified by a French speaker.)<br />
<br />
I'm not sure which is the more idiomatic expression in Na'vi, but if the meaning is clearly "dead," I'd go with kerusey.<br />
<br />
The point of participles in Na'vi is that they're ONLY used attributively. If you want a gerund, use a tì- nominalization:<br />
<br />
:1. Tìtaron lu lehrrap. 'Hunting is dangerous.'<br />
but<br />
:2. Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap. 'A hunting thanator is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
Also:<br />
<br />
:3. Palulukan a teraron lu lehrrap. 'A thanator that's hunting is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
;Feb 17<br />
:''I asked William's question about caus. v.t.'s taking the dative, and F said,''<br />
<br />
Yes and yes. Good guesses.<br />
<br />
:Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron.<br />
:‘Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede.’<br />
<br />
Cf. French:<br />
<br />
:(1) Pierre a fait construire un bateau à Paul.<br />
:Peter made Paul build a boat.<br />
<br />
:(2) Pierre a fait construire un bateau par Paul.<br />
:Peter had a boat built by Paul.<br />
<br />
For the sentence corresponding to (2)—i.e. ‘Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri’ (which sounds a bit odd)—Neytiri should not be in the dative but rather be the object of an adposition corresponding to Fr. “par.” A candidate would be fa [ADP-] = with, in the sense of “by means of.”<br />
<br />
So:<br />
<br />
:Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron.<br />
:‘Eytukand had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri.’<br />
<br />
:''I then asked about the ambiguous valency of a causative transitive Vb, and whether there was a passive in Na'vi''<br />
<br />
Correct—I haven’t included a passive because I thought that any function it would serve was already satisfied by other mechanisms in the language.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of an agentless passive, you’re right—just use fko.<br />
<br />
For passives with agents, the flexible word order of Na’vi should obviate the need for a passive, or so it would seem. There’s no semantic distinction between<br />
<br />
:(1) Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.<br />
:(2) Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.<br />
<br />
but the two are not equivalent in discourse, where focus is a consideration. In Na’vi, however, the equivalent of (3) is fully grammatical and not at all strange:<br />
<br />
:(3) Hamlet Shakespeare wrote.<br />
<br />
which should fulfill the functions of (2).<br />
<br />
But maybe not entirely. Conjoining might cause a problem. “Hamlet was written by Shakespeare and is the most famous play in the world.” If that comes from “H was written by S” and “H is X,” could you drop the second occurrence of H in the Na’vi sentence? Probably not, since the two occurrences of H (assuming the first occurrence is in the form of (3) above) are in different cases. Maybe Na’vi just doesn’t allow that kind of conjoining. Doesn’t seem unreasonable. But I’ll think more about it.<br />
<br />
I don’t think there’s a problem with valency not being indicated on the verb, but let me know if you find examples where not having such a marker would cause confusion.<br />
<br />
:''I don't think Na'vi needs a passive, since it doesn't appear to have subjects, and passives are a way of keeping subjects aligned in discourse.'' <br />
<br />
:''I asked about William's phrase (Ngeyä teri faytele a aysänumeri ngar irayo seiyi ayoe nìwotx), which F described as elegant, and attributive nouns, forgetting that it was an attributive PP: ''<br />
<br />
Well, there’s no attributive noun here! It’s rather an attributive prepositional (or I guess I should say adpositional) phrase:<br />
<br />
:[ Ngeyä [ [teri faytele] a aysänumeri ] ]<br />
<br />
Is that kosher? I think so. An attributive prepositional phrase results from the same process that yields attributive adjectives from predicate ones, parallel to an analysis that derives “good question” from “a question that is good.” Delete “that is” (when I studied lx, we used to call that WH-is, pronounced “whiz,” deletion) and then, for English, pre-pose the adjective.<br />
<br />
In Na’vi:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tìpawm lu sìltsan] a tìpawm > lu sìltsan a tìpawm > sìltsana tìpawm<br />
<br />
The middle form is perfectly grammatical, equivalent to “a question that is good.”<br />
<br />
If you can do that, then it seems a small step to do this:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tìpawm teri faytele lu] a tìpawm > teri faytele lu a tìpawm > teri faytele a tìpawm<br />
:‘a question about these matters’<br />
<br />
But your question about attributive nouns, or NPs in general, is relevant. What about:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tutean oeyä ‘eylan lu] a tutean > oeyä eylan lu a tutean >? oeyä eylan a tutean<br />
:‘the man who is my friend’<br />
<br />
The final form seems questionable to me. There should probably be a hierarchy of acceptability here, with adjectives at one end of the scale, PPs in the middle, and NPs at the other end. <br />
<br />
:''So, as we've seen, the genitive is what's used for attrib. nouns, not "a"; also, it's now confirmed that the "a" of RC's and the "a" of adj's are the same.<br />
<br />
;Feb 18<br />
<br />
Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue [...]! Slä lu sìltsan.<br />
<br />
OK, let's see . . .<br />
<br />
1. mesyalä ikran<br />
<br />
Strikes me as a little odd, but I guess it's OK. "An ikran of two wings." Parallel to "a man of few words." Genitives are used for many purposes.<br />
<br />
2. mesyalhu a ikran<br />
<br />
I like that the best. Seems quite natural.<br />
<br />
3. *mesyal a ikran<br />
<br />
Right. That should be ruled out.<br />
<br />
4. ?mesyal lu a ikran<br />
<br />
This is the most interesting one. I don't think it should be considered acceptable, but it touches on wider issues.<br />
<br />
Assuming the RC starts out this way:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[ikranur mesyal lu] a ikran<br />
<br />
[Digression: I've been preferring lu-initial order for "have" constructions: Lu ikranur mesyal. But that's not a hard-and-fast rule, so I'll keep the above order, which better reflects your example.}<br />
<br />
The question, of course, is what do you do with the coref. NP in the RC--delete or pronominalize?<br />
<br />
As I'm sure you know, languages have different hierarchies with respect to what happens to coref. NPs. Subjects are the most deletable, followed by DOs, followed by obliques, followed by comparatives . . . (It's been a long time since I looked carefully at this stuff, but I think that's correct.) So, for example, in English you can say "He's the man I spoke to" but in many other languages you have to say "He's the man that I spoke to him."<br />
<br />
In the Na'vi case, coref. NP deletion only extends as far as DOs. So for datives, you need to pronominalize:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[ikranur mesyal lu] a ikran > poru mesyal lu a ikran<br />
<br />
Other word orders work too, of course: lu poru mesyal a ikran (I like that one the best), mesyal lu poru a ikran, etc.<br />
<br />
===Trials & transitivity===<br />
''Wasn't this a Jane Austen novel?''<br />
<br />
''Doesn't look like this was ever posted. Don't know why; it was held up for a while as part of the ''Ma Sempul'' project, but then F specifically said it was okay to release. —[[User:Roger|Roger]]''<br />
<br />
:The regular pronouns are as follows, listed in the order Singular, Dual, Trial, Plural:<br />
<br />
:{| class=wikitable<br />
! Regular pronouns !! sing. !! dual !! trial !! plural<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, exclusive || ''oe'' || ''moe'' || ''pxoe'' || ''ayoe''<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, inclusive || — || ''oeng'' || ''pxoeng'' || ''ayoeng/awnga''<br />
|-<br />
| 2nd person || ''nga'' || ''menga'' || ''pxenga'' || ''aynga''<br />
|-<br />
| 3rd person || ''po'' || ''mefo'' || ''pxefo'' || ''(ay)fo''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:Note the alternate forms of the 1st Pers. Incl. Pl. form. The advantage of the ''aw-'' forms (unrelated, by the way, to '''aw'', one) is that most of the declined forms are 2 syllables rather than 3, or 3 rather than 4. Example: ''ayoengal'' (3 syll.) vs. ''awngal'' (2 syll.).<br />
<br />
:Formal forms: Only for 1st pers. excl. and 2nd pers.<br />
<br />
:{| class=wikitable<br />
! Formal pronouns !! sing. !! dual !! trial !! plural<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, exclusive || ''ohe'' || ''mohe'' || ''pxohe'' || ''ayohe''<br />
|-<br />
| 2nd person || ''ngenga'' || ''mengenga'' || ''pxengenga'' || ''ayngenga''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:For inclusive forms, you use separate pronouns, e.g., ''ohe ngengasì'' (where ''sì'' is "and" cliticized to the second element).<br />
<br />
:Verb forms: The honorific/ceremonial ''-uy-'' is a second-position infix (e.g., occurs in the second syllable of disyllabic roots) in the same position as the other attitudinals like ''-ei-''. (It can't co-occur with them; you can only choose one attitudinal, if any.)<br />
<br />
:So for ''taron'', which I've been using as a model verb, you have forms like:<br />
<br />
::''tolaruyon'', ''tayaruyon'', etc.<br />
<br />
:Keep in mind, though, that once you've used this form in discourse, you don't have to keep using it. It's "understood" from then on.<br />
<br />
''Then this came out end Jan.''<br />
<br />
:As for "because":<br />
<br />
:''Talun'' [ta smukan Skyinou] is almost exactly one of the words I came up with! I had come up with taluna, from ''ta + lun'' (reason) + ''a,'' in keeping with the idea that the clause following "because" is modifying the head noun ''lun,'' so that "a" is required. But I can see that over time the final a could drop . . . so I'm happy to parenthesize it in the glossary: ''talun(a).''<br />
<br />
:There's a related word ''oeyk'' (2 syllables, stress on the 2nd) meaning 'cause.' The corresponding conjunction is ''taweyka'' (with the obvious small sound changes). And in keeping with the above argument, I'll go with ''taweyk(a).''<br />
<br />
:So it's ''talun(a)'' or ''taweyk(a),'' which are pretty much synonyms. Take your pick!<br />
<br />
:By the way, a related word is ''tafral,'' meaning 'therefore, because of that.' (The derivation is probably pretty clear.) It's an adverb, unlike ''talun(a)'' and ''taweyk(a),'' which are conjunctions.<br />
<br />
:Perfect analysis of ''sìlpey,'' comparing it to ''ralpeng.'' Yup, that's it! [(tìlaw ta Prrton) meaning that they inflect on the verbal stems pey and peng and not on sìl- or ral-.]<br />
<br />
:And speaking of Neytiri's and Jake's eveng . . . and ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' . . . that's one for JC to figure out. <g><br />
<br />
:''hol'' = few.<br />
<br />
''Note we now have ''oeyk'' "a cause", ''eyk'' "to lead", and <eyk> CAUS.''<br />
<br />
;Feb 15<br />
<br />
:A couple of things to note:<br />
<br />
:1. Mìso and neto are both adverbs meaning "away." The former is positional: Stay away! The latter is directional: Go away!<br />
<br />
:2. Imperatives, either positive or negative, have two forms: either the bare root or the -iv- form. At an earlier point in the history of the language there was probably a polite/familiar distinction (the -iv- form being the politer one), but that's no longer the case. They're used interchangeably. So to say "Go!" you can say either kivä or just kä.<br />
<br />
:This is an important grammatical point. (Feel free to share.) 'Change' is indeed "latem," but it's the intransitive version, as in "Everything is changing." To change SOMETHING, you need the transitive version, which is achieved through a causative: to change something is to cause something to change.<br />
<br />
:The causative infix is -eyk-, which is in "pre-first" position--that is, it comes before the familiar first-position infixes like -iv-, -ol-, etc. So for the imperative you can say either leykatem or leykivatem.<br />
<br />
:"Begin" works similarly: sngä'i is intransitive: Something is beginning. To begin or start something, you need the causative form: sngeykä'i. Oel sngeykolä'i tìkangkemit. 'I began the work.'<br />
<br />
===Evidential===<br />
''Quoted by Roger, February 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/the-evidential-at-last/msg106055/#msg106055 source])''<br />
<br />
Ma oeyä eylan,<br />
<br />
Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fi’ut.<br />
<br />
[ -ìrm- : past proximate imperfective – “was just thinking . . . “<br />
<br />
-ats- : 2nd position infix indicating uncertainty or indirect knowledge: “you might want.” Could be used with “kxawm,” redundantly, for reinforcement.]<br />
<br />
I was corresponding with someone from Wales, and the question of lenition in Celtic came up. I mentioned the connection to Na’vi and thought you might to see it too. No new content here, just history. :-)<br />
<br />
“In 1998 I visited Ireland and of course wanted to try to learn a little Irish for the occasion. Wow! I consider myself a pretty sophisticated language learner, but Irish knocked me for a loop. (And they say English spelling is hard!) I found the mutations—if I remember correctly, eclipsis and lenition—very interesting. And lenition wound up influencing Na’vi. I had also studied Hebrew, where there’s a process of “spirantization” that has something of the same effect although in different environments, so that was an influence as well.<br />
<br />
“The final influence was Malay/Indonesian, where certain prefixes mutate the initial consonant of the root. It always tickled me that in a Malay dictionary, you need to look up the word “menarik” under T, the word “memandang” under P, and the word “menyatukan” under S! And that situation, of course, has a parallel in Na’vi, with the “short plurals.” (You look up “hilvan” under K, “sute” under T, “fizayu” under P, etc.)<br />
<br />
Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Ok ===<br />
''Reported by Prrton, Feb 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/ok!-we-got-ok/ source]).''<br />
<br />
.. go with "tam."<br />
<br />
As you know, the verb means "suffice, 'do'" as in, "That'll do."<br />
<br />
In the film, I think Grace says "Tsun tivam" in response to Norm's (very good, if formal) Na'vi. Or at least that was once going to be in the film. (As I mentioned, I have a hard time keeping track of what wound up in the final version and what got cut.)<br />
<br />
So saying "tam" for "OK" seems appropriate. It's easy to say...<br />
<br />
=== Zenke ===<br />
''Reported by roger, Feb 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/mustnt-vs-dont-need-to/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Sìltsan nìtxan. Tìng nari nekll.<br />
<br />
:[That is, "See below", where he interlaced his answers w my questions, which I'll put in italics. Comments I'm adding now are in brackets.]<br />
<br />
[embedded email]<br />
<br />
:Did I get this right?<br />
<br />
:Hém geyä zégke fkóru livú cá(y)hem a gáru pŕrte' ke lú.<br />
<br />
:[this was the Golden Rule]<br />
<br />
Very fine. I’ve spelled it zenke, even though it’s pronounced with a velar nasal. And I realize I’ve been inconsistent in doing that, since I’ve spelled lumpe with an m rather than the underlying n. Was probably influenced by English (“impossible,” but “income”). But maybe a little inconsistency isn’t the worst thing in the world.<br />
<br />
BTW, zenke and ke zene are semantically distinct:<br />
<br />
Nga zenke kivä! ‘You must not go!’<br />
<br />
Nga ke zene kivä. ‘It’s not obligatory (OR: it’s not a must) that you go.’<br />
<br />
And how many people have adopted the “scientific” transcription? It’s nice to see it, although I don’t think it will ever become as popular as the “official” one. (Notice what happens when you write Tsu’tey in scientific. NOT a good association with that character. <g>)<br />
<br />
:and is zegke short for zene ke ?<br />
<br />
:This one seems clear:<br />
<br />
:lǐ'fyari leNá'vi Ŕrtamì vay sét 'almóg a frá'u zerá'u ta gŕrpogu<br />
<br />
:assuming Rrta for "Earth"; confirms grr "root" and past pfv. I assume future pfv would be 'alyog.<br />
<br />
Right. As you now know, it’s ‘Rrta.<br />
<br />
*maw (ADP-) = after (time)<br />
*hìkrr (stress on 1st) = second, very short time<br />
*tätxaw (stress in 2nd) = return (intrans.)<br />
*Maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw.<br />
<br />
=== Sar, Fìtxan ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, Feb 18, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/score!-(1)-the-verb-to-use-(2)-more-detail-on-teya-si/ source]).''<br />
<br />
'''*Fayl*ìri lEksel irayo seiyi oe ngar, ma oeyä 'eylan. Tsat sayar oel nìltsan.'''<br />
<br />
'''Tewti! Ngeyä lì'fya leNa'vi txantsan lu nìngay. Fwa sute pxel nga tsun oeyä hì'ia tìngopit sivar fte pivlltxe nìlor fìtxan oeru teya si.'''<br />
<br />
sar = 'to use'<br />
<br />
fìtxan = 'so, to such an extent'<br />
<br />
oeru teya si: 'fills me' (an idiom, English version courtesy James Cameron; understood: "with satisfaction, with joy")<br />
<br />
=== Ngeyä kxetse lu oeru ===<br />
''From the newspaper contest, quoted by Prrton, Feb 22, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/your-projects-other-resources/la-times-navi-challenge-poll-please-vote/msg109545/#msg109545 source]).''<br />
<br />
'''Congratulations to Eri!'''<br />
<br />
''' 'Oleyng nga nìltsan, ma Eri! Ngari Nawma Sa'nok lrrtok soleiyi.'''<br />
<br />
Your entry in the "You're Going Down" contest, "Oeru lu ngeyä kxetse--Your tail is mine" was the clear winner!<br />
<br />
I've already submitted it to the Los Angeles Times editor. The only revision I made was to change the word order to place more emphasis on the "mine":<br />
<br />
'''Ngeyä kxetse lu oeru.'''<br />
<br />
(The end of the sentence is where the "punch" comes.)<br />
<br />
And thanks to everyone who entered and voted.<br />
<br />
'''Irayo ayngaru nìwotx!'''<br />
<br />
Kìyevame,<br />
<br />
Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Adjective Comparatives ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, Feb 23, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/prrwll-moss-the-comparative-to-construct/ source]).''<br />
<br />
:..Is this correct? :<br />
<br />
:: '''Oeru ke tsun livam ke'u lor to Eywa'evengä na'ring a lew säpoli fa prrwll,'''<br />
:: '''kxawm mungwrr fìkifkey a lew säpìyevi fa fpom sì lì'fya leNa'vi.'''<br />
<br />
Very fine.<br />
<br />
Only one suggestion...<br />
<br />
The verb säpìyevi: Why subjunctive? Why not simply säpìyi?<br />
<br />
Argument in favor of the subjunctive: It's a world that MIGHT soon cover itself . . . etc.<br />
<br />
Arguments in favor of the indicative:<br />
<br />
(1) Your translation seems to indicate you're thinking of a world that WILL soon cover itself . . . etc.<br />
(2) I like the clear parallelism between säpoli and säpìyi.<br />
(3) The indicative is one syllable shorter.<br />
<br />
So I'm somewhat more in favor of the indicative, säpìyi. But I think you could justify either version. Your call...<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
Oeri/oeru is often a toss-up. With "lam," though, I think the dative is marginally better, since it's natural for "seem" to take the dative:<br />
<br />
"It seems to me . . . " But you could make a case for oeri as well.<br />
<br />
The syntax of comparatives is perhaps a bit unusual.<br />
<br />
To say "A is adj-er than B," you simply say "A to B lu adj."<br />
<br />
Example: Po to oe lu sìltsan. (not "sìltsan nì'ul")<br />
<br />
No "comparative degree" of the adjective is used.<br />
<br />
Cf. Mandarin:<br />
<br />
Ta bi wo hao.<br />
<br />
=== Tag Question ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon&diff=2784Canon2010-03-21T07:24:52Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''The Na'vi language canon''' is the complete collection of information about the Na'vi language provided by authoritative sources, namely Paul Frommer and the creators of ''Avatar'' (James Cameron and Twentieth Century Fox).<br />
<br />
The canon comprises two things:<br />
* words and phrases spoken or written in Na'vi<br />
* descriptions of the linguistic elements of Na'vi such as orthography, morphology, syntax, and grammar<br />
<br />
The Na'vi words and phrases from canonical sources are presented or linked to on the [[Corpus]] page (where copyright allows). Documentation, explanation, and analysis of Na'vi linguistics are presented on other Learn Na'vi wiki pages ([[Phonology]], [[Morphology]], [[Grammar]], etc.). This page serves to document the canonical sources themselves.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
This page includes information dated '''Dec 2009 - Feb 2010'''. To access '''more recent information''' please see [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Epistles Epistles from Karyu Pawl].'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
<br />
== List of Canonical Sources ==<br />
<br />
The canonical material we have available to date includes:<br />
* The film ''Avatar''<br />
* The Activist Survival Guide<br />
* Paul Frommer's post to Language Log and his later reply to comments there<br />
* The media interviews Frommer has given (mostly around the release of the movie)<br />
* Private correspondence between Frommer and people interested in his language<br />
* The form letter Frommer emailed to his many correspondents in late 2009 and early 2010<br />
* The out-of-office auto-reply message Frommer set up during the semester break in December 2009<br />
* A partial page of Na'vi dialog from ''Avatar'' used by Sam Worthington ("Jake Sully"), as seen in close-up during a behind-the-scenes video released by Fox<br />
* "A Message From Paul" - his message to the Na'vi language community on January 21, 2010<br />
* The [http://forum.learnnavi.org/mgallery/?sa=item;id=56 materials he prepared] for the March 5 Good Morning America spot<br />
<br />
== Commercial Sources ==<br />
<br />
The film ''Avatar'' ([http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/ IMDB link]) contains numerous examples of both human and Na'vi characters speaking in Na'vi. Some of the Na'vi dialog is subtitled in English (or in the local language where ''Avatar'' has been released in non-English-speaking countries).<br />
<br />
''Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora'' aka "The Activist Survival Guide" or "ASG" ([http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0061896756?ie=UTF8&tag=sebaswolff-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0061896756 Amazon link], [http://browseinside.harpercollins.com/index.aspx?isbn13=9780061896750 Browsable link from publisher]) is an official companion book to the movie. It includes a Na'vi-English word list and two Na'vi songs with English translations. It also includes an account of animal and plant life containing some "Na'vi" words that violate what we know of Na'vi phonetics.<br />
<br />
== Na'vi Dialog for Jake ==<br />
<br />
From a Fox-authorized video on YouTube, [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11DLOVLj8xo Avatar The Movie James Cameron Avatar The Movie Behind The Scenes Making The Movie 2]. There's a brief video close-up of some of Jake's Na'vi dialog, "Na'vi Dialog for Jake - 3-13-2007." The stress accent is marked with the underline. See also [http://i46.tinypic.com/29ekdqr.png this still-frame image] from the video. See [[Corpus#Behind the Scenes|the Corpus page]] for a transcription. See also [http://forum.learnnavi.org/vocab-phrases/behind-the-scenes-navi-dialog-for-jake/msg37036/#msg37036 this forum thread] for discussion. Since the dialog is Jake's, there is some concern the sentences may not be perfectly grammatical.<br />
<br />
== Interviews with Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
Shortly before and after ''Avatar's'' release, Paul Frommer gave interviews to several media outlets in which he discussed the Na'vi language and its use in the film. He provided some examples of the language (written in print interviews, spoken in audio and video interviews). He also explained some of its unusual features and talked generally about how the language was developed and the work he did for the film. As the interviews and media stories were intended for general audiences, they provide little detailed information about Na'vi linguistics.<br />
<br />
A complete list of Frommer's media appearances is on the [[Resources]] page ([[Resources#Media_Stories_About_the_Na.27vi_Language_-_Print|Print]]; [[Resources#Media_Stories_About_the_Na.27vi_Language_-_Audio_and_Video|Audio and Video]]).<br />
<br />
== Paul Frommer's Language Log Post ==<br />
<br />
On December 19, 2009 (the day after ''Avatar's'' release) Paul Frommer made a guest post on the linguistics blog [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/ Language Log] titled [http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1977 "Some highlights of Na’vi"]. In that post, he provided an extensive but by no means complete description of the Na'vi language covering phonetics and phonology, word classes and morphology, and syntax. The blog post attracted many comments, and on December 21 Frommer posted a reply addressing many of them, providing clarifications and some additional information about the language.<br />
<br />
To date, Frommer's post remains the largest single ''direct'' source of information about Na'vi linguistics. A great deal of additional information has been learned by analyzing the [[Corpus]], and Frommer has provided additional information in smaller amounts as described elsewhere on this page, but the Language Log post provided the foundation upon which our understanding of Na'vi has been built.<br />
<br />
== Public Email From Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
In late December 2009 and early January 2010, Paul Frommer began replying to his many email correspondents with a form letter, reproduced here from [http://forum.learnnavi.org/website-info/message-from-dr-frommer/ this post] on the [http://forum.learnnavi.org/ Learn Na'vi forum]:<br />
<br />
<blockquote><br />
Kaltxì, and thanks for your interest in Na’vi.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
The enthusiastic response to the language has been very gratifying. I wish I could answer all your e-mails personally, but the volume has been staggering, so I hope you’ll forgive this generic message.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Irayo to everyone who thanked me for the effort and wished me well. It’s been a privilege to be involved in something as extraordinary as “Avatar,” and I couldn’t be happier that people feel my contribution added to the film.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
For those who have expressed interest in learning the language, thank you! The way Na’vi will live and grow is for enthusiasts like yourselves to take it up and expand it beyond its present boundaries. I hope that not too long from now there will be learning tools available to make that possible. Film consultants like me, however, don’t own the rights to the products or services we provide, so I can’t put out any such materials on my own—they’ll have to be in cooperation with the people who brought you “Avatar.” We’ve already begun thinking about that, and I hope that some official form of “Learn Na’vi!” will soon be available to the public.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
In the meantime, a number of people have put up unofficial web sites talking about various aspects of Na’vi. Some of those are quite good, others are only speculative, and still others are highly inaccurate. The Wikipedia article on Na’vi, although not a complete description of the language, is well done and reliable.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu. See you again, and may Eywa be with you.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
Paul Frommer<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
Around the same time period, during semester break at the University of Southern California where he teaches, correspondents emailing Frommer received an out-of-office auto-reply message which included the following sign-off:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>Ayftozä lefpom ayngaru nìwotx! Happy Holidays to You All!</blockquote><br />
<br />
== A Message From Paul ==<br />
<br />
On January 20, Paul Frommer sent a message to the Na'vi language community expressing his appreciation for the community's interest in the language. The message was sent as Na'vi text, English text, and audio of Frommer speaking the message in Na'vi. Frommer also provided a version of the text marked for stress.<br />
<br />
To date, this message is the largest single authoritative example of written and spoken Na'vi (other than the film dialog, for which there are no canonical Na'vi transcriptions). Consisting of fourteen sentences, many of them lengthy and complex, the message contained previously unseen grammatical constructs and added many new words to the Na'vi lexicon. Frommer signed the message ''"Your friend and teacher, Paul."''<br />
<br />
The message can be [http://masempul.org/upxare-niinglisi/ read and heard in its entirety] at the site [http://masempul.org masempul.org]. The stress-marked version is on the [[Corpus]] page at [[Corpus#A_Message_From_Paul|A Message From Paul]].<br />
