Difference between revisions of "Gloss"
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(Created page with 'A '''gloss''' (or '''interlinear gloss''') is a style of showing the intermediate steps of translating a sentence or phrase, in order to more clearly show how the meaning is dete…') |
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− | | colspan= | | + | | colspan= | '''' |
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| 1-<small>TOP</small> | | 1-<small>TOP</small> | ||
| from | | from | ||
− | | 3.<small> | + | | 3.<small>POS</small> |
| smell | | smell | ||
| <small>ADJ</small>-alien | | <small>ADJ</small>-alien | ||
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| 3 | | 3 | ||
| third person | | third person | ||
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| <small>ABS</small> | | <small>ABS</small> | ||
− | | absolutive | + | | absolutive (in the case of Na'vi, equivalent to <small>NTR</small>) |
|- | |- | ||
| <small>ACC</small> | | <small>ACC</small> | ||
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| adverb(ial) | | adverb(ial) | ||
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− | | <small> | + | | <small>APB, APROB</small> |
− | | | + | | approbative |
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| <small>AUX</small> | | <small>AUX</small> | ||
| auxiliary | | auxiliary | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>CAUS</small> | | <small>CAUS</small> | ||
| causative | | causative | ||
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| <small>COP</small> | | <small>COP</small> | ||
| copula | | copula | ||
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| <small>DAT</small> | | <small>DAT</small> | ||
| dative | | dative | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>DEM</small> | | <small>DEM</small> | ||
| demonstrative | | demonstrative | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>DIST</small> | | <small>DIST</small> | ||
| distal | | distal | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>DU</small> | | <small>DU</small> | ||
| dual | | dual | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>ERG</small> | | <small>ERG</small> | ||
| ergative | | ergative | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <small>EXCL</small> | + | | <small>EX, EXCL</small> |
| exclusive | | exclusive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <small>F</small> | | <small>F</small> | ||
| feminine | | feminine | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>FUT</small> | | <small>FUT</small> | ||
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| imperative | | imperative | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <small>INCL</small> | + | | <small>IMPV</small> |
+ | | imperfective. = <small>IPFV</small> (this abbrev. may be confused w ''imperative'') | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <small>IN, INCL</small> | ||
| inclusive | | inclusive | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>INTR</small> | | <small>INTR</small> | ||
− | | intransitive | + | | intransitive. = <small>NTR</small> |
|- | |- | ||
| <small>IPFV</small> | | <small>IPFV</small> | ||
| imperfective | | imperfective | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>LAUD</small> | | <small>LAUD</small> | ||
− | | laudative | + | | laudative. In Na'vi, more accurately <small>APROB</small> |
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>M</small> | | <small>M</small> | ||
| masculine | | masculine | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| <small>NEG</small> | | <small>NEG</small> | ||
| negation, negative | | negation, negative | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <small> | + | | <small>NMZ</small> |
| nominalizer/nominalization | | nominalizer/nominalization | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | <small> | + | | <small>NTR, INTR</small> |
− | | | + | | intransitive. |
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− | | <small> | + | | <small>PAS</small> |
| passive | | passive | ||
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| plural | | plural | ||
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− | | <small> | + | | <small>POS</small> |
| possessive | | possessive | ||
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− | + | | <small>PRS, PRES</small> | |
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− | | <small>PRS</small> | ||
| present | | present | ||
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| <small>PROH</small> | | <small>PROH</small> | ||
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| <small>PTCP</small> | | <small>PTCP</small> | ||
| participle | | participle | ||
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| <small>Q</small> | | <small>Q</small> | ||
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| reflexive | | reflexive | ||
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− | | <small> | + | | <small>SJV</small> |
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| subjunctive | | subjunctive | ||
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| <small>TOP</small> | | <small>TOP</small> | ||
− | | topic | + | | topic, topical case |
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| <small>VOC</small> | | <small>VOC</small> |
Latest revision as of 02:06, 30 January 2010
A gloss (or interlinear gloss) is a style of showing the intermediate steps of translating a sentence or phrase, in order to more clearly show how the meaning is determined. Typically it consists of the following steps:
- The original text in the source language (in this case, Na'vi).
- (optional) The original text, annotated to show the location of affixes, infixes, inflections, etc.
- A literal, word-by-word translation annotated to show the meaning of each word, parts of speech, etc.
- A natural, idiomatic translation in the target language (here, English).
Example
Oeri ta peyä fahew akewong ontu teya längu. oe-ri ta peyä fahew a-kewong ontu teya l<äng>u 1-TOP from 3.POS smell ADJ-alien nose full be<PEJ> My nose is full of his alien smell.
Common abbreviations
Abbreviation | Meaning |
---|---|
1 | first person |
2 | second person |
3 | third person |
ABS | absolutive (in the case of Na'vi, equivalent to NTR) |
ACC | accusative |
ADJ | adjective |
ADV | adverb(ial) |
APB, APROB | approbative |
AUX | auxiliary |
CAUS | causative |
COP | copula |
DAT | dative |
DEM | demonstrative |
DIST | distal |
DU | dual |
ERG | ergative |
EX, EXCL | exclusive |
F | feminine |
FUT | future |
GEN | genitive |
IMP | imperative |
IMPV | imperfective. = IPFV (this abbrev. may be confused w imperative) |
IN, INCL | inclusive |
INTR | intransitive. = NTR |
IPFV | imperfective |
LAUD | laudative. In Na'vi, more accurately APROB |
M | masculine |
NEG | negation, negative |
NMZ | nominalizer/nominalization |
NTR, INTR | intransitive. |
PAS | passive |
PEJ | pejorative |
PFV | perfective |
PL | plural |
POS | possessive |
PRS, PRES | present |
PROH | prohibitive |
PROX | proximal/proximate |
PST | past |
PTCP | participle |
Q | question particle/marker |
QUOT | quotative |
RECP | reciprocal |
REFL | reflexive |
SJV | subjunctive |
SG | singular |
TOP | topic, topical case |
VOC | vocative |