Difference between revisions of "Gloss"
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Revision as of 08:43, 23 December 2009
A gloss (or interlinear gloss) is a style of showing the intermediate steps of translating a sentence or phrase, in order to more clearly show how the meaning is determined. Typically it consists of the following steps:
- The original text in the source language (in this case, Na'vi).
- (optional) The original text, annotated to show the location of affixes, infixes, inflections, etc.
- A literal, word-by-word translation annotated to show the meaning of each word, parts of speech, etc.
- A natural, idiomatic translation in the target language (here, English).
Example
Oeri ta peyä fahew akewong ontu teya längu. oe-ri ta peyä fahew a-kewong ontu teya l<äng>u 1-TOP from 3.POSS smell ADJ-alien nose full be<PEJ> My nose is full of his alien smell.
Common abbreviations
Abbreviation | Meaning |
---|---|
1 | first person |
2 | second person |
3 | third person |
A | agent-like argument of canonical transitive verb |
ABL | ablative |
ABS | absolutive |
ACC | accusative |
ADJ | adjective |
ADV | adverb(ial) |
AGR | agreement |
ALL | allative |
ANTIP | antipassive |
APPL | applicative |
ART | article |
AUX | auxiliary |
BEN | benefactive |
CAUS | causative |
CLF | classifier |
COM | comitative |
COMP | complementizer |
COMPL | completive |
COND | conditional |
COP | copula |
CVB | converb |
DAT | dative |
DECL | declarative |
DEF | definite |
DEM | demonstrative |
DET | determiner |
DIST | distal |
DISTR | distributive |
DU | dual |
DUR | durative |
ERG | ergative |
EXCL | exclusive |
F | feminine |
FOC | focus |
FUT | future |
GEN | genitive |
IMP | imperative |
INCL | inclusive |
IND | indicative |
INDF | indefinite |
INF | infinitive |
INS | instrumental |
INTR | intransitive |
IPFV | imperfective |
IRR | irrealis |
LAUD | laudative |
LOC | locative |
M | masculine |
N | neuter |
N- | non- (e.g. NSG nonsingular, NPST nonpast) |
NEG | negation, negative |
NMLZ | nominalizer/nominalization |
NOM | nominative |
OBJ | object |
OBL | oblique |
P | patient-like argument of canonical transitive verb |
PASS | passive |
PEJ | pejorative |
PFV | perfective |
PL | plural |
POSS | possessive |
PRED | predicative |
PRF | perfect |
PRS | present |
PROG | progressive |
PROH | prohibitive |
PROX | proximal/proximate |
PST | past |
PTCP | participle |
PURP | purposive |
Q | question particle/marker |
QUOT | quotative |
RECP | reciprocal |
REFL | reflexive |
REL | relative |
RES | resultative |
S | single argument of canonical intransitive verb |
SBJ | subject |
SBJV | subjunctive |
SG | singular |
TOP | topic |
TR | transitive |
VOC | vocative |