<br />
== Private Correspondence With Paul Frommer ==<br />
<br />
Many people interested in learning more about Na'vi have sent questions to Paul Frommer. Frommer is not always able to reply, but he has on several occasions given answers which have provided greater insight into the language. Some of those answers have been shared with the Na'vi language community; those answers are documented here.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>'''Note:''' ''communication between Dr. Frommer and his correspondents is inherently private.'' How much of that communication to share, and whether to share anything at all, is a personal decision. No one should ever feel obligated to share anything, and no one should ever expect or demand that others do so.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
'''Note also:''' ''Dr. Frommer is a party in these communications, and his privacy must be respected as well.'' If you have received something from Dr. Frommer and are considering sharing it with the community, '''do not do so''' until you are confident that he has no objections.</blockquote><br />
<br />
If you have new information from Dr. Frommer about the Na'vi language that has not been published elsewhere, '''and''' you are comfortable sharing it, '''and''' you are certain that he does not mind you doing so, then (and only then) please consider making it available to the Na'vi community so that it can become part of the canon and improve everyone's knowledge.<br />
<br />
If you do publish your correspondence, please only publish the parts that are directly related to the Na'vi language, such as new words and phrases or new grammatical rules. Post excerpts only. Leave out anything that might be a personal matter for either you or Dr. Frommer. When possible, post direct quotations from Dr. Frommer so that we can all see what his exact words and intentions are. When you are not comfortable giving direct quotes, a summary or paraphrase is still valuable and welcome, but take care to not present your own interpretation as his words.<br />
<br />
=== Extracts from various emails ===<br />
''Added by roger. Dates are date of answer by Frommer''<br />
<br />
;Dec 15<br />
:'''Kaltxì ngaru.'''<br />
<br />
;Dec 18<br />
''on monosyllabic verbs''<br />
<br />
:And yes, you can see where ''längu'' comes from. ''Lu,'' as you know, is ‘to be.’ So you have inflected forms like ''lolu, leru, layu,'' etc. Those are all with 1st position infixes. Of course you can also have forms like ''lereiu, lolängu,'' etc.<br />
<br />
:One thing I didn’t mention in the post is that whatever vowel receives stress in the root retains that stress in the inflected forms. So all of these forms of ''lu'' are stressed on the last syllable.<br />
<br />
;Dec 21<br />
:Glad you liked the x-digraphs. I'm not thrilled about digraphs in general (as I've indicated, I really wanted to use c instead of ts, as Pinyin does, and g instead of ng, as in Pago Pago), but using them here seemed to be the best choice. Since the apostrophe already meant a glottal stop, trying to use it for the ejectives as well would have resulted in ambiguities: would a sequence like hap'a indicate an ejective (i.e., ha-pxa) or a p closing one syllable followed by a glottal stop opening another (hap-'a)? They're not the same thing! <br />
<br />
;Dec 27<br />
''on why ''le''-adjectives don't take ''a,'' and on ergative case with ''futa''<br />
<br />
:The one time you don't need to use the adjectival ''a'' is with ''le-'' adjectives that follow the noun. (Having two consecutive markers in a row relating to adjectives seemed redundant. Also, I bet the ''a + le-'' combination would tend to decay over time on phonological grounds.) It's not wrong to put in the ''a'' in such cases, but it can be optionally omitted, and usually is.<br />
<br />
:If a ''le-'' adjective precedes its noun, however, you need the ''a.''<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:'''ayftxozä lefpom'''<br />
:'''ayftxozä alefpom'''<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>lefpom ayftxozä<br />
:'''lefpoma ayftxozä'''<br />
<br />
:As for ''futa'' and ''oel'':<br />
<br />
:''Futa'' is a contraction of ''fì'ut a. Fì'u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction.' Here it has the objective (or "patientive") marker ''t.''<br />
<br />
:The idea is that ''fpìl'' 'think' is transitive: you think SOMETHING, which is a thought. (It's transitive in the same way that "create" is transitive: you bring something, the object created, into being.) The a is just the usual "modifying a," as in the adjective examples above.<br />
<br />
:So the sense is, "I thought this thing, (namely) that . . . " And therefore ''oel'' is in the agentive or ergative case, while ''fì'ut'' is in the objective or patientive case.<br />
<br />
;Dec 28<br />
''I also take it that "N le-ADJ lu" is ambiguous between attributive adj. w existential vb and predicative adj. w copula. ... I assume <arm> is <a<er>m> PST.IMPV''<br />
<br />
:Right. I don't think that's a problem, but if need be, a speaker could disambiguate by including the a (optional here) for the attributive case and postposing the adjective after the copula for the predicative case.<br />
<br />
''Are the esses in ''slu'' and ''sìltsan'' related?''<br />
<br />
:As for ''slu/lu,'' I haven't developed anything like a consistent s-derivation. (I could think about that, though.) The ''sìltsan/nìltsan'' pair isn't related—''nìltsan'' is simply a development of *nìsìltsan, which I think could be natural. I wanted to avoid a 3-syllable word for 'well'!<br />
<br />
:Good guesses about ''-arm-'' and ''-iv-.'' ;-)<br />
<br />
;Dec 31<br />
''In ''Tsakrr nga Na'viru yomtìyìng'' "then you will feed the People", shouldn't ''nga'' be in the ergative?''<br />
<br />
:You'd think the verb is transitive, which would require the ergative case. But ''yomtìyìng'' 'feed' is from ''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give.' So there's no DO, and the verb is thought of intransitively, along the lines of 'engage in eat-giving.' ''Na'viru,'' as you know, is in the dative. So the whole thing is rather like, "Then you will engage in (or do) eat-giving to/for the people." There's a whole class of verbs that work on a similar principle.<br />
<br />
:To say "you feed the people meat," you need a different structure. It would probably just be with the verb ''tìng,'' where 'you' is ergative/agentive, 'meat' objective/patientive, and 'the people' dative.<br />
<br />
:A bit odd, perhaps, but I think it works.<br />
<br />
:'''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'''<br />
<br />
;Dec 31, on the SG<br />
:You're quite right that the words you've listed below are not at all in keeping with Na'vi phonology. I've never seen them before.<br />
<br />
:As for ''aylaberu,'' the ''b'' should be an ''h.''<br />
<br />
;Jan 07<br />
:'''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 09<br />
:There's no -ev- infix. The line from the film "Let her walk among us . . ." is:<br />
<br />
:'''Tivìran po ayoekip . . .'''<br />
<br />
:(Walk: ''tìran.'' The infix ''-iv-'' is subjunctive, here an "optative." Po is used for he/she unless it's desirable to make a gender distinction--e.g. to avoid ambiguity in discourse.)<br />
<br />
:About the movie dialog: Keep in mind that there's variation in all languages. Some of it is due to dialectal differences, some to performance errors, some to fast-speech phenomena . . . In other words, it's not necessarily the case that everything you hear in the movie theater prefectly represents standard, canonical Na'vi. Also, remember that Jake, Grace, and Norm speak Na'vi as a second language! It would be especially unrealistic to expect them to be perfect.<br />
<br />
:As for ''ko,'' I don't know any Japanese but I did have in mind Mandarin ba, a sentence-final particle glossed by Li and Thompson as "solicit agreement." Typical translations of ba are: "Don't you think so?" "Wouldn't you agree?" "Let's . . ." "Why don't you . . ." "I'll do X, OK?" I've used ko for all such things, maybe a bit more widely than ba.<br />
<br />
;Jan 19<br />
:'''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
''Why is there no overt SBRD w modals?''<br />
:That's how I've been handling want, can, and must: via a simple, shorter structure, where the subject in the main clause is considered intransitive, and there's no overt subject in the subordinate clause if they're identical:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä.''' 'I want to go.'<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä.''' 'I can go.'<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä.''' 'I must go.'<br />
:(Different word orders are possible in all of these, of course: '''Zene oe kivä,''' etc.)<br />
<br />
:So in these cases, the ''-iv-'' form of the verb functions somewhat like an infinitive. (But never like a gerund!)<br />
<br />
:You can also use the longer form:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (oe) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:But that's less common.<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
:Oh, btw, for ''pxeeveng'' etc. . . . Yeah, you're right. It should contract to '''pxeveng.''' (Likewise for *meeveng > '''meveng.''') I've gone back and forth on the contraction question when two identical vowels naturally come together as they do here. I should be consistent. <br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
''So, what if the verb after the modal is transitive?''<br />
:If the 2nd verb has the same subject as the first, it's pretty straightforward:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new yivom teylut.''' 'I want to eat teylu.'<br />
<br />
:(Back in the dark ages when I had my first syntax courses, that would have been termed an instance of equi-NP deletion.)<br />
<br />
[section on when the subject differs removed for the time being]<br />
<br />
;Jan 21<br />
''Do we get that long form w other modals?''<br />
<br />
:No, with ''tsun'' and ''zene,'' the plain subjunctive is the only possibility.<br />
<br />
;Jan 20, <br />
''on our proofreading of his message''<br />
:'''Eylanur oeyä Kwami sì Prrton . . .'''<br />
<br />
:''Ma Kwami:''<br />
<br />
:'''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!''' [ ''flä'' = 'succeed' ]<br />
<br />
:Just a couple of things to adjust:<br />
<br />
:''yawn'' is not actually the verb 'love.' Rather, '''yawne'' means 'beloved.' (For the noun, the ''e'' has dropped. Happens a lot.) So . . . how would you say 'I love you?' :-)<br />
<br />
:'Work' needs some explanation, which I'll provide when I have a bit more time. Hint: '''kan''' is the verb meaning 'aim.'<br />
<br />
:'Best' is simply ''swey.''<br />
<br />
:Rule is '''koren'''. If it were ''horen,'' then there would be no short form for the plural—you'd have to say ''ayhoren.''<br />
<br />
:''Ma Prrton:''<br />
<br />
:'''Ngal oeyä 'upxaret aysuteru fpole' a fì'uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!''<br />
<br />
:(Alternately: ''Furia ngal . . . fpole', ngaru . . . '')<br />
<br />
:[I'm debating whether standard punctuation should include the comma.]<br />
<br />
;Jan 20<br />
:''Eywa'evengä'' is OK. ''Eywa'eveng'' = Pandora, lit. 'child of Eywa.' Jim's coinage, not mine. (He has the right!) But it works as a compound. <br />
<br />
;Jan 21<br />
''on our guesses for 'I love you'''<br />
<br />
:Re "love": The "indirect" way is correct.<br />
<br />
:I've been playing around with word orders to come up with the most euphonious version. For me, it's:<br />
<br />
:'''Nga yawne lu oer.'''<br />
<br />
:Five syllables (sentence stress on YAWN, of course), not too long . . . sounds good, I think. The laudatory infix (as someone has dubbed it) ''-ie-'' is possible but not necessary, and I've been omitting it here. "Love" itself is positive enough that it's probably redundant, and all other things being equal, shorter is better.<br />
<br />
:As for the sentence with ''tìyawn si,'' yes, that might mean something different. I'll have to think about it!<br />
<br />
:OK, here's a grammatical point I haven't yet talked about explicitly:<br />
<br />
:"Si constructions" have a special syntax. They're considered intransitive--a bit strange, perhaps, but reasonable, I think. That is, "X si" is thought of as "engage in the X-activity," an intransitive concept. What would normally be considered the object is then in the dative, along the lines of, "engage in the X-activity to/for Y."<br />
<br />
:So rather than *Oel ngati tìyawn si," we have ''Oe ngaru tìyawn si.''<br />
<br />
:The literal, pidgen-English translation would be something like "I do loving to/for you."<br />
<br />
:As I said, I'll to think about the implications of that!<br />
<br />
:BTW, [...] I may have forgotten to mention this in the LL post, but the "pseudo-vowels" rr and ll only exist in open syllables. (If you see I've violated that anywhere, please let me know . . . it's not impossible.) [...] '''Lu ngeyä tìftxey!'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 21: <br />
''But the stress shift in ''oe'' would result in the consonant clusters ?/mw/ and ?/pxw/ in the pronouns.''<br />
<br />
:No new C-clusters! The phonotactics are [in]violable.<br />
<br />
:In the dual and trial, the stress on the ''oe'' element does not shift. So ''pxoengaru'' has 4 syllables.<br />
<br />
:In the 1st pers. dual inclusive, however, the problem doesn't arise, because there's no ''me-'' prefix. It's just "you (sg.) and me," i.e. naturally dual, so you don't need the marker. The forms are simply ''oeng'' (N.B.: no ''-a''), ''oengal, oengat(i),'' etc.<br />
<br />
;Jan 21: <br />
''How about ''Plltxe fko san X fyape nìNa'vi?'' or ''X sìk nìNa'vi plltxe fxo fyape?'' for "How do you say X in Na'vi?"''<br />
<br />
:There's an easier and more concise way:<br />
<br />
:'''X nìNa'vi slu upe?'''<br />
<br />
:(As you know, ''slu'' = 'become')<br />
<br />
:It's an example of a neat structure I adapted from Persian:<br />
<br />
:''X be-faarsi chi mishe?'' X in-Persian what becomes?<br />
<br />
:BTW, I've been thinking of '''san . . . sìk''' as correlatives, always occurring together. The only exception is if you're quoting someone and you end with material still in the quote. Then you don't have to say "unquote."<br />
<br />
''I'm not following.''<br />
<br />
:Well, let's see . . .<br />
<br />
:Suppose the sentence is, "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him."<br />
<br />
:Everything converts to direct speech, so it would be:<br />
<br />
:'''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw.'''<br />
<br />
:(Note: *pollltxe > ''poltxe'' )<br />
<br />
:But if it's simply "Eytukan said he would go," and you end your speech turn there, then it's not necessary to have the concluding ''sìk''—it's "understood."<br />
<br />
''Ah, okay. So "he said X" would use just ''san,'' "X he said" would use just ''sìk,'' right?''<br />
<br />
:Yes, "He said X" would just use ''san'' if you ended there and didn't continue.<br />
<br />
:As for whether "X he said" would only use ''sìk'' and omit the initial ''san'' . . . I think that depends.<br />
<br />
:Example:<br />
<br />
:Suppose in a conversation in English you said the following:<br />
<br />
:(1) "I'm planning to sell everything I have and move to Nepal, where I'm going to take up mountain climbing and flower arranging," he said.<br />
<br />
:Since your listeners can't see the quotation marks, would it be clear to them from the start that you're talking about someone else's plans, not your own? It probably depends heavily on the context. Come to think of it, though, (1) would be very unnatural in conversation, wouldn't it? You see that structure in written material all the time, but people don't speak that way. So "X he said" questions might be rare in discourse.<br />
<br />
''And it looks like only direct speech is allowed?''<br />
<br />
:Right.<br />
<br />
''In 'how do you say', was'' 'upe'' rather than ''upe'' a typo?''<br />
<br />
:Not a typo, a goof! It is of course'' 'upe,'' with stress on the first syllable. Thanks for the catch.<br />
<br />
:The other form, as you know, is ''peu,'' without the glottal stop, stress on the second.<br />
<br />
:So you can also have:<br />
<br />
:'''X nìNa'vi slu peu?'''<br />
<br />
:Either one is fine.<br />
<br />
;Jan 27 <br />
''on making a mistake:''<br />
<br />
:'''Oel foru fìaylì'ut tolìng a krr, kxawm oe harmahängaw.'''<br />
<br />
:[hahaw = sleep, stress on 1st]<br />
<br />
:[-arm- is one of the fused infixes that combine tense and aspect.]<br />
<br />
:'''Irayo nìmun.'''<br />
<br />
;Jan 31<br />
''on asking how to say 'good night' ''<br />
<br />
:Let's make it '''txon lefpom.'''<br />
<br />
:''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)<br />
<br />
:A bit expected, perhaps, but I think it has a nice quality, with the two o's.<br />
<br />
:As you know, le- adjectives don't take "modifying a" when post-nominal.<br />
<br />
:The full version would be, "Txon lefpom livu ngar."<br />
<br />
;Feb 1<br />
''what's the diff tween 'vay' and 'mi'? ''<br />
<br />
:''Vay'' (ADP-) means 'up to.' It can be used in several senses, not just temporal: "He counted up to 35" or "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" (a line from one of the video games).<br />
<br />
:Note ''vaykrr'' (CONJ): until.<br />
<br />
''how is dropping the 'a' from 'taluna' and 'taweyka' affected by swapping clause order?''<br />
<br />
:Yes, good point--the 'a' can drop only if the construction is head first, with the reason clause following. There's precedent for that kind of thing, however. With le- adjectives, the 'a' drops when the adjective is post-nominal but not when it's pre-:<br />
<br />
:''txon lefpom<br />
:*lefpom txon<br />
:''lefpoma txon<br />
<br />
:I hadn't thought of ''atalun'' vs. ''alunta''! Interesting. Let me consider that, and whether it has implications for other conjunctions. For the time being, though, let's make the canonical form ''alunta.''<br />
<br />
=== Pronunciation of a ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;In your Language Log, you show in the trapezium that [a] is the low back vowel, in contrast to [æ]. Did you mean to say [ɑ]? I am aware that you use an old American system.<br />
<br />
:I meant [a], a low central vowel; essentially the corresponding vowel in Spanish and Italian, or in the standard American pronunciation of 'hot.' So you're right: phonetically it's not really back.<br />
<br />
=== Transitivity ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
'''Is transitivity lexically marked: you've shown that 'promise' is ditransitive in the guide, but what about the other words? Will you be showing us how to do this soon?'''<br />
<br />
:Well, I've been pretty much leaving it up to the semantics to determine what's transitive and what's not, when it's clear. "Sleep" is clearly intransitive, for example; "kill" is clearly transitive. So I don't need to annotate those in the lexicon. For verbs like 'begin,' however, you have to be told which one you're talking about. So for those, I've indicated the type in the complete glossary. Until that's published, let me know what's not obvious and I'll get back to you.<br />
<br />
=== Monosyllabic Stress ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;I've noticed in a shot of a script that you stress monosyllabic words when they have an inflection (and therefore are polysyllabic), but not otherwise. Should all monosyllabic words be stressed normally?<br />
<br />
:Yes indeed. I underlined the stressed syllables in polysyllabic words for the actors, so they could pronounce their lines correctly. I've done that in the glossary too for all polysyllabic words.<br />
<br />
:The rule for inflected verbs is that whatever vowel is stressed in the root keeps its stress in the inflected form. So for example, the root for hunt, as you know, is '''taron''', stress on the first syllable. So all the inflected forms retain stress on the original a of the root: '''tivaron, tolaron, tayarängon,''' etc. Cf. '''pängkxo''' "chat, converse," where the stress on the ultima. The stress stays there in the inflected forms: '''pivängkxo, polängkxo, payängkxängo'''.<br />
<br />
=== sä- Prefix ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
;Is '''sänume''' indicative of a '''sä'''- nomilinalizer to show the instrument of the verb?<br />
<br />
:The '''sä'''- prefix is a bit of a loose end. So far I only have one example of it in the lexicon: '''nume''' "learn" vs. '''sänume''' "teaching, instruction." You're right: I was thinking of it as something like an instrumental affix: instruction is the thing BY MEANS OF WHICH you learn. On that basis, since '''mun'i''' is the verb "cut," '''sämun'i''' could be a word for a general cutting instrument. I'll need to think more about that, however, since I'm not sure these two cases are comparable. In the second case, you have a concrete instrument, which must be present in order to implement the verb. With '''nume''', though, you can learn by other means than teaching: from experience, from trial and error, etc. So should '''sänume''' refer to any means whatsoever of learning something? I'm not sure yet. Thanks for the question!<br />
<br />
=== Verb Phrases as Objects ===<br />
''Quoted by Taronyu, January 25, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/frommerian-email/ source]). <br />
<br />
'''If a verb is understood to be transitive (depending on your answer above), when the direct object is replaced by a verb phrase, is the subject still marked as ergative? Essentially, which is more correct: Oe new pivlltxe or Oel new pivlltxe?<br />
<br />
:Good question.<br />
<br />
:First note that for "can" and "must," the subject is considered intransitive:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe tsun kivä'''. 'I can go.' (NOT *'''Oel tsun kivä'''.)<br />
:'''Oe zene kivä'''. 'I must go.' (NOT *'''Oel zene kivä'''.)<br />
<br />
:"Want" MAY follow the same pattern:<br />
<br />
:'''Oe new kivä'''. (That is, it patterns like a modal.)<br />
<br />
:But since want, unlike can and must, is a transitive verb, there's an alternate pattern:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa (= fì'ut a) kivä.'''<br />
<br />
:And you also have sentences like:<br />
<br />
:'''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'''. "I want Taronyu to go."<br />
<br />
:So in the sentences you asked about, '''Oe new pivlltxe''' is fine. In one with '''oel''', though, insert '''futa'''.<br />
<br />
''Later in the same message:''<br />
<br />
:BTW, let's take a look at your sentence again:<br />
<br />
:(1) '''Oel new pivlltxe nìNa'vi mì oeyä letrra tìrey, (2) slä oel tsun pivey (3) trrit a ngat taying (oe new tìying!) ayoe nì'ul aylì'u!'''<br />
<br />
:(1) and (2) are virtually perfect: just change oel to oe in both cases. I like letrr for daily! I'll add that to the glossary, with RL in the Source column. :-)<br />
<br />
:(3), though, needs a little help. Are you awaiting "the day that you will give us more words?" If so, the verb for "give" is '''tìng''', so it should be:<br />
<br />
:'''trrit a nga tayìng''' (or, hopefully, '''tìyìng''') '''ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul'''.<br />
<br />
:But if I've misinterpreted you, please let me know.<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps!<br />
<br />
''In a follow-up message:''<br />
<br />
:At the end of my previous e-mail:<br />
<br />
:Let's make that--<br />
<br />
:trrit a NGAL tayìng (or, hopefully, tìyìng) ayoer(u) aylì'ut nì'ul.<br />
<br />
:Kxeyeyri tsap'alute sengi oe. [kxeyey = mistake, error]<br />
<br />
=== Auxilary verb SI ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;Can "si" be a verb on its own, or is it always paired with something else?<br />
: Your intuitions are right. Si is only an auxiliary verb--it needs to be paired with something else. If you ant the main verb 'make,' for example, you need a different lexical item, like txula (stress on 1st) 'build, construct' or ngop 'create.'<br />
<br />
: About the only time si stands alone is when the non-verbal element has already been mentioned and is understood from the discourse:<br />
<br />
: --Nga tsap'alute soli srak?<br />
: --Soli.<br />
<br />
:(Or: Srane, soli.)<br />
=== Dative + copula possessive ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;We have seen examples of the dative and copula used for possession of abstract concepts and states, can it be used for physical possession too?<br />
: This can definitely indicate physical possession. In fact, that's the only way to express the concept of "having" in Na'vi--there's no verb 'have.'<br />
<br />
: But contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, "have" constructions usually begin with the verb. So "I have an ikran" is: Lu oeru ikran. Here, lu has the force of 'there is.'<br />
<br />
: BTW, the inspiration for this was Hebrew, which does something similar: Yesh li sefer (there-is to-me book), i.e. I have a book. The difference is that Hebrew has no copula in the present tense, so it needs a special word for there-is/are. Na'vi just uses the ordinary copula for this construction.<br />
=== Krr: noun vs adverb ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;The uses of "krr" we have seen seem to use it as a temporal adjunct more than a noun, is this a correct analysis?<br />
: Right again. Krr is a noun, but it can also be used adverbially. So tsakrr isn't just 'that time'; it's also (and more commonly) 'AT that time' or 'then.' Likewise kawkrr 'never' and frakrr 'always' are commonly used as time adverbials.<br />
<br />
: If you add a modifying clause to adverbial krr, linked of course with a, you get a "when" clause:<br />
<br />
: Ngeyä Tireaioang zola'u a krr, law layu ngaru. 'When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know.'<br />
: (Lit.: At the time that your Spirit Animal has come, it will be clear to you.)<br />
=== Causality ===<br />
''Quoted by omängum fra'uti, January 28, 2010''<br />
;How do you express causality?<br />
: Longish story, which I'll tell another time. (There's a causative infix . . . )<br />
<br />
=== Vocabulary and <iyev> ===<br />
''Quoted by suomichris, January 30, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/my-dictionary/msg66920/#msg66920 source]).''<br />
<br />
:<u>frr</u>fen (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)<br />
:Cf. frrtu = guest<br />
:te<u>ri</u> (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP- . . . that is, an adposition that doesn't trigger lenition)<br />
:letsunslu = possible<br />
<br />
:The -iyev- infix, which I think you asked about before, is a "fused" form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive.<br />
<br />
=== Numerals ===<br />
''Quoted by Nayumeie, January 30, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/email-from-frommer-re-numbers-(or-the-full-number-chart!)/ source])<br />
:Kaltxì ma oeyä 'eylan Nayumeie,<br />
:Ngeyä pxesìpawmìri ngaru seiyi oe irayo.<br />
:'Awa tìpawmìri 'iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng.<br />
:[zusawkrr = future; in the future]<br />
<br />
:Numbers!<br />
:I have a nice complete chart, but it wouldn't be cool if I simply attached it, as I'm sure you understand. Let me convey the essence, however, in a different form.<br />
<br />
:The system, as you know, is octal:<br />
<br />
:'aw, mune, pxey, tsìng, mrr, pukap, kinä, vol<br />
:volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng, vomrr, vofu, vohin, mevol<br />
:mevolaw, mevomun, . . ., pxevol<br />
:pxevolaw, pxevomun, . . ., tsìvol<br />
:mrrvol<br />
:puvol<br />
:kivol<br />
:zam ( = 64, or 100 octal)<br />
:vozam ( = 512, or 1000 octal)<br />
:zazam ( = 4096, or 10000 octal)<br />
<br />
:First line above: In disyllables, stress is on the 1st.<br />
:Second line above: In disyllables, stress is on the 2nd, except for mevol.<br />
:Third line: Stress on the final syllables, except for pxevol.<br />
:Etc.<br />
<br />
:That should be enough for you to figure out the rest.<br />
:Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu,<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Fused -iv- Infixes ===<br />
''Quoted by suomichris, January 30, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/ source])<br />
:''Ngeyä txantsana tìpawmìri ngaru seiyi oe irayo.''<br />
<br />
:[txantsan = excellent]<br />
<br />
:A number of people have asked about this, so let me explain:<br />
<br />
:There's a small class of "fused" infixes that combine the common -iv- subjunctive/dependent verb infix with those that indicate tense and aspect. It goes like this:<br />
<br />
:PRESENT IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + IMPERFECT -er- --> -irv-<br />
:PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + PERFECT -ol- --> -ilv-<br />
:PAST SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + PAST PROXIMATE -ìm- or PAST GENERAL -am- --> -imv-<br />
<br />
:I think you can see what's happening here: the CONSONANT of the tense or aspect infix is shoved into the middle of the -iv- infix--an infix in an infix, if you will.<br />
<br />
:With the future subjunctive, there's a slight complication:<br />
<br />
:FUTURE SUBJUNCTIVE: -iv- + FUTURE PROXIMATE -ìy- or FUTURE GENERAL -ay- --> *-iyv-<br />
<br />
