Difference between revisions of "Gloss"

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| 1-<small>TOP</small>
 
| 1-<small>TOP</small>
 
| from
 
| from
−
| 3.<small>POSS</small>
+
| 3.<small>POS</small>
 
| smell
 
| smell
 
| <small>ADJ</small>-alien
 
| <small>ADJ</small>-alien
Line 70: Line 70:
 
| 3
 
| 3
 
| third person
 
| third person
−
|-
 
−
| <small>A</small>
 
−
| agent-like argument of canonical transitive verb
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>ABL</small>
 
−
| ablative
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>ABS</small>
 
| <small>ABS</small>
−
| absolutive
+
| absolutive (in the case of Na'vi, equivalent to <small>NTR</small>)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>ACC</small>
 
| <small>ACC</small>
Line 89: Line 83:
 
| adverb(ial)
 
| adverb(ial)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <small>AGR</small>
+
| <small>APB, APROB</small>
−
| agreement
+
| approbative
−
|-
 
−
| <small>ALL</small>
 
−
| allative
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>ANTIP</small>
 
−
| antipassive
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>APPL</small>
 
−
| applicative
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>ART</small>
 
−
| article
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>AUX</small>
 
| <small>AUX</small>
 
| auxiliary
 
| auxiliary
−
|-
 
−
| <small>BEN</small>
 
−
| benefactive
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>CAUS</small>
 
| <small>CAUS</small>
 
| causative
 
| causative
−
|-
 
−
| <small>CLF</small>
 
−
| classifier
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>COM</small>
 
−
| comitative
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>COMP</small>
 
−
| complementizer
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>COMPL</small>
 
−
| completive
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>COND</small>
 
−
| conditional
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>COP</small>
 
| <small>COP</small>
 
| copula
 
| copula
−
|-
 
−
| <small>CVB</small>
 
−
| converb
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>DAT</small>
 
| <small>DAT</small>
 
| dative
 
| dative
−
|-
 
−
| <small>DECL</small>
 
−
| declarative
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>DEF</small>
 
−
| definite
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>DEM</small>
 
| <small>DEM</small>
 
| demonstrative
 
| demonstrative
−
|-
 
−
| <small>DET</small>
 
−
| determiner
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>DIST</small>
 
| <small>DIST</small>
 
| distal
 
| distal
−
|-
 
−
| <small>DISTR</small>
 
−
| distributive
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>DU</small>
 
| <small>DU</small>
 
| dual
 
| dual
−
|-
 
−
| <small>DUR</small>
 
−
| durative
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>ERG</small>
 
| <small>ERG</small>
 
| ergative
 
| ergative
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <small>EXCL</small>
+
| <small>EX, EXCL</small>
 
| exclusive
 
| exclusive
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>F</small>
 
| <small>F</small>
 
| feminine
 
| feminine
−
|-
 
−
| <small>FOC</small>
 
−
| focus
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>FUT</small>
 
| <small>FUT</small>
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| imperative
 
| imperative
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <small>INCL</small>
+
| <small>IMPV</small>
 +
| imperfective. = <small>IPFV</small> (this abbrev. may be confused w ''imperative'')
 +
|-
 +
| <small>IN, INCL</small>
 
| inclusive
 
| inclusive
−
|-
 
−
| <small>IND</small>
 
−
| indicative
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>INDF</small>
 
−
| indefinite
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>INF</small>
 
−
| infinitive
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>INS</small>
 
−
| instrumental
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>INTR</small>
 
| <small>INTR</small>
−
| intransitive
+
| intransitive. = <small>NTR</small>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>IPFV</small>
 
| <small>IPFV</small>
 
| imperfective
 
| imperfective
−
|-
 
−
| <small>IRR</small>
 
−
| irrealis
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>LAUD</small>
 
| <small>LAUD</small>
−
| laudative
+
| laudative. In Na'vi, more accurately <small>APROB</small>
−
|-
 