:The problem is that although a syllable can end with r, l, or m, it can't end with y (unless it's part of a diphthong, which iy is not). That would violate the phonotactic constraints of Na'vi. So an epenthetic vowel comes to the rescue: -iyev-<br />
<br />
:An alternate form of this fused infix has arisen: -ìyev-. As an instance of vowel harmony (rare in Na'vi), the high front tense vowel i has become lax (ì) under the influence of the lax vowel e in the following syllable. Both -iyve- and -ìyev- are acceptable.<br />
<br />
:So that's a very long-winded explanation of why Kìyevame means: "May (we) See (each other again) in the future."<br />
<br />
:''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì'eyng law livu ngar!''<br />
<br />
''Follow-up email correcting a typo, January 31, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/msg68133/#msg68133 source])''<br />
<br />
:Ma oeyä eylan,<br />
<br />
:Tsap'alute, mì upxare a fpole' oel ayngaru trram lu kxeyey:<br />
<br />
:KEYAWR:<br />
:Both -iyve- and -ìyev- are acceptable<br />
<br />
:EYAWR:<br />
:Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable<br />
<br />
:Irayo 'eylanur awngeyä Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun.<br />
<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
''Subsequent email regarding "rolun", summarized by suomichris ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/another-email-from-frommer/msg68387/#msg68387 source]):'' "Just heard back from Frommer. ''run'' means 'find, discover.'"<br />
<br />
=== Midsummer Night's Dream Vocabulary ===<br />
''Quoted by Kiliyä, January 31, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/midsummer-nights-dream-vocab-from-karyu-atxantsan-pawl/ source])<br><br />
Note: stress marking is by Kiliyä based on unquoted notes from Frommer. Kiliyä: "I have assumed that syllables in words start with a consonant, and that -wrr is the syllable's boundry in mungwrr (from munge + wrrpa, "brought outside"?) rather than mu.ngwrr."<br />
<br />
:Let me answer some of your vocabulary questions:<br />
<br />
:sweet = ka<u>lin</u><br />
:tongue = ftxì<br />
:air = ya<br />
:bud = <u>prr</u>nesyul<br />
<br />
:<u>prr</u>nen = infant, baby<br />
:<u>syu</u>lang = flower<br />
:So "bud" is an obvious compound. (Components are often truncated in Na'vi compounds.)<br />
<br />
:sick = spxin<br />
:disease = sä<u>spxin</u><br />
:the state of being ill = tì<u>spxin</u><br />
<br />
:yet, still = mi<br />
<br />
:except = mung<u>wrr</u> ADP- (that is, an adposition that doesn't trigger lenition)<br />
<br />
:game = u<u>van</u><br />
:to play = uvan si<br />
:metal (in general) = fngap<br />
<br />
:No words yet for horned, moon, favor, nor, judge/judgment. I'll be thinking about those. (I'm not sure if Pandora even has moons in its sky. Can you have a moon going around a moon?)<br />
<br />
:For "nor," you may be able to get around it by using "or" (fu) with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B.<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps!<br />
<br />
:Feel free to share any of this...<br />
<br />
=== Some Conjunctions and Adverbs ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, February 1, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/talun-taweyk-tafral-lun-oeyk-holpxay-hol/msg69552/ source])<br />
<br />
:As for "because":<br />
<br />
:'''Talun''' [ta smukan Skyinou] is almost exactly one of the words I came up with! I had come up with '''taluna''', from '''ta''' + '''lun''' (reason) + '''a''', in keeping with the idea that the clause following "because" is modifying the head noun '''lun''', so that '''"a"''' is required. But I can see that over time the final a could drop . . . so I'm happy to parenthesize it in the glossary: talun(a).<br />
<br />
:There's a related word '''oeyk''' (2 syllables, stress on the 2nd) meaning 'cause.' The corresponding conjunction is '''taweyka''' (with the obvious small sound changes). And in keeping with the above argument, I'll go with '''taweyk(a)'''.<br />
<br />
:So it's talun(a) or taweyk(a), which are pretty much synonyms. Take your pick!<br />
<br />
:By the way, a related word is '''tafral''', meaning 'therefore, because of that.' (The derivation is probably pretty clear.) It's an adverb, unlike '''talun(a)''' and '''taweyk(a)''', which are conjunctions.<br />
<br />
:Perfect analysis of '''sìlpey'''', comparing it to '''ralpeng'''. Yup, that's it! [(tìlaw ta Prrton)meaning that they inflect on the verbal stems pey and peng and not on sìl- or ral-.]<br />
<br />
:And speaking of Neytiri's and Jake's eveng . . . and '''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä''' . . . that's one for JC to figure out. <g><br />
<br />
:'''hol''' = few.<br />
<br />
=== Reflexives and Naming ===<br />
''Quoted by Tiriuä, February 1, 2010'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/intermediate/the-reflexive-(from-a-frommer-email!!!!)/ source])<br />
<br />
:Kaltxì ma oeyä 'eylan,<br />
<br />
:Thanks for the questions, Jake. (Good name for someone who likes Avatar!)<br />
<br />
:I guess I haven't mentioned anything about the reflexive yet. Here's a quick explanation:<br />
<br />
:The reflexive is formed with an infix -äp- that's in "pre-first" position--that is, it comes before the familiar infixes in first position.<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:I see myself. = Oe tsäpe'a.<br />
<br />
:Note: There's no pronoun "myself"--all you need is the infix. And it's oe, not oel.<br />
<br />
:You've seen yourself. = Nga tsäpole'a.<br />
<br />
:Be careful to keep the stress in the original place. Since for tse'a the stress is on the final a, that's where it stays in all the inflected forms.<br />
<br />
:They'll see themselves. = (Ay)fo tsäpaye'a.<br />
<br />
:wash = yur<br />
<br />
:So:<br />
<br />
:I wash myself. = Oe yäpur.<br />
:I'm washing myself. = Oe yäperur.<br />
<br />
:Tslolam srak? :-)<br />
<br />
:As for "My name is . . ."<br />
<br />
:You COULD say<br />
<br />
:Tstxo oeyä lu ___.<br />
<br />
:tstxo = name<br />
<br />
:But that's not the idiomatic way to say it. Instead, you say "They call me . . ." (which is of course common in many earth languages as well).<br />
<br />
:The grammar here is tricky:<br />
<br />
:Oeru syaw fko ___.<br />
<br />
:Things to note:<br />
<br />
:syaw 'call' is intransitive: you call TO someone. That's why it's fko, not fkol, and oeru, not oeti. (Fko, as I think you know, means 'one' or 'they' in the general sense.) The actual name as almost like an adverb in this construction: To say "My name is Jake," you actually say something like, "They call to me in a Jake way." :-)<br />
<br />
:The question, by the way, is:<br />
<br />
:Fyape fko syaw ngar?<br />
<br />
:Literally: How does one call you?<br />
<br />
:So a typical little conversation is:<br />
<br />
:--Fyape fko syaw ngar?<br />
:--Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?<br />
:--Oeru syaw Tseyk.<br />
<br />
:In the last sentence, "fko" is understood. You could actually leave it out in the 2nd sentences as well. Ngar and ngaru are used interchangeably--pick the one you think sounds better in its position. And "tut" is a "particle of continuation"--here you'd translate "ngaru tut" as "And how about you?"<br />
<br />
:Hope that helps! Feel free to share . . .<br />
<br />
:Kìyevame.<br />
<br />
:Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Art-related Vocabulary ===<br />
''Quoted by Skxawng ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/art-related-vocab/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Law lu oeru fwa nga mì reltseo nolume nìtxan!<br />
<br />
:[fwa = fì'u a<br />
:rel = image, picture<br />
:reltseo = visual art<br />
:law = clear]<br />
<br />
''and also:''<br />
<br />
:Ma Pìraysì,<br />
<br />
:Tewti!!!<br />
<br />
:Rel oeyä na uniltìranyu lor lu nìngay! Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!<br />
<br />
:[reltseotu = artist<br />
:txantsan = excellent]<br />
<br />
''A followup regarding '''tu''',''<br />
<br />
:About -tu vs. -yu: You're right--"yu" is an ending for a verb, converting it into the doer or agent, similar to English -er. "Tu," on the other hand, is short for "tute," person (as in Tawtute), and is generally used with parts of speech other than verbs.<br />
<br />
:So: for "reltseo" (as you know, rel 'image, picture' + tseo 'art'), we get "reltseotu," 'artist (lit. picture-art-person)'.<br />
<br />
:Likewise, from pamtseo 'music' we get pamtseotu, 'musician'.<br />
<br />
=== Atan Is Illumination ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/atan-lucet-in-tenebris/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Atan is a noun meaning “light” in the sense of “source of illumination.” It’s Jim Cameron’s word, actually. I don’t yet have a word for “light = not heavy”—“light” and “heavy” would be good ones to come up with.<br />
<br />
=== Participles ===<br />
''Quoted by roger ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/participles/ source])''<br />
<br />
:Keruseya tute vs. ke rey a tute (don't attach the ke or a, since rey is a finite verb) is parallel to "dead (= non-living) person" vs. "person who doesn't live OR isn't alive" in English. Semantically they seem pretty much the same [...].<br />
<br />
:Note the Avatar line (which I don't believe made it into the final version of the film):<br />
<br />
:Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska'a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet.<br />
<br />
:'The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock.'<br />
<br />
:Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap. 'A hunting thanator is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
:Palulukan a teraron lu lehrrap. 'A thanator that's hunting is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
=== February 16 2010 Combo ===<br />
''Quoted by Wm Anns'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/combined-answers-1-(feb-16)/ source])<br />
<br />
==== Indirect Question "Where" ====<br />
<br />
1. Is this correct: po kä a tseng(ne) ke tsìme'a oel I didn't see where s/he was going.<br />
<br />
:No, it's not. But it raises in interesting question.<br />
<br />
:The error is in the case of "tseng(e)." The structure has to be, "I didn't see the place that s/he was going (to)," so we're essentially dealing with a relative clause. "Place" is in the matrix sentence, so it should be marked as an object. Changing the word order for clarity (which doesn't really affect anything) . . .<br />
<br />
:Oel tsìme'a tsenget/tsengit [depending on whether you like tseng or tsenge for 'place'] a . . .<br />
<br />
:But what's the RC? The place THAT S/HE WAS GOING or the place THAT S/HE WAS GOING TO?<br />
<br />
:If it's the former, we simply have: a po karmä (I like indicating the tense and aspect here, although it's not obligatory.)<br />
<br />
:If it's the latter, then since we can't strand an adposition in Na'vi the way we can in English, the structure is similar to "the place that s/he was going to it."<br />
<br />
:For inanimate "it" you shouldn't use po but rather tsa: a tsane po karmä.<br />
<br />
:So the two possible versions of the sentence you want are:<br />
<br />
:(1) Po karmä a tsengit ke tsìme'a oel.<br />
<br />
:(2) Po tsane karmä a tsengit ke tsìme'a oel.<br />
<br />
:(2) is unimpeachable, I think. But I'd accept (1) as well. It's a bit loose but it seems like a natural development, and it has the virtue of brevity.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Multiple Vocatives ====<br />
4. Are multiple vocatives clustered (ma smukan sì smuke) or not (ma smukan sì ma smuke)?<br />
<br />
:Clustered. "Ma smukan sì smuke."<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Vocative with Modifiers ====<br />
5. Does the vocative always come before the noun and all modifiers including adjectives and genitives, or is it just before the head noun? Is it always a particle or can it ever be used as a suffix/enclitic?<br />
<br />
:It's before the noun and all modifiers, not necessarily immediately before the head:<br />
<br />
:ma oeyä eylan: 'O my friends'<br />
<br />
:It's always before the NP, never a suffix/enclitic.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Toruk Makto ====<br />
7. In toruk makto it seems like it should be maktoyu. Aside from "James Cameron Said So" is there a reason it is not?<br />
<br />
:So you guys noticed that, huh? :-)<br />
<br />
:JC and I had a bit of a discussion about "Toruk makto." I pointed out that according to the grammar, it should be maktoyu. And I was told in no uncertain terms that it was going to be "toruk makto," and I should figure out a way to make it work. The man certainly has the right . . .<br />
<br />
:So it's an exception--one of the iconic phrases in the language that developed unusually, for whatever reasons, and don't follow the normal rules. If we looked hard enough we could probably find parallels in English and in all other languages.<br />
<br />
==== Enclitic Adpositions ====<br />
1. Regarding adpositions. When they follow, they are written attached to the word. Can we assume this means they are enclitic, and have no<br />
stress accent of their own? Is the accent obliterated in two syllable adpostions, as in eyktanmungwrr?<br />
<br />
:Yes, they're enclitic, without their own stress. EYKtanmungwrr is stressed on the first syllable--a bit awkward, perhaps, but not too bad.<br />
<br />
==== Attributive a ====<br />
9. How are adjectives that begin or end with "a" such as apxa dealt with when the attributive is used? Do other vowels need any special treatment with the attributive?<br />
<br />
:In such cases the attributive "a" is swallowed up and disappears:<br />
<br />
:skxawng apxa, apxa skxawng<br />
<br />
:I can't think of any other cases where this happens, although aä and äa seem like rather unstable sequences. Until further notice, though, I think we'll allow them.<br />
<br />
===More extracts from various emails===<br />
<br />
:''Added by roger. Dates are date of answer by Frommer ''<br />
<br />
;Feb 13<br />
<br />
Keruseya tute vs. ke rey a tute (don't attach the ke or a, since rey is a finite verb) is parallel to "dead (= non-living) person" vs. "person who doesn't live OR isn't alive" in English. Semantically they seem pretty much the same; I'll have to think if there are any systematic differences between these forms.<br />
<br />
Note the Avatar line (which I don't believe made it into the final version of the film):<br />
<br />
:Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska'a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet.<br />
:'The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock.'<br />
<br />
To my knowledge, there's a parallel situation in French:<br />
<br />
"Laughing Cow" (brand name of a kind of cheese) could be either:<br />
<br />
:1. la vache riante<br />
or<br />
:2. la vache qui rit<br />
<br />
In 1, riante is a (feminine) participle. 2 is literally "the cow that laughs," but that's apparently the more idiomatic way to say it, since it's the actual name of the cheese. (I think all of that is correct, but my French is shaky, so it should be verified by a French speaker.)<br />
<br />
I'm not sure which is the more idiomatic expression in Na'vi, but if the meaning is clearly "dead," I'd go with kerusey.<br />
<br />
The point of participles in Na'vi is that they're ONLY used attributively. If you want a gerund, use a tì- nominalization:<br />
<br />
:1. Tìtaron lu lehrrap. 'Hunting is dangerous.'<br />
but<br />
:2. Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap. 'A hunting thanator is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
Also:<br />
<br />
:3. Palulukan a teraron lu lehrrap. 'A thanator that's hunting is dangerous.'<br />
<br />
;Feb 17<br />
:''I asked William's question about caus. v.t.'s taking the dative, and F said,''<br />
<br />
Yes and yes. Good guesses.<br />
<br />
:Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron.<br />
:‘Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede.’<br />
<br />
Cf. French:<br />
<br />
:(1) Pierre a fait construire un bateau à Paul.<br />
:Peter made Paul build a boat.<br />
<br />
:(2) Pierre a fait construire un bateau par Paul.<br />
:Peter had a boat built by Paul.<br />
<br />
For the sentence corresponding to (2)—i.e. ‘Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri’ (which sounds a bit odd)—Neytiri should not be in the dative but rather be the object of an adposition corresponding to Fr. “par.” A candidate would be fa [ADP-] = with, in the sense of “by means of.”<br />
<br />
So:<br />
<br />
:Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron.<br />
:‘Eytukand had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri.’<br />
<br />
:''I then asked about the ambiguous valency of a causative transitive Vb, and whether there was a passive in Na'vi''<br />
<br />
Correct—I haven’t included a passive because I thought that any function it would serve was already satisfied by other mechanisms in the language.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of an agentless passive, you’re right—just use fko.<br />
<br />
For passives with agents, the flexible word order of Na’vi should obviate the need for a passive, or so it would seem. There’s no semantic distinction between<br />
<br />
:(1) Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.<br />
:(2) Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.<br />
<br />
but the two are not equivalent in discourse, where focus is a consideration. In Na’vi, however, the equivalent of (3) is fully grammatical and not at all strange:<br />
<br />
:(3) Hamlet Shakespeare wrote.<br />
<br />
which should fulfill the functions of (2).<br />
<br />
But maybe not entirely. Conjoining might cause a problem. “Hamlet was written by Shakespeare and is the most famous play in the world.” If that comes from “H was written by S” and “H is X,” could you drop the second occurrence of H in the Na’vi sentence? Probably not, since the two occurrences of H (assuming the first occurrence is in the form of (3) above) are in different cases. Maybe Na’vi just doesn’t allow that kind of conjoining. Doesn’t seem unreasonable. But I’ll think more about it.<br />
<br />
I don’t think there’s a problem with valency not being indicated on the verb, but let me know if you find examples where not having such a marker would cause confusion.<br />
<br />
:''I don't think Na'vi needs a passive, since it doesn't appear to have subjects, and passives are a way of keeping subjects aligned in discourse.'' <br />
<br />
:''I asked about William's phrase (Ngeyä teri faytele a aysänumeri ngar irayo seiyi ayoe nìwotx), which F described as elegant, and attributive nouns, forgetting that it was an attributive PP: ''<br />
<br />
Well, there’s no attributive noun here! It’s rather an attributive prepositional (or I guess I should say adpositional) phrase:<br />
<br />
:[ Ngeyä [ [teri faytele] a aysänumeri ] ]<br />
<br />
Is that kosher? I think so. An attributive prepositional phrase results from the same process that yields attributive adjectives from predicate ones, parallel to an analysis that derives “good question” from “a question that is good.” Delete “that is” (when I studied lx, we used to call that WH-is, pronounced “whiz,” deletion) and then, for English, pre-pose the adjective.<br />
<br />
In Na’vi:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tìpawm lu sìltsan] a tìpawm > lu sìltsan a tìpawm > sìltsana tìpawm<br />
<br />
The middle form is perfectly grammatical, equivalent to “a question that is good.”<br />
<br />
If you can do that, then it seems a small step to do this:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tìpawm teri faytele lu] a tìpawm > teri faytele lu a tìpawm > teri faytele a tìpawm<br />
:‘a question about these matters’<br />
<br />
But your question about attributive nouns, or NPs in general, is relevant. What about:<br />
<br />
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>[tutean oeyä ‘eylan lu] a tutean > oeyä eylan lu a tutean >? oeyä eylan a tutean<br />
:‘the man who is my friend’<br />
<br />
The final form seems questionable to me. There should probably be a hierarchy of acceptability here, with adjectives at one end of the scale, PPs in the middle, and NPs at the other end. <br />
<br />
:''So, as we've seen, the genitive is what's used for attrib. nouns, not "a"; also, it's now confirmed that the "a" of RC's and the "a" of adj's are the same.<br />
<br />
;Feb 18<br />
<br />
Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue [...]! Slä lu sìltsan.<br />
<br />
OK, let's see . . .<br />
<br />
1. mesyalä ikran<br />
<br />
Strikes me as a little odd, but I guess it's OK. "An ikran of two wings." Parallel to "a man of few words." Genitives are used for many purposes.<br />
<br />
2. mesyalhu a ikran<br />
<br />
I like that the best. Seems quite natural.<br />
<br />
3. *mesyal a ikran<br />
<br />
Right. That should be ruled out.<br />
<br />
4. ?mesyal lu a ikran<br />
<br />
This is the most interesting one. I don't think it should be considered acceptable, but it touches on wider issues.<br />
<br />
Assuming the RC starts out this way:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[ikranur mesyal lu] a ikran<br />
<br />
[Digression: I've been preferring lu-initial order for "have" constructions: Lu ikranur mesyal. But that's not a hard-and-fast rule, so I'll keep the above order, which better reflects your example.}<br />
<br />
The question, of course, is what do you do with the coref. NP in the RC--delete or pronominalize?<br />
<br />
As I'm sure you know, languages have different hierarchies with respect to what happens to coref. NPs. Subjects are the most deletable, followed by DOs, followed by obliques, followed by comparatives . . . (It's been a long time since I looked carefully at this stuff, but I think that's correct.) So, for example, in English you can say "He's the man I spoke to" but in many other languages you have to say "He's the man that I spoke to him."<br />
<br />
In the Na'vi case, coref. NP deletion only extends as far as DOs. So for datives, you need to pronominalize:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[ikranur mesyal lu] a ikran > poru mesyal lu a ikran<br />
<br />
Other word orders work too, of course: lu poru mesyal a ikran (I like that one the best), mesyal lu poru a ikran, etc.<br />
<br />
===Trials & transitivity===<br />
''Wasn't this a Jane Austen novel?''<br />
<br />
''Doesn't look like this was ever posted. Don't know why; it was held up for a while as part of the ''Ma Sempul'' project, but then F specifically said it was okay to release. —[[User:Roger|Roger]]''<br />
<br />
:The regular pronouns are as follows, listed in the order Singular, Dual, Trial, Plural:<br />
<br />
:{| class=wikitable<br />
! Regular pronouns !! sing. !! dual !! trial !! plural<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, exclusive || ''oe'' || ''moe'' || ''pxoe'' || ''ayoe''<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, inclusive || — || ''oeng'' || ''pxoeng'' || ''ayoeng/awnga''<br />
|-<br />
| 2nd person || ''nga'' || ''menga'' || ''pxenga'' || ''aynga''<br />
|-<br />
| 3rd person || ''po'' || ''mefo'' || ''pxefo'' || ''(ay)fo''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:Note the alternate forms of the 1st Pers. Incl. Pl. form. The advantage of the ''aw-'' forms (unrelated, by the way, to '''aw'', one) is that most of the declined forms are 2 syllables rather than 3, or 3 rather than 4. Example: ''ayoengal'' (3 syll.) vs. ''awngal'' (2 syll.).<br />
<br />
:Formal forms: Only for 1st pers. excl. and 2nd pers.<br />
<br />
:{| class=wikitable<br />
! Formal pronouns !! sing. !! dual !! trial !! plural<br />
|-<br />
| 1st person, exclusive || ''ohe'' || ''mohe'' || ''pxohe'' || ''ayohe''<br />
|-<br />
| 2nd person || ''ngenga'' || ''mengenga'' || ''pxengenga'' || ''ayngenga''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
:For inclusive forms, you use separate pronouns, e.g., ''ohe ngengasì'' (where ''sì'' is "and" cliticized to the second element).<br />
<br />
:Verb forms: The honorific/ceremonial ''-uy-'' is a second-position infix (e.g., occurs in the second syllable of disyllabic roots) in the same position as the other attitudinals like ''-ei-''. (It can't co-occur with them; you can only choose one attitudinal, if any.)<br />
<br />
:So for ''taron'', which I've been using as a model verb, you have forms like:<br />
<br />
::''tolaruyon'', ''tayaruyon'', etc.<br />
<br />
:Keep in mind, though, that once you've used this form in discourse, you don't have to keep using it. It's "understood" from then on.<br />
<br />
''Then this came out end Jan.''<br />
<br />
:As for "because":<br />
<br />
:''Talun'' [ta smukan Skyinou] is almost exactly one of the words I came up with! I had come up with taluna, from ''ta + lun'' (reason) + ''a,'' in keeping with the idea that the clause following "because" is modifying the head noun ''lun,'' so that "a" is required. But I can see that over time the final a could drop . . . so I'm happy to parenthesize it in the glossary: ''talun(a).''<br />
<br />
:There's a related word ''oeyk'' (2 syllables, stress on the 2nd) meaning 'cause.' The corresponding conjunction is ''taweyka'' (with the obvious small sound changes). And in keeping with the above argument, I'll go with ''taweyk(a).''<br />
<br />
:So it's ''talun(a)'' or ''taweyk(a),'' which are pretty much synonyms. Take your pick!<br />
<br />
:By the way, a related word is ''tafral,'' meaning 'therefore, because of that.' (The derivation is probably pretty clear.) It's an adverb, unlike ''talun(a)'' and ''taweyk(a),'' which are conjunctions.<br />
<br />
:Perfect analysis of ''sìlpey,'' comparing it to ''ralpeng.'' Yup, that's it! [(tìlaw ta Prrton) meaning that they inflect on the verbal stems pey and peng and not on sìl- or ral-.]<br />
<br />
:And speaking of Neytiri's and Jake's eveng . . . and ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' . . . that's one for JC to figure out. <g><br />
<br />
:''hol'' = few.<br />
<br />
''Note we now have ''oeyk'' "a cause", ''eyk'' "to lead", and <eyk> CAUS.''<br />
<br />
;Feb 15<br />
<br />
:A couple of things to note:<br />
<br />
:1. Mìso and neto are both adverbs meaning "away." The former is positional: Stay away! The latter is directional: Go away!<br />
<br />
:2. Imperatives, either positive or negative, have two forms: either the bare root or the -iv- form. At an earlier point in the history of the language there was probably a polite/familiar distinction (the -iv- form being the politer one), but that's no longer the case. They're used interchangeably. So to say "Go!" you can say either kivä or just kä.<br />
<br />
:This is an important grammatical point. (Feel free to share.) 'Change' is indeed "latem," but it's the intransitive version, as in "Everything is changing." To change SOMETHING, you need the transitive version, which is achieved through a causative: to change something is to cause something to change.<br />
<br />
:The causative infix is -eyk-, which is in "pre-first" position--that is, it comes before the familiar first-position infixes like -iv-, -ol-, etc. So for the imperative you can say either leykatem or leykivatem.<br />
<br />
:"Begin" works similarly: sngä'i is intransitive: Something is beginning. To begin or start something, you need the causative form: sngeykä'i. Oel sngeykolä'i tìkangkemit. 'I began the work.'<br />
<br />
===Evidential===<br />
''Quoted by Roger, February 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/the-evidential-at-last/msg106055/#msg106055 source])''<br />
<br />
Ma oeyä eylan,<br />
<br />
Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fi’ut.<br />
<br />
[ -ìrm- : past proximate imperfective – “was just thinking . . . “<br />
<br />
-ats- : 2nd position infix indicating uncertainty or indirect knowledge: “you might want.” Could be used with “kxawm,” redundantly, for reinforcement.]<br />
<br />
I was corresponding with someone from Wales, and the question of lenition in Celtic came up. I mentioned the connection to Na’vi and thought you might to see it too. No new content here, just history. :-)<br />
<br />
“In 1998 I visited Ireland and of course wanted to try to learn a little Irish for the occasion. Wow! I consider myself a pretty sophisticated language learner, but Irish knocked me for a loop. (And they say English spelling is hard!) I found the mutations—if I remember correctly, eclipsis and lenition—very interesting. And lenition wound up influencing Na’vi. I had also studied Hebrew, where there’s a process of “spirantization” that has something of the same effect although in different environments, so that was an influence as well.<br />
<br />
“The final influence was Malay/Indonesian, where certain prefixes mutate the initial consonant of the root. It always tickled me that in a Malay dictionary, you need to look up the word “menarik” under T, the word “memandang” under P, and the word “menyatukan” under S! And that situation, of course, has a parallel in Na’vi, with the “short plurals.” (You look up “hilvan” under K, “sute” under T, “fizayu” under P, etc.)<br />
<br />
Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Ok ===<br />
''Reported by Prrton, Feb 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/ok!-we-got-ok/ source]).''<br />
<br />
.. go with "tam."<br />
<br />
As you know, the verb means "suffice, 'do'" as in, "That'll do."<br />
<br />
In the film, I think Grace says "Tsun tivam" in response to Norm's (very good, if formal) Na'vi. Or at least that was once going to be in the film. (As I mentioned, I have a hard time keeping track of what wound up in the final version and what got cut.)<br />
<br />
So saying "tam" for "OK" seems appropriate. It's easy to say...<br />
<br />
=== Zenke ===<br />
''Reported by roger, Feb 19 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/mustnt-vs-dont-need-to/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Sìltsan nìtxan. Tìng nari nekll.<br />
<br />
:[That is, "See below", where he interlaced his answers w my questions, which I'll put in italics. Comments I'm adding now are in brackets.]<br />
<br />
[embedded email]<br />
<br />
:Did I get this right?<br />
<br />
:Hém geyä zégke fkóru livú cá(y)hem a gáru pŕrte' ke lú.<br />
<br />
:[this was the Golden Rule]<br />
<br />
Very fine. I’ve spelled it zenke, even though it’s pronounced with a velar nasal. And I realize I’ve been inconsistent in doing that, since I’ve spelled lumpe with an m rather than the underlying n. Was probably influenced by English (“impossible,” but “income”). But maybe a little inconsistency isn’t the worst thing in the world.<br />
<br />
BTW, zenke and ke zene are semantically distinct:<br />
<br />
Nga zenke kivä! ‘You must not go!’<br />
<br />
Nga ke zene kivä. ‘It’s not obligatory (OR: it’s not a must) that you go.’<br />
<br />
And how many people have adopted the “scientific” transcription? It’s nice to see it, although I don’t think it will ever become as popular as the “official” one. (Notice what happens when you write Tsu’tey in scientific. NOT a good association with that character. <g>)<br />
<br />
:and is zegke short for zene ke ?<br />
<br />
:This one seems clear:<br />
<br />
:lǐ'fyari leNá'vi Ŕrtamì vay sét 'almóg a frá'u zerá'u ta gŕrpogu<br />
<br />
:assuming Rrta for "Earth"; confirms grr "root" and past pfv. I assume future pfv would be 'alyog.<br />
<br />
Right. As you now know, it’s ‘Rrta.<br />
<br />
*maw (ADP-) = after (time)<br />
*hìkrr (stress on 1st) = second, very short time<br />
*tätxaw (stress in 2nd) = return (intrans.)<br />
*Maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw.<br />
<br />
=== Sar, Fìtxan ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, Feb 18, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/score!-(1)-the-verb-to-use-(2)-more-detail-on-teya-si/ source]).''<br />
<br />
'''*Fayl*ìri lEksel irayo seiyi oe ngar, ma oeyä 'eylan. Tsat sayar oel nìltsan.'''<br />
<br />
'''Tewti! Ngeyä lì'fya leNa'vi txantsan lu nìngay. Fwa sute pxel nga tsun oeyä hì'ia tìngopit sivar fte pivlltxe nìlor fìtxan oeru teya si.'''<br />
<br />
sar = 'to use'<br />
<br />
fìtxan = 'so, to such an extent'<br />
<br />
oeru teya si: 'fills me' (an idiom, English version courtesy James Cameron; understood: "with satisfaction, with joy")<br />
<br />
=== Ngeyä kxetse lu oeru ===<br />
''From the newspaper contest, quoted by Prrton, Feb 22, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/your-projects-other-resources/la-times-navi-challenge-poll-please-vote/msg109545/#msg109545 source]).''<br />
<br />
'''Congratulations to Eri!'''<br />
<br />
''' 'Oleyng nga nìltsan, ma Eri! Ngari Nawma Sa'nok lrrtok soleiyi.'''<br />
<br />
Your entry in the "You're Going Down" contest, "Oeru lu ngeyä kxetse--Your tail is mine" was the clear winner!<br />
<br />
I've already submitted it to the Los Angeles Times editor. The only revision I made was to change the word order to place more emphasis on the "mine":<br />
<br />
'''Ngeyä kxetse lu oeru.'''<br />
<br />
(The end of the sentence is where the "punch" comes.)<br />
<br />
And thanks to everyone who entered and voted.<br />
<br />
'''Irayo ayngaru nìwotx!'''<br />
<br />
Kìyevame,<br />
<br />
Pawl<br />
<br />
=== Adjective Comparatives ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, Feb 23, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/prrwll-moss-the-comparative-to-construct/ source]).''<br />
<br />
:..Is this correct? :<br />
<br />
:: '''Oeru ke tsun livam ke'u lor to Eywa'evengä na'ring a lew säpoli fa prrwll,'''<br />
:: '''kxawm mungwrr fìkifkey a lew säpìyevi fa fpom sì lì'fya leNa'vi.'''<br />
<br />
Very fine.<br />
<br />
Only one suggestion...<br />
<br />
The verb säpìyevi: Why subjunctive? Why not simply säpìyi?<br />
<br />
Argument in favor of the subjunctive: It's a world that MIGHT soon cover itself . . . etc.<br />
<br />
Arguments in favor of the indicative:<br />
<br />
(1) Your translation seems to indicate you're thinking of a world that WILL soon cover itself . . . etc.<br />
(2) I like the clear parallelism between säpoli and säpìyi.<br />
(3) The indicative is one syllable shorter.<br />
<br />
So I'm somewhat more in favor of the indicative, säpìyi. But I think you could justify either version. Your call...<br />
<br />
Notes:<br />
<br />
Oeri/oeru is often a toss-up. With "lam," though, I think the dative is marginally better, since it's natural for "seem" to take the dative:<br />
<br />
"It seems to me . . . " But you could make a case for oeri as well.<br />
<br />
The syntax of comparatives is perhaps a bit unusual.<br />
<br />
To say "A is adj-er than B," you simply say "A to B lu adj."<br />
<br />
Example: Po to oe lu sìltsan. (not "sìltsan nì'ul")<br />
<br />
No "comparative degree" of the adjective is used.<br />
<br />
Cf. Mandarin:<br />
<br />
Ta bi wo hao.<br />
<br />
=== Tag Question ===<br />
''Quoted by Prrton, March 1, 2010 ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/txantsana-pxesisung-kefyak/ source]).''<br />
<br />
Tewti, ma Prrton! Txantsana tìkangkem, txantsana aysäfpìl.<br />
<br />
[As you can guess, säfpìl = idea, thought -- sä.FPÌL]<br />
<br />
Lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe...<br />
<br />
« Teri » does not cause lenition. "Sa'u" is a short plural (short for aysa'u, of course): Literally: We have many matters that (we) may speak about THEM (or: THOSE THINGS)--i.e., we have a lot to talk about.<br />
<br />
For the equivalent of "isn't that true?" "¿verdad?" "n'est-ce pas?" etc. let's go with "kefya [ke.FYA] srak?" or, as an equivalent shorter form, "kefyak?" (Derived, as we discussed, from "ke fìfya srak?")</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2777Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:49:27Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* T [t] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
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'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
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'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
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'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
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'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
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'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
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'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
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'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
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'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
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'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
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'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
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'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
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'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
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'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
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'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
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== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
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'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
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== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
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'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
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'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
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'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
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'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
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'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
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'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
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'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
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'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
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'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
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'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
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'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
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'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
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'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
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'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
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'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
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'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
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'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
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'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
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'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
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'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
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'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
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'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
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'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
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'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
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'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
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'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
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'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
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'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
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'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
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'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
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'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
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'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
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'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
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'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
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'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
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'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
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'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
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'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
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'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
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'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
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'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
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'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
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'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
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'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
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'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
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'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
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'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
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'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
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'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2776Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:48:30Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* N [n] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2775Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:47:59Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* N [n] */ nekll</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
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'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
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'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
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'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|kll}}''' [nɛ.kl̩ː] ''(Adv)'' down ''(direction)''. ► ''Tìng nari nekll'' "See below" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Zenke]).<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2774Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:37:00Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* T [t] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
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'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
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'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
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'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
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'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
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'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
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== AW [aw] ==<br />
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'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
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'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
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== AY [aj] ==<br />
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'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► ''Tsun tivam'' [It's ok; ''lit.:'' It is able to do it] ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2773Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:33:27Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* F [f] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
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'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
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'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
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'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2772Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:33:01Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* F [f] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] [(http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential)].<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2771Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:31:36Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* A [a] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
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'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
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'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
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'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
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'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
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'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2770Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:30:59Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* A [a] */ <ats></p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''‹ats›''' [a.ʦ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge <<small>EVID</small>>. ► ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with ''kxam'' (perhaps) for reinforcement [(http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential)].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2769Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:23:33Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* S [s] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
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'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
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'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
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'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
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'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
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'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
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'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
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'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
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'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
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'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
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'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
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'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
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'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
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'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
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'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
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'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
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'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
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'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
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'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
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'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
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'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
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'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
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'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
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'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
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'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
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'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
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'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
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'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
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'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
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'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
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'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
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'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
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'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
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'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
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'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
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'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
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'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
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'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
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'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
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'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
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'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
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'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
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'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
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'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
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'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
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'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
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'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
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'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
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'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2768Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:20:47Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* L [l] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
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'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
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'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
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'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
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'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
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== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
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'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
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'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
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== L [l] ==<br />
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'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem'', but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''leykatem'' [someone changes something] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
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'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
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'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
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'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
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'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
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'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
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'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
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'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
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'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
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'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
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'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
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'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
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'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
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'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
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'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
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'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
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'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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== M [m] ==<br />
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'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
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'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
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'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
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'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
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'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
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'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
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'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
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'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
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'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
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'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
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'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
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'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
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'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
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'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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== N [n] ==<br />
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'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
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'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
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'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
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'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
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'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
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'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
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'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
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'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
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'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
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'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
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'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
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'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
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'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
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'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
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'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
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'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
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'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
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'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