−
| <small>LOC</small>
 
−
| locative
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>M</small>
 
| <small>M</small>
 
| masculine
 
| masculine
−
|-
 
−
| <small>N</small>
 
−
| neuter
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>N-</small>
 
−
| non- (e.g. <small>NSG</small> nonsingular, <small>NPST</small> nonpast)
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>NEG</small>
 
| <small>NEG</small>
 
| negation, negative
 
| negation, negative
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <small>NMLZ</small>
+
| <small>NMZ</small>
 
| nominalizer/nominalization
 
| nominalizer/nominalization
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <small>NOM</small>
+
| <small>NTR, INTR</small>
−
| nominative
+
| intransitive.
−
|-
 
−
| <small>OBJ</small>
 
−
| object
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>OBL</small>
 
−
| oblique
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>P</small>
 
−
| patient-like argument of canonical transitive verb
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <small>PASS</small>
+
| <small>PAS</small>
 
| passive
 
| passive
 
|-
 
|-
Line 251: Line 164:
 
| plural
 
| plural
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <small>POSS</small>
+
| <small>POS</small>
 
| possessive
 
| possessive
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <small>PRED</small>
+
| <small>PRS, PRES</small>
−
| predicative
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>PRF</small>
 
−
| perfect
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>PRS</small>
 
 
| present
 
| present
−
|-
 
−
| <small>PROG</small>
 
−
| progressive
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>PROH</small>
 
| <small>PROH</small>
Line 277: Line 181:
 
| <small>PTCP</small>
 
| <small>PTCP</small>
 
| participle
 
| participle
−
|-
 
−
| <small>PURP</small>
 
−
| purposive
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>Q</small>
 
| <small>Q</small>
Line 293: Line 194:
 
| reflexive
 
| reflexive
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <small>REL</small>
+
| <small>SJV</small>
−
| relative
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>RES</small>
 
−
| resultative
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>S</small>
 
−
| single argument of canonical intransitive verb
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>SBJ</small>
 
−
| subject
 
−
|-
 
−
| <small>SBJV</small>
 
 
| subjunctive
 
| subjunctive
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| <small>TOP</small>
 
| <small>TOP</small>
−
| topic
+
| topic, topical case
−
|-
 
−
| <small>TR</small>
 
−
| transitive
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <small>VOC</small>
 
| <small>VOC</small>

Latest revision as of 02:06, 30 January 2010

A gloss (or interlinear gloss) is a style of showing the intermediate steps of translating a sentence or phrase, in order to more clearly show how the meaning is determined. Typically it consists of the following steps:

  1. The original text in the source language (in this case, Na'vi).
  2. (optional) The original text, annotated to show the location of affixes, infixes, inflections, etc.
  3. A literal, word-by-word translation annotated to show the meaning of each word, parts of speech, etc.
  4. A natural, idiomatic translation in the target language (here, English).

Example

Oeri ta peyä fahew akewong ontu teya längu.
oe-ri ta peyä fahew a-kewong ontu teya l<äng>u
1-TOP from 3.POS smell ADJ-alien nose full be<PEJ>
My nose is full of his alien smell.

Common abbreviations

Abbreviation Meaning
1 first person
2 second person
3 third person
ABS absolutive (in the case of Na'vi, equivalent to NTR)
ACC accusative
ADJ adjective
ADV adverb(ial)
APB, APROB approbative
AUX auxiliary
CAUS causative
COP copula
DAT dative
DEM demonstrative
DIST distal
DU dual
ERG ergative
EX, EXCL exclusive
F feminine
FUT future
GEN genitive
IMP imperative
IMPV imperfective. = IPFV (this abbrev. may be confused w imperative)
IN, INCL inclusive
INTR intransitive. = NTR
IPFV imperfective
LAUD laudative. In Na'vi, more accurately APROB
M masculine
NEG negation, negative
NMZ nominalizer/nominalization
NTR, INTR intransitive.
PAS passive
PEJ pejorative
PFV perfective
PL plural
POS possessive
PRS, PRES present
PROH prohibitive
PROX proximal/proximate
PST past
PTCP participle
Q question particle/marker
QUOT quotative
RECP reciprocal
REFL reflexive
SJV subjunctive
SG singular
TOP topic, topical case
VOC vocative

See also

Leipzig Glossing Rules

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