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'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
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'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2767Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:17:48Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* L [l] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
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'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
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ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
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ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
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'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
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'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
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'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
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'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
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'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
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'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
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'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
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== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
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'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
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== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
<br />
'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
== E [ɛ] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
<br />
'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
<br />
'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
<br />
'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
<br />
'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
<br />
'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
<br />
'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
<br />
'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
<br />
'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
<br />
'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
<br />
'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing).'' ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
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'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
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'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
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'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
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'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
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'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2766Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:17:14Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* L [l] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
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'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
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'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
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'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
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'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
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'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
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== AW [aw] ==<br />
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'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
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'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
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== AY [aj] ==<br />
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'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(Vin)'' change ''(something is changing). ► "'Change' is indeed ''latem''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
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'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
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'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
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'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
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'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
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'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
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'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2765Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:13:31Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* N [n] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
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ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
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'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
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'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
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'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
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'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
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'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
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== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
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== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
<br />
'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
<br />
'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
<br />
'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
<br />
'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
== F [f] ==<br />
<br />
'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
<br />
'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
<br />
'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
<br />
'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
<br />
'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
<br />
'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
<br />
'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
<br />
'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
<br />
'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
<br />
'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(V)'' change.<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
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'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
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'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
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'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
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'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
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'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction: "Go away!"; cf. ''mìso'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15); ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
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'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
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'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
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'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
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'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
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'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
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'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
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'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
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'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
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== O [o] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
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'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
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'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
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'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== P [p] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
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'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
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'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
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'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
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'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
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'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
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'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
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'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
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'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
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'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
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'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
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'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
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'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
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'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2764Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:12:03Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* M [m] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
<br />
'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(V)'' change.<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position: "Stay away!"; cf. ''neto'')''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction)''. ► ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
<br />
'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
<br />
'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
<br />
'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
<br />
'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
<br />
'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
<br />
'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
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'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
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'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
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'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
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'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
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'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
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'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
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'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
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'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
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'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
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'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
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'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2763Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:08:21Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* AY [aj] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
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ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
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ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
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ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
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== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
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'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
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'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
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'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
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'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
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'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
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'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
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'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== A [a] ==<br />
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'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
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'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
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'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
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'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
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'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
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'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
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'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
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'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
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'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
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'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
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== AW [aw] ==<br />
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'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
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'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
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== AY [aj] ==<br />
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'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
<br />
'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
<br />
'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
<br />
'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
<br />
'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
<br />
'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
<br />
'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
<br />
'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
<br />
'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
<br />
'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
<br />
'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
<br />
'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
<br />
'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
<br />
'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
<br />
'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
<br />
'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
<br />
'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
<br />
'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
<br />
'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
<br />
'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
<br />
'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
<br />
'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== H [h] ==<br />
<br />
'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
<br />
'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
<br />
'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
<br />
'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
<br />
'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
<br />
'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
<br />
'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
<br />
== I [i] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
<br />
'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
<br />
'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
<br />
'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
<br />
'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
<br />
'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
<br />
'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
<br />
'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
<br />
'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
<br />
'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
<br />
'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
<br />
'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
<br />
'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
<br />
'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
<br />
== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
<br />
'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(V)'' change.<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
<br />
'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
<br />
'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
<br />
'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
<br />
'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
<br />
'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
<br />
'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position)''.<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
<br />
'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
<br />
'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
<br />
'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
<br />
'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
<br />
'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction)''. ► ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
<br />
'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
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'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
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'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
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'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
<br />
'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
<br />
'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
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'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
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'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
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'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
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'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
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'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
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'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
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'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
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'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
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'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
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'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
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'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
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'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
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'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
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'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
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'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
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'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
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'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
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'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
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'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
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'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
<br />
'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
<br />
'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
<br />
'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
<br />
'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
<br />
'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
<br />
'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
<br />
'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
<br />
'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
<br />
'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
<br />
'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
<br />
== U [u] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
<br />
'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
<br />
'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
== V [v] ==<br />
<br />
'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
<br />
'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
<br />
== W [w] ==<br />
<br />
'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
<br />
'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
<br />
'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
<br />
'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
<br />
== Y [j] ==<br />
<br />
'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
<br />
'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
<br />
'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
<br />
'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
<br />
== Z [z] ==<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
<br />
'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
<br />
'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
<br />
'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnuhttps://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Vocabulary&diff=2762Vocabulary2010-03-19T09:05:34Z<p>Na'rìghawnu: /* NG (= G) [ŋ] */</p>
<hr />
<div>{| align="right"<br />
| __TOC__<br />
|}<br />
<br />
The [[Na'vi language]] has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, ''rr'' and ''ll'' ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:<br />
<br />
'''’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z''' <br />
<br />
The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►. <br />
<br />
''Example:''<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
----<br />
<br />
ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of '''yom·tìng''' is not ''*yìyomtìng'' but is ''yomtìyìng.''<br />
<br />
ad 2. '''{{acc|Purple colour}}''' is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.<br />
<br />
ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.<br />
<br />
ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adj''<br />
| adjective<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp+''<br />
| adposition causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adp–''<br />
| adposition not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''Adv''<br />
| adverb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 1''<br />
| first-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf pre-1''<br />
| "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Inf 2''<br />
| second-position verbal infix <br />
|-<br />
| ''Idiom''<br />
| idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions) <br />
|-<br />
| ''Conj''<br />
| conjunction<br />
|-<br />
| ''M+''<br />
| marker causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''M–''<br />
| marker not causing lenitation<br />
|-<br />
| ''N''<br />
| noun<br />
|-<br />
| ''NP''<br />
| proper noun (names of people, places etc.)<br />
|-<br />
| ''Num''<br />
| numeral<br />
|-<br />
| ''Part''<br />
| particle<br />
|-<br />
| ''Pron''<br />
| pronoun<br />
|-<br />
| ''Q''<br />
| question word<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vin''<br />
| intransitive verb<br />
|-<br />
| ''Vtr''<br />
| transitive verb<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==<br />
<br />
'''’{{acc|am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.<br />
<br />
'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}})<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.<br />
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'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.<br />
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'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tε] ''(N)'' daughter.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.<br />
<br />
'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.<br />
<br />
'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.<br />
<br />
'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pε] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== A [a] ==<br />
<br />
'''a''' [a] ''(M–)'' to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the ''a'' is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip'' "so choose one [who is] among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).<br />
<br />
'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lak}}si''' [a.ˈlak.si] ''(Adj)'' ready.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|lìm}}''' [a.ˈlɪm] ''(Adv)'' far away, at a distance.<br />
<br />
'''‹am›''' [a.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate past tense <<small>PST</small>>. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|pxa}}''' [a.ˈpʼa] ''(Adj)'' large.<br />
<br />
'''‹arm›''' [aɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt <<small>PST.IPFV</small>>. ► "''<arm>'' is ''<a<er>m>'' <small>PST.IMPV</small>" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 28); ''oe harmahängaw'' [I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► [[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]].<br />
<br />
'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.<br />
<br />
'''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|a}}u''' [ˈa.u] ''(N)'' drum ''(made of skin)''.<br />
<br />
'''a{{acc|u}}ngia''' [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] ''(N)'' sign, omen.<br />
<br />
== AW [aw] ==<br />
<br />
'''‹awn›''' [aw.n] (''Inf pre-1'') to make a passive participle.<br />
<br />
'''awnga, awngeyä, awngar(u)''' ↑ ''ayoeng''.<br />
<br />
== AY [aj] ==<br />
<br />
'''ay+''' [aj] ''(M+)'' plural prefix. ► ''aysokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayzìsìt'' "years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayoe'' "we" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayeylanur oeyä'' "to my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ay›''' [a.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate future tense <<small>FUT</small>>. ► ''tayaron'' "will hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayfo''' [aj.fo] ''(Pron)'' they ''(3rd person plural; short plural:'' fo'' ).'' ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayfeyä''' [aj.fɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' their. ''(short plural: ''feyä'').'' ► ''holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä'' "the number of their fingers" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
# '''ayforu''' [aj.fo.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to them. ''(short plural:'' foru '').'' ► ''foru ’upxaret oel fpole’'' "I have sent them a message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ayla''' [aj.la] ''(Adj)'' the others. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|la}}ru''' [aj.ˈla.ɾu] contraction of ''ay-lahe-ru'' (to the others). <br />
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'''ay{{acc|nga}}''' [aj.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person plural).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngal''' [aj.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngeyä''' [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngaru''' [aj.ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayngar''' [aj.ŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''ayngati''' [aj.ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends." ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''ayngenga''' [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''aynga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|o}}e''' [aj.ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, exclusive).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe …'' "We are walking … we are singing …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''ayoeru''' [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ayoer''' [aj.o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ayohe''' [aj.o.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''ayoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ayngengasì'' [I and you] or ''ohe pxengengasì'' [I and (the three of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ay{{acc|oeng}}''' [aj.o.ɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''awnga''' [awŋa] ''(Pron)'' we ''(1st person plural, inclusive).''<br />
# '''ayoengal''' [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(or)'' '''awngal''' [awŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
# '''awngeyä''' [awŋɛ.jä] ''(Genitive:)'' our. ► ''Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "In the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''awngar''' [awŋaɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to us. ► ''… fohu a … zamolunge awngar'' "with those who brought us …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== Ä [æ] ==<br />
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'''-ä''' [æ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-yä'' ]. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhythm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|i}}e''' [æ.ˈi.ɛ] ''(N)'' vision (spiritual sense).<br />
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'''‹äng›''' [æŋ] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate negative feelings <<small>PEJ</small>>. ► ''längu'' "is-<small>NEG-ATTIDUDE</small>", ''tayarängon'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ä}}o''' [æ.o] ''(Adp–)'' under, below. ► ''äo Vitrautral'' "under the Tree of Souls" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''‹äp›''' [æ.p] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► ''oe tsäpe’a'' "I see myself." ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] ''(N)'' request.<br />
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'''ä{{acc|txä}}le si''' [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] ''(Vin)'' request. ► Uses ''tsnì'' to introduce the clause for what is requested, ''ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron'' "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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== E [ɛ] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}an''' [ˈɛ.an] ''(Adj)'' blue, green. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''‹ei›''' [ɛ.i] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate positive feelings <<small>APPROB</small>> [allomorph: ''-eiy'' ]. ► ''tayareion'' "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''‹eiy›''' [ɛ.i.j] ''(Inf 2)'' allomorph of ↑ ''‹ei›'' ''(in case of a following i).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu''' [ˈɛl.tu] ''(N)'' brain.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu le{{acc|fngap}}''' [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] ''(N)'' computer ''(lit.: metallic brain).''<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tu si''' [ˈɛl.tu si] ''(V)'' pay attention, quit goofing off.<br />
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'''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.<br />
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'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test).''<br />
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'''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.<br />
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'''‹er›''' [ɛ.ɾ] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate imperfective aspect <<small>IPFV</small>>. ► ''teraron'' "be hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''palulukan a teraron'' "a thanator that's hunting" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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== EY [ɛj] ==<br />
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'''ey{{acc|awr}}''' [ɛj.ˈawɾ] ''(Adj)'' correct, right. ► [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]<br />
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'''‹eyk›''' [ɛj.k] ''(Inf pre-1)'' to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using ''fa'' (A has something be done 'by' B). ► ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''eyk''' [ɛjk] ''(V)'' lead.<br />
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'''{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' leader.<br />
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'''eylan''' ↑ ''’eylan''.<br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa''' [ˈɛj.wa] ''(NP)'' Eywa, 'the Great Mother' ''(the deity of the Na’vi)''. <br />
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'''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
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'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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== F [f] ==<br />
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'''fa''' [fa] ''(Adp–)'' with, by means of. ► ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fa{{acc|hew}}''' [fa.ˈhɛw] ''(N)'' smell. ► ''fahew'' "smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''fay+''' [faj] ''(M+)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► ''fayvrrtep'' "these demons" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''teri faytele'' [about these topics] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
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'''fäpa''' [fæ.pa] ''(N)'' top.<br />
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'''feyä''' ↑ ''ayfo''.<br />
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'''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''[↑ a fì’u].'' ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|kem}}''' [fɪ.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' this (action).<br />
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'''{{acc|fì}}po''' [ˈfɪ.po] ''(Pron)'' this one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|trr}}''' [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' today.<br />
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'''fì{{acc|txan}}''' [fɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' so, to such an extent. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fì{{acc|tseng}}e''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(or)'' '''fì{{acc|tseng}}''' [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' here, this place. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fka}}rut''' [ˈfka.ɾut] ''(V)'' peel.<br />
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'''fkew''' [fkɛw] ''(Adj)'' mighty.<br />
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'''{{acc|fkxa}}ke''' [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] ''(V)'' itch.<br />
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'''fkip''' [fkip] ''(Adp–)'' up among.<br />
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'''fko''' [fko] ''(Pron)'' one, they ''(in the general sense).'' ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri [''lit.:'' one calls (to) me Neytiri]" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''flä''' [flæ] ''(Vin)'' succeed. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''fmal''' [fmal] ''(Vtr)'' sustain.<br />
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'''fmawn''' [fmawn] ''(N)'' news, something to report. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" {{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fme}}tok''' [ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(V)'' test.<br />
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'''fmi''' [fmi] ''(V)'' try, attempt.<br />
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'''fnu''' [fnu] ''(V)'' quiet (= be quiet).<br />
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'''fngap''' [fŋap] ''(N)'' metal. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''fo, fo…''' ↑ ''ayfo, ayfo…''.<br />
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'''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.<br />
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'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.<br />
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'''fpi''' [fpi] ''(Adp+)'' for (the benefit or sake of).<br />
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'''fpìl''' [fpɪl] ''(Vtr)'' think. ► "''fpìl'' is transitive", ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fpom''' [fpom] ''(N)'' well-being, happiness; peace. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxa}}faw''' [ˈfpʼa.faw] ''(N)'' medusa ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [fɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''fra{{acc|trr}}''' [fɾa.'tr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' every day.<br />
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'''{{acc|fra}}po''' [fɾa.po] ''(Pron)'' everyone.<br />
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'''frìp''' [fɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' bite.<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}fen''' [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] ''(Vtr)'' visit. ► "''frrfen'' (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|frr}}tu''' [ˈfr̩ː.tu] ''(N)'' visitor, guest. ► "''frrtu'' = guest" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
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'''ftang''' [ftaŋ] ''(V)'' stop.<br />
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'''ftaw{{acc|nem}}krr''' [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' past.<br />
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'''fte''' [ftɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that, (in order) to. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|fte}}ke''' [ˈftɛ.kɛ] ''(Conj)'' so that not, lest.<br />
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'''ftem''' [ftɛm] ''(Vtr)'' pass by ''(something)''.<br />
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'''fti{{acc|a}}''' [fti.ˈa] ''(V)'' study.<br />
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'''ftu''' [ftu] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|ftu}}e''' [ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adj)'' easy, simple. ► ''Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue'' [Your questions aren't easy] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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'''ftxey''' [ftʼɛj] ''(Vtr)'' choose. ► ''ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal'' "choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ftxì''' [ftʼɪ] ''(N)'' tongue. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''ftxo{{acc|zä}}''' [ftʼo.ˈzæ] ''(N)'' holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}} and [http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}).<br />
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'''fu''' [fu] ''(Conj)'' or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" ''(fu)'' with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ria''' [ˈfu.ɾi.a] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’uri a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''{{acc|fu}}ta''' [ˈfu.ta] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’ut a, ↑ ''a fì’u'' ). ► ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Oel fpolìl futa …'' "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27). <br />
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'''fwa''' [fwa] ''(Conj)'' that (contraction of ''fì’u a'', ↑ ''a fì’u'' ).<br />
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'''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''fyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(Vin + dative)'' guide. ► ''oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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== H [h] ==<br />
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'''ha''' [ha] ''(Conj)'' so, in that case. ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?]'' "So choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''{{acc|ha}}haw''' [ˈha.haw] ''(Vin)'' sleep. ► "''hahaw'' = sleep" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27); ''Neytiri herahaw'' "Neytiri is sleeping" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|hang}}ham''' [ˈhaŋ.ham] ''(Vin)'' laugh.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|pxì}}''' [ha.ˈpʼɪ] ''(N)'' part.<br />
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'''ha{{acc|sey}}''' [ha.ˈsɛj] ''(Adj)'' done, finished.<br />
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'''hawl''' [hawl] ''(V)'' prepare.<br />
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'''{{acc|haw}}nu''' [ˈhaw.nu] ''(V)'' protect, shelter.<br />
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'''hetuwong''' ↑ ''ketuwong''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).<br />
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'''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.<br />
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'''hol''' [hol] ''(Adj)'' few. ► "''hol'' = few" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''hol{{acc|pxay}}''' [hol.ˈpʼaj] ''(N)'' number. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''horen''' ↑ ''koren''.<br />
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'''{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(N)'' danger.<br />
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'''hu''' [hu] ''(Adp–)'' with ''(together with somebody, accompaniment).'' ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''oehu'' "with me" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''hu{{acc|fwe}}''' [hu.ˈfwɛ] ''(N)'' wind.<br />
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'''hum''' [hum] ''(V)'' leave, depart.<br />
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== I [i] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ik}}ran''' [ˈik.ɾan] ''(N)'' ikran, banshee ''(zool.).'' ► ''ikran'' "banshee" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''‹ilv›''' [il.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>PFV.SJV</small>>. ► "present perfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''‹imv›''' [im.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>PST.SJV </small>''(or)''<small> REC.SJV</small>>. ► "past subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|i}}o''' [ˈi.o] ''(Adp–)'' above.<br />
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'''i{{acc|o}}ang''' [i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' animal, beast.<br />
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'''i{{acc|ra}}yo''' [i.ˈɾa.jo] ''(N/Idiom)'' thank(s). ► ''Irayo nìmum'' [Thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
<br />
'''i{{acc|ra}}yo si''' [i.ˈɾa.jo si] ''(Vin + dative)'' to thank ''(someone)''. ► ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹irv›''' [iɾ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood <<small>IPFV.SJV </small>>. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
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'''-it''' [it] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -ti'' ]. ► ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}); ''oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹iv›''' [i.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate subjunctive mood <<small>SJV</small>>.<br />
# as optative <<small>OPT</small>> to indicate a wish or hope. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# as iussive <<small>JUS</small>> to indicate encouragement. ► ''spivaw oeti rutxe'' "please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# accompanying certain verbs, namely<br />
## ''new'' (want). ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''tsun'' (be able). ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
## ''zene'' (must). ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''‹iyev›''' [i.jɛ.v] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood <<small>FUT.SJV</small>'' (or)'' <small>IMM.SJV</small>> ''(alternative form: ‹ìyev›).'' ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
== Ì [ɪ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-ìl''' [ɪl] ''(M)'' ergative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-l'' ]. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ì}}lä''' [ˈɪ.læ] ''(or)'' '''ì{{acc|lä}}''' [ɪ.ˈlæ] ''(Adp+)'' by, via, following.<br />
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'''‹ìm›''' [ɪ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate recent past tense <<small>REC</small>>. ► ''tìmaron'' "just now hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''-ìri''' [ɪɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorph: ''-ri'' ]. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìrm›''' [ɪɾ.m] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect <<small>REC.IPFV</small>>. ► ''tìrmaron'' "was just now hunting" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìy›''' [ɪ.j] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate immediate future tense <<small>IMM</small>>. ► ''yomtìyìng'' "will feed" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul'' "the day that you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''‹ìyev›''' ↑ ''‹iyev›.''<br />
<br />
== K [k] ==<br />
<br />
'''ka''' [ka] ''(Adp–)'' across.<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|lin}}''' [ka.ˈlin] ''(Adj)'' sweet. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''kal{{acc|txì}}''' [kal.ˈtʼɪ] ''(Idiom)'' Hello! Greetings! ► ''Kaltxì!'' "Greetings! Hello!" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Kaltxì ngaru'' [I greet you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 15).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}me''' [ˈka.mɛ] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(spiritual sense)'', acknowledge. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
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'''kan''' [kan] ''(V)'' aim. ► "''kan'' is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|ngay}}''' [ka.ˈŋaj] ''(Adj)'' valid.<br />
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'''kar''' [kaɾ] ''(Vtr)'' teach.<br />
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'''{{acc|kar}}yu''' [ˈkaɾ.ju] ''(N)'' teacher. ► ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ka}}to''' [ˈka.to] ''(N)'' rhythm ''(acc.: katot).'' ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato'' "The rhythm of rain and sun" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
<br />
'''kawng''' [kawŋ] ''(Adj)'' bad, evil.<br />
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'''{{acc|kaw}}tu''' [ˈkaw.tu] ''(Pron)'' no one, nobody. ► ''ke lu kawtu'' "there's nobody" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
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'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.<br />
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'''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.<br />
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'''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun).'' <br />
<br />
'''ke{{acc|fya}}''' [kɛ.ˈfja] ''(Idiom)'' used to create a tag question, in the form ''kefya srak?'' like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; '''kefya srak?''' may be further shortened to '''kefyak?''' ► ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ke}}he''' [ˈkɛ.hɛ] ''(Adv)'' no.<br />
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'''{{acc|kel}}ku''' [ˈkɛl.ku] ''(N)'' home, house.<br />
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'''{{acc|kel}}ku si''' [ˈkɛl.ku si] ''(Vin)'' live, dwell.<br />
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'''{{acc|Kel}}utral''' [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] ''(NP)'' Hometree ''([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi)''. ► ''zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a'' "they're coming to destroy Hometree" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
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'''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [kɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem).''<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}nong''' [ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(V)'' model, represent, exemplify.<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}rusey''' [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] ''(Adj)'' dead. ► ''keruseya tute'' "dead (= non-living) person", ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}tuwong''' [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] ''(N)'' alien ''(short plural: hetuwong).'' ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ke}}wong''' [ˈkɛ.woŋ] ''(Adj)'' alien. ► ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.<br />
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'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.<br />
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'''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
# ''kifkey Eywa’evengä'' [ki.fkɛj ɛj.wa.Ɂɛ.vɛŋæ] ''(N)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''kin''' [kin] ''(V)'' need.<br />
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'''ki{{acc|nam}}''' [ki.ˈnam] ''(N)'' leg.<br />
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'''ki{{acc|nam}}til''' [ki.ˈnam.til] ''(N)'' knee.<br />
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'''{{acc|ki}}nä''' [ˈki.næ] ''(Num)'' seven. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''kip''' [kip] ''(Adp–)'' among. ► ''ayngakip'' "among you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
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'''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.<br />
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'''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.<br />
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'''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.<br />
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'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.<br />
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'''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.<br />
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'''kll{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.<br />
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'''kll·{{acc|ku}}lat''' [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] ''(V)'' dig up. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''kll{{acc|kxem}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] ''(V)'' stand.<br />
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'''kll{{acc|pxìl}}tu''' [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] ''(N)'' territory.<br />
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'''{{acc|kll}}te''' [kl̩ː.tɛ] ''(N)'' ground.<br />
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'''ko''' [ko] ''(Part)'' sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''ko{{acc|ren}}''' [ko.ˈɾɛn] ''(N)'' rule, guideline ''(short plural: horen).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "Rule is ''koren''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
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'''krr''' [kr̩ː] ''(N)'' time, ↑ ''a krr.''<br />
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'''krr{{acc|nekx}}''' [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] ''(V)'' take/consume time.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|krr}}pe''' [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] ''(Q)'' when ''(for questions only)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|kun}}sìp''' [ˈkun.sɪp] ''(N)'' gunship.<br />
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'''ku{{acc|rakx}}''' [ku.ˈɾakʼ] ''(V)'' drive out.<br />
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== KX [kʼ] ==<br />
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'''kxam''' [kʼam] ''(N)'' middle, midpoint.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}lä''' [ˈkʼam.læ] ''(Adp–)'' through (= via the middle of).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxam}}tseng''' [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' center, place in the middle.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxa}}nì''' [kʼanɪ] ''(Adj)'' forbidden. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxang}}angang''' [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] ''(Onom)'' boom.<br />
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'''kxawm''' [kʼawm] ''(Adv)'' perhaps, maybe. ► ''kxawm oe harmahängaw'' [maybe I fell asleep] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}ner''' [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] ''(N)'' ''smoke''.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}tse''' [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] ''(N)'' tail.<br />
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'''{{acc|kxe}}yey''' [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] ''(N)'' error, mistake. ► ''Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe'', "''kxeyey'' = mistake, error" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''kxu''' [kʼu] ''(N)'' harm. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
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== L [l] ==<br />
<br />
'''-l''' [l] ''(M)'' ergativ suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)''. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}he''' [ˈla.hε] ''(Adj)'' other. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''lam''' [lam] ''(Vin)'' seem, appear.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}po''' ''(Pron)'' another one ''(person or thing)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|la}}tem''' [ˈla.tεm] ''(V)'' change.<br />
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'''la{{acc|tsi}}''' [la.ˈʦi] ''(V)'' keep up with someone.<br />
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'''law''' [law] ''(Adj)'' clear, certain. ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [''lit.:'' it will be clear to you]" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]); ''Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar'' [I hope, my answer is clear to you] ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).<br />
<br />
'''la{{acc|yon}}''' [la.ˈjon] ''(Adj)'' black.<br />
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'''le-''' [lɛ] ''(M–)'' to turn a noun into an adjective. ► ''lefpom'' "happy" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker ''a'' is usually omitted, thus: ''ayftxozä lefpom'' = ''ayftxozä alefpom'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''le{{acc|fngap}}''' [lε.ˈfŋap] ''(Adj)'' metallic.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|fpom}}''' [lɛ.fpom] ''(Adj)'' happy. ► "''lefpom'' = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31); ''Ayftxozä Lefpom!'' "Happy Holidays!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|hrr}}ap''' [lε.ˈhr̩ː.ap] ''(Adj)'' dangerous. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''lek''' [lεk] ''(V)'' heed, obey.<br />
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'''len''' [lεn] ''(Vin)'' occur, happen.<br />
<br />
'''leNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''{{acc|ler}}tu''' [ˈlεɾ.tu] ''(N)'' colleague.<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|trr}}''' [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] ''(Adj)'' daily. ► "I like ''letrr'' for daily!", ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' [in may daily life] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''le{{acc|tsun}}slu''' [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] ''(Adj)'' possible. ► "''letsunslu'' = possible" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(V)'' cover.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).<br />
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'''lok''' [lok] ''(Adp–)'' close to.<br />
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'''lok''' [lok] ''(V)'' get close to, approach. ► ''fteke nìhawng livok'' "(careful) not to get too close."<br />
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'''lo{{acc|nu}}''' [lo.ˈnu] ''(Vtr)'' release, let go.<br />
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'''lor''' [loɾ] ''(Adj)'' beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► ''lor'' "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ ''sevin''] ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|lrr}}tok''' [ˈlr̩ː.tok] ''(N)'' smile.<br />
<br />
'''lu''' [lu] ''(Vin)'' be. ► "''Lu,'' (…) is 'to be'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 18).<br />
# be (am, are, is; ''the copula''). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
# to indicate existence (there is). ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip'' "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I well soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: ''Lu oeru ikran.''" ([[Canon#Dative_.2B_copula_possessive|Dative possessive]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lu}}ke''' [lukε] ''(Adp–)'' without. ► [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/luke-kxu-without-harm/].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|lum}}pe''' [ˈlum.pε] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: pelun).''<br />
<br />
'''lun''' [lun] ''(N)'' reason. ► related to ''talun(a)'' "because"; see also ''oeyk'' and ''taweyk(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
== M [m] ==<br />
<br />
'''ma''' [ma] ''(M–)'' vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan'' "I see you, my friends" ({{Corpus AMFPaul}}); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ''ma smukan sì smuke'' "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ''ma smukan sì ma smuke'') ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Multiple_Vocatives]); ''ma'' is always in front of all words included in the address: ''ma oeyä eylan'' "My friends!"; ''ma'' can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Vocative_with_Modifiers]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''maw''' [maw] ''(Adp–)'' after ''(time)''. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''ma{{acc|wey}}''' [ma.ˈwɛj] ''(Adj)'' calm.<br />
<br />
'''mawkrr''' [ma.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.<br />
<br />
'''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}fo''' [ˈmε.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= those two). ''(3rd person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''menga''' [mɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the two of you) ''(2st person dual).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''mengenga''' [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''menga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''me{{acc|u}}ia''' [mε.ˈu.i.a] ''(N)'' honor.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|me}}vol''' [ˈmε.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 20 ''(= decimal: 16).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''meyp''' [mεjp] ''(Adj)'' weak.<br />
<br />
'''mi''' [mi] ''(Adv)'' yet, still (= as before). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mik}}yun''' [ˈmik.jun] ''(N)'' ear.<br />
<br />
'''mip''' [mip] ''(Adj)'' new. ► ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
<br />
'''mì''' [mɪ] ''(Adp+)'' in, on ''(about place and time).'' ► ''mì sokx'' "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|kam}}''' [mɪ.ˈkam] ''(Adp–)'' between.<br />
<br />
'''mìn''' [mɪn] ''(V)'' turn.<br />
<br />
'''mì{{acc|so}}''' [mɪ.ˈso] ''(Adv)'' away ''(position)''.<br />
<br />
'''mll{{acc|te}}''' [ml̩ː.ˈtε] ''(V)'' agree.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mo}}e''' [ˈmo.ε] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''mohe''' [mo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the two of us) ''(1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''moe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe ngengasì'' [I and you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|mok}}ri''' [ˈmok.ɾi] ''(N)'' voice. ► ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''mrr''' [mr̩ː] ''(Num)'' five. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|mrr}}vol''' [ˈmr̩ː.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 50 ''(= decimal: 40).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.<br />
<br />
'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nε] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''mun{{acc|txa}}''' [mun.ˈtʼa] ''(Adj)'' mated.<br />
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'''{{acc|mu}}nge''' [ˈmu.ŋε] ''(Vtr)'' take, bring.<br />
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'''mung{{acc|wrr}}''' [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] ''(Adp–)'' except. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== N [n] ==<br />
<br />
'''na''' [na] ''(Adp–) like, as. ► ''aylì'u na ayskxe mì te'lan.'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|na’}}ring''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].<br />
<br />
'''nang''' [naŋ] ''(Part)'' particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri''' [ˈna.ɾi] ''(N)'' eye.<br />
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'''{{acc|na}}ri si''' [ˈna.ɾi si] ''(Vin)'' watch out, be careful.<br />
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'''nawm''' [nawm] ''(Adj)'' great, noble.<br />
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'''näk''' [næk] ''(Vtr)'' drink.<br />
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'''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).<br />
<br />
'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.<br />
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'''nekx''' [nɛkʼ] ''(Vtr)'' burn, consume.<br />
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'''{{acc|nem}}fa''' [ˈnεm.fa] ''(Adp–)'' into.<br />
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'''ne{{acc|to}}''' [nε.ˈto] ''(Adv)'' away ''(direction)''. ► ''neto rä’ä kivä!'' "don't go away!" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
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'''new''' [nɛw] ''(Vtr + subjunctive)'' want. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live." ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oel new kivä'' = ''Oel new futa kivä'' [I want to go], ''Oel new futa Taronyu kivä'' "I want Taronyu to go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''ni{{acc|ä}}''' [ni.ˈæ] ''(Vtr)'' grab.<br />
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'''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [<small>ADV</small>-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nìay{{acc|oeng}}''' [naj.ˈweŋ] ''(Adv)'' like us, as we do.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftu}}e''' [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' easily.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough ''(after an adjective).''<br />
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'''nìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [nɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adv)'' well. ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|mun}}''' [nɪ.ˈmun] ''(Adv)'' again. ► ''Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun'' [I thank you again] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 07).<br />
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'''nìn''' [nɪn] ''(Vtr)'' look at.<br />
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'''nìNa’vi''' ↑ ''Na’vi.''<br />
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'''nì{{acc|ngay}}''' [nɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(Adv)'' truly. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tam}}''' [nɪ.ˈtam] ''(Adv)'' enough.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|teng}}''' [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, likewise, as well. ► ''Nìaynga oe perey nìteng'' "Like you, I too am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|tut}}''' [nɪ.ˈtut] ''(Adv)'' continually.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|txan}}''' [nɪ.ˈtʼan] ''(Adv)'' very much. ► ''oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu'' "I want very much to guide you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan'' [I thank you very much] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|win}}''' [nɪ.ˈwin] ''(Adv)'' fast.<br />
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'''nì{{acc|wotx}}''' [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] ''(Adv)'' all (of), completely, in toto. ► ''Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx!'' "Happy Holidays to You All!" ({{Corpus OoOA}}); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''nì{{acc|zaw}}nong''' [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] ''(Adv)'' safely.<br />
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'''nong''' [noŋ] ''(V)'' follow, proceed after.<br />
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'''nul{{acc|krr}}''' [nul.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' longer ''(time)''.<br />
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'''nul·{{acc|new}}''' [nul.ˈnɛw] ''(V)'' prefer, would rather. ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|nu}}me''' [ˈnu.mɛ] ''(V)'' learn. ► ''nume'' "learn" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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== NG (= G) [ŋ] ==<br />
<br />
'''nga''' [ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singluar)''. ► ''hu nga'' (or) ''ngahu'' "with you", ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Eywa ngahu'' "Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).<br />
# '''ngal''' [ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' you. ► ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’'' [You have sent my message] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
# '''ngeyä''' [ŋɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' your. ► ''ngeyä fahew akewong'' "your alien smell" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''tawskìp ngeyä'' "your ship [= space ship]" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngaru''' [ŋa.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''ngar''' [ŋa.ɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to you. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''ngati''' [ŋa.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' you. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
# '''ngari''' [ŋa.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' you, as for you. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''ngawng''' [ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' worm ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''ngay''' [ŋaj] ''(Adj)'' true. ► ''oeyä txe’lan livu ngay'' "let my heart be true" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''nge{{acc|nga}}''' [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] ''(Pron)'' you ''(2nd person singular, honorific form);'' ↑ ''nga.'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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'''ngim''' [ŋim] ''(Adv)'' long ''(about space)''. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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'''ngop''' [ŋop] ''(V)'' create. ► "''ngop'' 'create'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
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== O [o] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|o}}e''' [ˈo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular)''. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
# '''oel''' [o.ɛl] ''(Ergative:)'' I. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
# '''oeyä''' [o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Genitive:)'' my. ► ''Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan …'' "My arrow … my spear … my heart." ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ma oeyä eylan'' "my friends" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeru''' [o.ɛ.ɾu] ''(or)'' '''oer''' [o.ɛɾ] ''(Dative:)'' to me. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu'' "it's a pleasure [to me]" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeru syaw fko …'' "My name is …" [''lit.:'' They call (to) me …] ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
# '''oeti''' [o.ɛ.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' me. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
# '''oeri''' [o.ɛ.ɾi] ''(Topic:)'' I, as for me. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''oeng''' [o.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we, you and I, the two of us ''(1st person dual inclusive)''. ► ''oeng ’awsiteng mivakto'' "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
# '''oengal''' [o.ɛ.ŋal] ''(Ergative:)'' we, the two of us. ► ''oeng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
# '''oengati''' [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] ''(or)'' '''oengat''' [o.ɛ.ŋat] ''(Accusative:)'' us, the two of us. ► ''oengat(i)'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''o{{acc|eyk}}''' [o.ˈɛjk] ''(N)'' cause. ► related to ''taweyk(a)'' "because"; see also ''lun'' and ''talun(a)'' ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''o{{acc|eyk}}tìng''' [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] ''(N)'' explain (why).<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}he''' [ˈo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' I ''(1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''oe''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect <<small>PFV</small>>. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [oloɁ] ''(N)'' clan.<br />
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'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.<br />
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'''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.<br />
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'''{{acc|o}}mum''' [ˈo.mum] ''(Vtr)'' know. ► ''omum oel futa …'' "I know that …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, {{Corpus AMFP}} gives it on the last.<br />
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'''{{acc|on}}tu''' [ˈon.tu] ''(N)'' nose. ► ''ontu'' "nose" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
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== P [p] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.).''<br />
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'''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}lu{{acc|lu}}kan''' [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] ''(N)'' thanator ''(zool.)''.<br />
<br />
'''pam''' [pam] ''(N)'' sound.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}}''' [pam.ˈɾεl] ''(N)'' writing.<br />
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'''pam{{acc|rel}} si''' [pam.ˈɾεl si] ''(V)'' write. ► ''Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu'' "I'm sorry for writing in English" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseo''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o] ''(N)'' music. ► "''pamtseo'' = music", "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pam}}tseotu''' [ˈpam.ʦε.o.tu] ''(N)'' musician. ► "''pamtseotu'' = musician" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pa}}te''' [ˈpa.tɛ] ''(V)'' get to a place, arrive.<br />
<br />
'''pawm''' [pawm] ''(V)'' ask.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}hem''' [ˈpæ.hɛm] ''(Vin)'' arrive. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}nutìng''' [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] ''(V)'' promise ''(a thing to someone).''<br />
<br />
'''päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(Vin)'' chat, converse, have a conversation. ► ''tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''pängkxo'' "chat, converse" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pä}}tsi''' [ˈpæ.ʦi] ''(N)'' badge.<br />
<br />
'''pe+''' [pε] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun).''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpε.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|fya}}''' [pε.ˈfja] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: fyape)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hem}}''' [pε.ˈhεm] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: kempe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pε.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pε.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).''<br />
<br />
'''peng''' [pɛŋ] ''(Vtr)'' tell, inform. ► ''ayngaru payeng'' "I will let you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). Takes ''futa'' for report clause, ''new oe mengaru piveng futa ...'' [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/verb-for-write/msg139677/#msg139677 forum post].<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|seng}}''' [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] ''(Q)'' where ''(alternative form: tsengpe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|su}}''' [pɛ.ˈsu] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: tupe)''.<br />
<br />
'''pe{{acc|u}}''' [pɛ.ˈu] ''(Pron)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: ’upe).'' ► "The other form [of ’upe] is ''peu'', stress on the second." ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''pey''' [pɛj] ''(V)'' wait, wait for. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe perey'' "I am waiting" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oe tsun pivey'' [I can wait] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''peyä''' [pɛjæ] ''(Pron)'' his/her ''(3st person singular)''. ► ''peyä'' "his" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''pi{{acc|ak}} si''' [pi.ˈak si] ''(Vin)'' open.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pi}}zayu''' [ˈpi.za.ju] ''(N)'' ancestor.<br />
<br />
'''pll{{acc|txe}}''' [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] ''(V)'' speak ''(imperfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).'' ► ''Plltxe nga nìltsan!'' "You speak well!" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Oe new pivlltxe'' (or:) ''Oel new futa pivlltxe'' [I want to speak] ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan …'' "Eytukan said …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''po''' [po] ''(Pron)'' he/she ''(3rd person singular).'' ► ''pohu'' "with [whom]" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
# '''poru''' [po.ɾu] ''(Dative:)'' to him/her. ► ''lu poru mesyal a ikran'' [an ikran, who has two wings ''(lit.: to whom are …)'' ] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18). <br />
# '''pot''' [pot] ''(Accusative:)'' him/her. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|an}}''' [po.ˈan] ''(Pron)'' he ''(3rd person singular masculine).<br />
<br />
'''po{{acc|e}}''' [po.ˈɛ] ''(Pron)'' she ''(3rd person singular feminine).<br />
<br />
'''pom''' [pom] ''(V)'' kiss.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|po}}ngu''' [ˈpo.ŋu] ''(N)'' group of people, party.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nen''' [ˈpr̩ː.nεn] ''(N)'' infant, baby. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nε.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [pr̩ː.tεɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}kap''' [ˈpu.kap] ''(Num)'' six. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pu}}vol''' [ˈpu.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 60 ''(= decimal: 48).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
== PX [pʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''pxan''' [pʼan] ''(Adj)'' worthy. ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sìk''' [ˈpʼa.sɪk] ''(Idiom)'' Screw that! No way! ''(vulgar).'' ► ''pxasik [sic!]'' "screw that!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''pxasìk'' "Screw it! No way!" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxa}}sul''' [ˈpʼa.sul] ''(Adj)'' fresh, appealing as food.<br />
<br />
'''pxaw''' [pʼaw] ''(Adp–)'' around.<br />
<br />
'''pxay''' [pʼaj] ''(Adj)'' many.<br />
<br />
'''pxe+''' [pʼɛ] ''(M+)'' trial marker. ► ''pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''pxesìpawm(ìri)'' [three questions] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxefo''' [pʼɛ.fo] ''(Pron)'' they (= the three of them) ''(3st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxel''' [pʼɛl] ''(Adp–)'' like, as.<br />
<br />
'''pxenga''' [pʼɛ.ŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxengenga''' [pʼɛŋɛŋa] ''(Pron)'' you (= the three of you) ''(2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxenga''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxe}}vol''' [ˈpʼɛ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 30 ''(= decimal: 24).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxey''' [pʼɛj] ''(Num)'' three. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''pxi''' [pʼi] ''(Adj)'' sharp.<br />
<br />
'''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''pxoe''' [pʼo.ɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxoeng''' [pʼo.ɛŋ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial inclusive).'' ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxohe''' [pʼo.hɛ] ''(Pron)'' we (= the three of us) ''(1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);'' ↑ ''pxoe''. ► The inclusive form is ''ohe mengengasì'' [I and (the two of) you] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
<br />
'''pxor''' [pʼoɾ] ''(Vin)'' explode.<br />
<br />
'''pxun''' [pʼun] ''(N)'' arm.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|pxun}}til''' [ˈpʼun.til] ''(N)'' elbow.<br />
<br />
== R [ɾ] ==<br />
<br />
'''-r''' [ɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ru, -ur'' ]. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron'' "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 17).<br />
<br />
'''ral''' [ɾal] ''(N)'' meaning.<br />
<br />
'''ral·{{acc|peng}}''' [ɾal.ˈpεŋ] ''(V)'' interpret.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ɾaw.kε] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.<br />
<br />
'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).<br />
<br />
'''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseo''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' visual art. ► "''reltseo'' = visual art" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|rel}}tseotu''' [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] ''(N)'' artist. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|re}}nu''' [ˈɾɛ.nu] ''(N)'' pattern.<br />
<br />
'''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''-ri''' [ɾi] ''(M)'' topic suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ìri'' ]. ► ''oeri'' "I-<small>TOP</small>" ({{Corpus LL}}), ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari'' "only if I am worthy of you" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''rikx''' [ɾikʼ] ''(Vin)'' move, shift position.<br />
<br />
'''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ro''' [ɾo] ''(Adp+)'' at ''(purely locative)''. ► As in ''ro fäpa'' "at the top", ''ro helku'' "at home" [http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/all-adpositions/forum post].<br />
<br />
'''rol''' [ɾol] ''(V)'' sing. ► ''rerol ayoe'' "we are singing" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''-ru''' [ɾu] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-r, -ur'' ]. ► ''layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn'' "I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''run''' [ɾun] ''(Vtr)'' find, discover. ► ''... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun'' "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes]).<br />
<br />
'''ru{{acc|txe}}''' [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] ''(Idiom)'' please. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
== S [s] ==<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [saɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.<br />
<br />
'''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.<br />
<br />
'''san''' [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using ''sìk''. ► ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said ''<<small>QUOTE.IN</small>>'' I will go ''<<small>QUOTE.OUT</small>>], but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''sar''' [saɾ] ''(Vtr)'' use. ► ''tsat sayar oel nìltsan'' "I will use it well" ([[Canon#Sar, Fìtxan|Sar, Fìtxan]]).<br />
<br />
'''sawtute''' ↑ ''tawtute''.<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|fpìl}}''' [sæ.ˈfpɪl] ''(N)'' idea, thought. ► ''txantsana aysäfpìl'' "excellent ideas" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|nu}}me''' [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] ''(N)'' teaching, instruction. ► ''sänume'' "teaching, instruction" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''sä{{acc|spxin}}''' [sæ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ ''tìspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pu''' [ˈsεm.pu] ''(N)'' daddy.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sem}}pul''' [ˈsεm.pul] ''(N)'' father.<br />
<br />
'''set''' [sɛt] ''(Adv)'' now. ► ''awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal'' "choose one [now]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
<br />
'''se{{acc|vin}}''' [sɛ.ˈvin] ''(Adj)'' pretty ''(used only for people, Na’vi or humans)''. ► ''sevin'' "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ ''lor'') ({{Corpus LL}}). <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sey}}ri''' [ˈsɛj.ɾi] ''(N)'' lip.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|se}}ze''' [ˈsɛ.zɛ] ''(N)'' blue flower ''(botan.)''<br />
<br />
'''si''' [si] ''(V)'' make, do ''(to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).'' ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I thank you", ''tìkangkem s(iv)i'' "work"; ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sim''' [sim] ''(Vin)'' near ''(= be near)''.<br />
<br />
'''sì | -sì''' [sɪ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(also enclitic: ''A Bsì = A sì B;'' not to connect sentences,'' ↑ ''ulte).'' ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä …'' "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''’eylan karyusì anygeyä'' "your friend and teacher" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìk''' [sɪk] ''(M–)'' to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ ''san.''<br />
<br />
'''sìl·{{acc|pey}}''' [sɪl.ˈpɛj] ''(V)'' hope. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|ron}}sem''' [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] ''(Adj)'' clever, smart ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''sìl{{acc|tsan}}''' [sɪl.ˈʦan] ''(Adj)'' good. ► ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''sìn''' [sɪn] ''(Adp–)'' on, onto (?).<br />
<br />
'''sìpawm''' ↑ ''tìpawm''. <br />
<br />
'''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''. <br />
<br />
'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''skxawng''' [skʼawŋ] ''(N)'' moron, idiot. ► ''skxawng'' "moron" ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''slä''' [slæ] ''(Conj)'' but. ► ''Slä nìawnomum'' "But as you know" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw'' "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''slu''' [slu] ''(V)'' become. ► "''slu'' = 'become'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''Oeyä ikran slivu nga'' "Be my ikran" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|snu}}mìna''' [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] ''(Adj)'' dim ''(of a person)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.<br />
<br />
'''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.<br />
<br />
'''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage. <br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sngel}}tseng''' [sŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' garbage dump. ► "''Sngeltseng'' means garbage dump." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''sokx''' ↑ ''tokx''.<br />
<br />
'''som''' [som] ''(Adj)'' hot.<br />
<br />
'''sop''' [sop] ''(Vin)'' travel.<br />
<br />
'''spaw''' [spaw] ''(Vtr + accusative of the person)'' believe. ► ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21). <br />
<br />
'''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.<br />
<br />
'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.<br />
<br />
'''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|spu}}le''' [ˈspu.lɛ] ''(Vtr)'' propel.<br />
<br />
'''spxin''' [spʼin] ''(Adj)'' sick. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''srak''' [sɾak] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|sra}}ke''' [ˈsɾa.kɛ] ''(M)'' to indicate a yes-no-question. ► ''Ngaru lu fpom srak?'' "Do you have a sense of well-being?" ({{Corpus VF}}); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
<br />
'''sran''' ↑ ''srane.''<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|sra}}ne''' [ˈsɾa.nɛ] ''(Idiom)'' yes. ► ''Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli.'' [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]); colloquial form: '''sran''' "yeah".<br />
<br />
'''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srekrr''' [sɾε.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.<br />
<br />
'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.<br />
<br />
'''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.<br />
<br />
'''srung''' [sɾuŋ] ''(N)'' help, assistance.<br />
<br />
'''srung si''' [sɾuŋ si] ''(Vin)'' help.<br />
<br />
'''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.<br />
<br />
'''stey{{acc|ki}}''' [stɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' anger, make (someone) angry.<br />
<br />
'''sti''' [sti] ''(Vin)'' angry (= be angry).<br />
<br />
'''sto''' [sto] ''(V)'' refuse (to do something).<br />
<br />
'''stum''' [stum] ''(Adv)'' almost.<br />
<br />
'''sung''' [suŋ] ''(Vtr)'' add.<br />
<br />
'''sute''' ↑ ''tute''.<br />
<br />
'''sutx''' [sutʼ] ''(Vtr)'' track, follow, lock up.<br />
<br />
'''swaw''' [swaw] ''(N)'' moment.<br />
<br />
'''swey''' [swɛj] ''(Adj)'' best ''(↔ ’e’al).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "'Best' is simply ''swey''" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 20).<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|rä}}''' [swi.ˈɾæ] ''(N)'' creature.<br />
<br />
'''swi{{acc|zaw}}''' [swi.ˈzaw] ''(N)'' arrow. ► ''Oeyä swizaw …'' "[Let] my arrow …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''swok''' [swok] ''(Adj)'' sacred.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|swo}}tu''' [ˈswo.tu] ''(N)'' sacred place. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
<br />
'''syal''' ↑ ''tsyal''.<br />
<br />
'''syaw''' [sjaw] ''(Vin)'' call, name. ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What is your name?" (''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?), ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri'' "My name is Neytiri", the subject ''fko'' may be omitted: ''Oeru syaw Tseyk'' "My name is Jake" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''syep''' [sjεp] ''(Vtr)'' trap.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|syu}}lang''' [ˈsju.laŋ] ''(N)'' flower. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
== T [t] ==<br />
<br />
'''-t''' [t] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-ti, -it'' ]. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). <br />
<br />
'''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|fral}}''' [ta.fɾal] ''(Adv)'' therefore, because of that. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|kip}}''' [ta.ˈkip] ''(Adp–)'' from among.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}kuk''' [ˈta.kuk] ''(Vtr)'' strike, hit one's target. ► ''Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tal}}i{{acc|o}}ang''' [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] sturmbeast ''(zool.).''<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|lun}}''' [ta.ˈlun] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|lun}}a''' [ta.ˈlun.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tam''' [tam] ''(Vin)'' suffice, "do"; ''(Idiom)'' All right! OK! ► Also used like English "ok" ([[Canon#Ok|Ok]]).<br />
<br />
'''tan{{acc|hì}}''' [tan.ˈhɪ] ''(N)'' star.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tang}}ek''' [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] ''(N)'' trunk ''(of a tree)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈta.ɾon] ''(Vtr)'' hunt. ► ''taron'' "hunt" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ta}}ronyu''' [ˈta.ɾon.ju] ''(N)'' hunter. <br />
<br />
'''taw''' [taw] ''(N)'' sky. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship'" ({{Corpus UGO}}); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''ta{{acc|weyk}}''' [ta.ˈwɛjk] ''(or)'' '''ta{{acc|weyk}}a''' [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] ''(Conj)'' because. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tawng''' [tawŋ] ''(Vin)'' dive, duck.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}sìp''' [ˈtaw.sɪp] ''(N)'' spaceship. ► "''Tawsìp'' is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." ({{Corpus UGO}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|taw}}tute''' [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] ''(N)'' human (''lit.:'' 'sky person'; ''short plural: sawtute''). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or ''tawtute'', while the plural (Sky People) is ''aysawtute'' or simply ''sawtute''" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}''' [tæ.ˈftʼu] ''(Vtr)'' weave. ► ''Katot täftxu oel'' "I weave the rhythm" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|ftxu}}yu''' [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] ''(N)'' weaver.<br />
<br />
'''tä{{acc|txaw}}''' [tæ.ˈtʼaw] ''(Vin)'' return. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).<br />
<br />
'''te''' [tε] ''(Part)'' a particle used in full names.<br />
<br />
'''te’lan''' ↑ ''txe’lan''.<br />
<br />
'''tel''' [tεl] ''(Vtr)'' receive. ► ''tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr'' "when I receive an answer" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|lem}}''' [tε.ˈlεm] ''(N)'' cord.<br />
<br />
'''tem''' [tεm] ''(Vin)'' shoot. ► See also '''toltem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|teng}}fya''' [ˈtεŋ.fja] ''(Conj)'' as ''(= same way as)''.<br />
<br />
'''teng{{acc|krr}}''' [tεŋ.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' while ''(= same time as)''.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ri}}''' [tε.ˈɾi] ''(Adp–)'' about, concerning. ► "''teri'' (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" ([[Canon#Vocabulary_and_.3Ciyev.3E|Vocabulary and <iyev>]]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|ter}}kup''' [ˈtεɾ.kup] ''(Vin)'' die.<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|swo}}tìng''' [tε.ˈswo.tɪŋ] ''(V)'' grant.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tew}}ti''' [ˈtɛw.ti] ''(Idiom)'' expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► ''Tewti, ma Prrton!'' "Wow, Prrton!" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}}''' [tɛ.ˈja] ''(Adj)'' full (''ta …'' – of …). ► ''Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu.'' "My nose is full of his smell" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''te{{acc|ya}} si''' [tɛ.ˈja si] ''(Vin + dative)'' fill, make full. ► ''[kato] oeru teya si'' "[the rhythm] fills me" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tey}}lu''' [ˈtɛj.lu] ''(N)'' beetle larva(e) ''(zool.; acc.: teylut).'' ► ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''-ti''' [ti] ''(M)'' accusative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorphs: ''-t, -it'' ]. ► ''Oel ngati kameie'' "I See you" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''Spivaw oeti rutxe'' "Please believe me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''til''' [til] ''(N)'' joint, hinge.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.<br />
<br />
'''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).<br />
<br />
'''tirea·päng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(V)'' commune ''(about intimate contact).'' ► ''ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo'' "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
<br />
'''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftang}}''' [[tɪ.ˈftaŋ] ''(N)'' stopping.<br />
<br />
'''tìfti{{acc|a}}''' [tɪ.fti.ˈa] ''(N)'' study. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ftxey}}''' [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] ''(N)'' choice. ► ''Lu ngeyä tìftxey'' [It's your choice] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
<br />
'''tìfyawìn{{acc|txu}}''' [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(N)'' guidance. ► ''tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx'' "you are all waiting for my guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|haw}}nu''' [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] ''(N)'' protection.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] ''(N)'' work. <br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kang}}kem si''' [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] ''(Vin)'' work. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kawng}}''' [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] ''(N)'' evil.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ke}}nong''' [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] ''(N)'' example.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|kin}}''' [tɪ.ˈkin] ''(N)'' need.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|law}}''' [tɪ.ˈlaw] ''(N)'' clarification (?). ► ''tìlaw ta Prrton'' "clarification (?) by Prrton" ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
<br />
'''tìng''' [tɪŋ] ''(V)'' give. ► ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "''tìng'' 'give'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|mik}}yun''' [tɪm ˈmik.jun] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng {{acc|na}}ri''' [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] ''(V)'' listen.<br />
# '''tìng tseng''' [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] ''(Vin)'' back down.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ngay}}''' [tɪ.ˈŋaj] ''(N)'' truth. ► ''oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk'' "Let the truth strike my heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|pawm}}''' [tɪ.ˈpawm] ''(N)'' question ''(short plural: sìpawm).'' ► ''Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo'' [I thank you for your questions] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 19).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rey}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] ''(N)'' life ''(short plural: sìrey).'' ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''mì oeyä letrra tìrey'' "in my daily life" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|spxin}}''' [tɪ.ˈspʼin] ''(N)'' sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ ''säspxin''). ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} sey{{acc|ki}}''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] ''(Vtr)'' hurt (someone or something).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful. <br />
<br />
'''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|ta}}ron''' [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' (the) hunting. ► ''Tìtaron lu lehrrap'' "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
<br />
'''tì{{acc|yawn}}''' [tɪ.ˈjawn] ''(N)'' love. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
<br />
'''to''' [to] ''(M–)'' comparative marker: than. ► ''po to oe lu sìltsan'' "she is better than I" ([[Canon#Adjective_Comparatives|Adjective Comparatives]]).<br />
<br />
'''tok''' [tok] ''(Vtr)'' be at, occupy a space.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tok}}tor''' [ˈtok.toɾ] ''(N)'' doctor.<br />
<br />
'''tokx''' [tokʼ] ''(N)'' body ''(short plural: sokx)''. ► ''tokx'' "body", ''sokx'' "bodies" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tol{{acc|tem}}''' [tol.ˈtɛm] ''(Vtr)'' shoot. ► See also '''tem'''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tom}}pa''' [ˈtom.pa] ''(N)'' rain. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|to}}ruk''' [ˈto.ɾuk] ''(N)'' great leonopteryx ''(zool.).''<br />
# '''{{acc|To}}ruk {{acc|mak}}to''' [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] ''(NP)'' Rider of the last shadow ''(legendary hero of the Na’vi).'' ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Toruk_Makto]).<br />
<br />
'''trr''' [tr̩ː] ''(N)'' day. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''oe tsun pivey trrit a …'' [I can wait for the day, that …] ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
<br />
'''-tu''' [tu] ''(M)'' ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also ''-yu''. ► "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''tuk{{acc|ru}}''' [tuk.ˈɾu] ''(N)'' spear. ► ''oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk'' "let my spear strike the heart" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}pe''' [ˈtu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' who ''(alternative form: pesu).''<br />
<br />
'''tut''' [tut] ''(Part)'' particle of continuation. ► ''Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut?'' "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tu}}te''' [ˈtu.tɛ] ''(N)'' person ''(short plural: sute).'' ► ''<u>tu</u>te'' "person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|tan}}''' [tu.ˈtan] ''(N)'' male person.<br />
<br />
'''tu{{acc|te}}''' [tu.ˈtɛ] ''(N)'' female person. ► ''tu<u>te</u>'' "female person" ({{Corpus LL}}).<br />
<br />
== TX [tʼ] ==<br />
<br />
'''txan''' [tʼan] ''(Adj)'' great ''(in quantity),'' much.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tsan''' [ˈtʼan.ʦan] ''(Adj)'' excellent. ► "''txantsan'' = excellent" ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]); ''Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga!'' [You are an excellent artist!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txan}}tslusam''' [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] ''(Adj)'' wise, much-knowing. ► ''lu nga txantslusam'' "you are wise" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).<br />
<br />
'''txen''' [tʼɛn] ''(Adj)'' awake.<br />
<br />
'''txep''' [tʼɛp] ''(N)'' fire.<br />
<br />
'''txey''' [tʼɛj] ''(V)'' halt.<br />
<br />
'''txìm''' [tʼɪm] ''(N)'' butt, ass, rear end.<br />
<br />
'''txìng''' [tʼɪŋ] ''(V)'' leave, abandon.<br />
<br />
'''txo''' [tʼo] ''(Conj)'' if (''… tsakrr'' – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}a''' [ˈtʼo.a] ''(N)'' forgiveness.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}kefyaw''' [ˈtʼo.kε.fjaw] ''(Conj)'' if not, or else, otherwise.<br />
<br />
'''txon''' [tʼon] ''(N)'' night. ► ''[kato] trrä sì txonä'' "[the rhythm] of night and day [''lit.:'' day and night]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Txon lefpom (livu ngar)'' "(It may be to you a) good night" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 31).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txo}}pu''' [ˈtʼo.pu] ''(N)'' fear.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|txu}}la''' [ˈtʼu.la] ''(V)'' build, construct. ► "''txula'' (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" ([[Canon#Auxilary_verb_SI|Auxilary verb SI]]).<br />
<br />
'''txum''' [tʼum] ''(N)'' poison.<br />
<br />
'''txur''' [tʼuɾ] ''(Adj)'' strong. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
<br />
== TS (= C) [ʦ] ==<br />
<br />
'''tsa''' [ʦa] ''(Pron)'' it ''(inanimate).'' ► "For inanimate ''it'' you shouldn't use ''po'' but rather ''tsa''; ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a tsane po karmä.'' "I didn't see (the place), that she was going to" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' that ''(thing)''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|Tsa}}hìk''' [ˈʦa.hɪk] ''(NP)'' Tsahik, matriarch.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|tsa}}kem''' [ˈʦa.kɛm] ''(or)'' '''tsa{{acc|kem}}''' [ʦa.ˈkɛm] ''(Pron)'' that ''(action);'' ''(plural: tsahem)''. ► ''tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru'' "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" ({{Corpus GMA}}).<br />
<br />
'''tsa{{acc|krr}}''' [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] ''(N)'' that time; ''(Adv)'' at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► ''pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr …'' "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will then decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}). About ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).<br />
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'''tsam''' [ʦam] ''(N)'' war.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsam}}pongu''' [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] ''(N)'' war party.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.<br />
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'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.<br />
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'''tsa{{acc|tseng}}''' [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}tseng''' [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' there, that place.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsaw}}ke''' [ˈʦaw.kɛ] ''(N)'' sun. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).<br />
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'''tsawl''' [ʦawl] ''(Adj)'' big ''(in size or stature)''; tall.<br />
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'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.<br />
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'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense).'' ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
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'''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ʦɛŋɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).<br />
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'''{{acc|tseng}}pe''' [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] ''(Q)'' where? ''(alternative form: peseng)''.<br />
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'''{{acc|tse}}o''' [ˈʦɛ.o] ''(N)'' art. ► "''tseo'' = art"; "''reltseotu'' = artist" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).<br />
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'''tsìng''' [ʦɪŋ] ''(Num)'' four. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsì}}vol''' [ˈʦɪ.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 40 ''(= decimal: 32).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''tsko''' [ʦko] ''(N)'' bow ''(weapon)''.<br />
# '''tsko swi{{acc|zaw}}''' bow and arrow.<br />
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'''tskxe''' [ʦkʼɛ] ''(N)'' rock, stone. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|tskxe}}keng''' [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] ''(N)'' training, exercise.<br />
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'''tslam''' [ʦlam] ''(Vtr)'' understand. ► ''Tslolam srak?'' "Did you get it?" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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'''tsleng''' [ʦlɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' false.<br />
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'''tsmuk''' [ʦmuk] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsmuk}}tu''' [ˈʦmuk.tu] ''(N)'' sibling.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsmu}}kan''' [ˈʦmu.kan] brother.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsmu}}ke''' [ˈʦmu.kɛ] sister.<br />
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'''tsnì''' [ʦnɪ] ''(Conj)'' that ''(introducing clauses after certain verbs).''<br />
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'''{{acc|tsngaw}}vìk''' [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] ''(Vin)'' cry, weep.<br />
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'''tspang''' [ʦpaŋ] ''(Vtr)'' kill.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsran}}ten''' [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] ''(Vin)'' matter, be of import(ance).<br />
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'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.<br />
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'''tstu si''' [ʦtu si] ''(Vin)'' close.<br />
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'''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).<br />
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'''tsun''' [ʦun] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' be able, can. ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng'' "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe tsun kivä'' "I can go" ({{Corpus CwT}}).<br />
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'''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.<br />
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'''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.<br />
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'''tsyal''' [ʦjal] ''(N)'' wing. ► ''mesyalhu a ikran'' "an ikran with two wings" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#More_extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 18).<br />
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== U [u] ==<br />
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'''{{acc|ul}}te''' [ˈul.tɛ] ''(Conj)'' and ''(to connect sentences; in contrast to'' ↑ ''sì)'' ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo'' "I see you, my friends, and I tha<br />
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'''ul{{acc|txa}}''' [ul.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' meeting.<br />
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'''{{acc|u}}nil''' [ˈu.nil] ''(N)'' dream.<br />
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'''{{acc|U}}nil{{acc|ta}}ron''' [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] ''(N)'' Dream Hunt ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''uniltì{{acc|ran}}tokx''' [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] ''(N)'' avatar ''(lit.: dreamwalker body).'' ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''Uniltì{{acc|ran}}yu''' [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] ''(N)'' dreamwalker.<br />
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'''{{acc|u}}o''' [ˈu.o] ''(Adp–)'' behind.<br />
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'''‹us›''' [u.s] ''(Inf pre-1)'' turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using ''a- | -a''. ► ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ut}}ral''' [ˈut.ɾal] ''(N)'' tree. <br />
# '''{{acc|Ut}}ral Ay{{acc|mok}}riyä'' [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] ''(N)'' Tree of Voices. ► ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''-ur''' [uɾ] ''(M)'' dative suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a consonant)'' [allomorphs: ''-ur, -r'' ]. ► ''Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''u{{acc|van}}''' [u.ˈvan] ''(N)'' game. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''u{{acc|van}} si''' [u.ˈvan si] ''(Vin)'' play. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''‹uy›''' [u.j] ''(Inf 2)'' to indicate formal speech <<small>FORM</small>>. ► ''tayaruyon'' "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity]).<br />
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== V [v] ==<br />
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'''vay''' [vaj] ''(Adp–)'' up to ''(several senses).'' ► ''vay set'' "up to now" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
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'''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).<br />
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'''vi{{acc|rä}}''' [vi.ˈɾæ] ''(V)'' spread, proliferate.<br />
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'''vo{{acc|fu}}''' [vo.ˈfu] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 16 ''(= decimal: 14).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vo{{acc|hin}}''' [vo.ˈhin] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 17 ''(= decimal: 15).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vol''' [vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10 ''(= decimal: 8).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vol+''' [vol] ''(or)'' '''vo+''' [vo] ''(M+)'' morpheme in numerals: before ''zam'' meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► ''volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng …'' [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], ''vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, …'' [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vol{{acc|aw}}''' [vol.ˈaw] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 11 ''(= decimal: 9).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vo{{acc|mun}}''' [vo.ˈmun] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 12 ''(= decimal: 10).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''vozam''' [vo.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 1000 ''(= decimal: 512).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|vrr}}tep''' [ˈvr̩ː.tεp] ''(N)'' demon. ► ''Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì'' "These demons are forbidden here" ({{Corpus TO}}).<br />
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'''vul''' [vul] ''(N)'' branch ''(of a tree).''<br />
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== W [w] ==<br />
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'''way''' [waj] ''(N)'' song. <br />
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'''{{acc|way}}telem''' [ˈwaj.tε.lεm] ''(N)'' songcord. <br />
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'''wä''' [wæ] ''(Adp+)'' against ''(as in: fight against)''.<br />
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'''weyn''' [wɛjn] ''(V)'' draw, illustrate.<br />
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'''win''' [win] ''(Adj)'' fast. ► ''Lu nga win sì txur'' "You are fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).<br />
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'''wìn{{acc|txu}}''' [wɪn.ˈtʼu] ''(V)'' show.<br />
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'''{{acc|wrr}}pa''' [wr̩ː.pa] ''(N)'' outside; ''(Adv)'' outside.<br />
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'''{{acc|wu}}tso''' [ˈwu.ʦo] ''(N)'' dinner, served meal.<br />
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== Y [j] ==<br />
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'''ya''' [ja] ''(N)'' air. ► ({{Canon MND}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|yaw}}ne''' [ˈjaw.nɛ] ''(Adj)'' beloved. ► "''yawne'' means 'beloved'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20); ''Nga yawne lu oer'' "I love you" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).<br />
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'''-yä''' [jæ] ''(M)'' genitive suffix ''(in case of the word ending on a vowel)'' [allomorph: ''-ä'' ]. ► ''Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato …'' "The rhythm of rain and sun …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Utral Aymokriyä'' "Tree of Voices" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''{{acc|ye}}rik''' [ˈjɛ.ɾik] ''(N)'' yerik, hexapede ''(zool.)'' [''Sexcruscervus caeruleus'' (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede ''(yerik)'', you would say ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).<br />
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'''yey''' [jεj] ''(Adj)'' straight.<br />
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'''yìm''' [jɪm] ''(Vtr)'' bind.<br />
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'''yol''' [jol] ''(Adj)'' short ''(time)''.<br />
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'''yom''' [jom] ''(Vtr)'' eat. ► "''yom'' 'eat'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31); ''Oe new yivom teylut'' "I want to eat teylu" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).<br />
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'''{{acc|yom}}·tìng''' [ˈjom.tɪŋ] ''(Vin + dative)'' feed. ► ''[ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); "''yomtìng,'' a compound: ''yom'' 'eat' + ''tìng'' 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''-yu''' [ju] ''(M)'' ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also ''-tu''. ► ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]); ''taronyu'' [hunter].<br />
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'''yur''' [juɾ] ''(V)'' wash. ► ''oe yäpur'' "I wash myself" ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).<br />
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== Z [z] ==<br />
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'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.<br />
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'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}). <br />
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'''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''za{{acc|mu}}nge''' [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] ''(Vtr)'' bring. ► ''fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar'' "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar …'' "I will decide the best way to bring you …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).<br />
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'''zazam''' [za.zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 10,000 ''(= decimal: 4096).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).<br />
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'''zawng''' [zawŋ] ''(Vin)'' scream.<br />
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'''{{acc|zek}}wä''' [ˈzɛk.wæ] ''(N)'' finger. ► ([[Canon#Some Conjunctions and Adverbs|Some Conjunctions and Adverbs]]).<br />
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'''{{acc|ze}}ne''' [ˈzɛ.nɛ] ''(Vin + subjunctive)'' must. ► ''livu win sì txur oe zene'' "I must be fast and strong" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in ''nga ke zene kivä'' "you don't have to go" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]); see also ''zenke''.<br />
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'''{{acc|zen}}ke''' [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] ''(Vin)'' must not. ► ''nga zenke kivä!'' "you must not go!" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]). Note anomalous spelling. See also ''zene''.<br />
<br />
'''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).<br />
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'''zong''' [zoŋ] ''(V)'' save, defend.<br />
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'''{{acc|zong}}tseng''' [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] ''(N)'' safe place, refuge.<br />
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'''zop{{acc|lo}}''' [zop.ˈlo] ''(N)'' offense, insult.<br />
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'''zup''' [zup] ''(Vin)'' fall.<br />
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'''zu{{acc|saw}}krr''' [zu.saw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' future time, future; ''(Adv)'' in the future. ► ''aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng'' "the others (I) will answer in the future" ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).</div>Na'rìghawnu