Difference between revisions of "Lexical affixes"

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=== Prefixes ===
 
=== Prefixes ===
These are all the known prefixes that change the class of a word as of December 29, 2009.  None of these appear to change the position of the stress accent.
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These are all the known prefixes that change the class of a word as of February 2, 2010.  None of these appear to change the position of the stress accent. These prefixes are not freely usable to coin new words from existing words ([[Canon/2010/March-June#N.C3.ACfya.27o|Canon]]), except '''nì-''', which is freely usable on existing adjectives(''citation needed'').
  
* '''nì-''' forms adverbs from nouns or adjectives, as in '''nìNa'vi''' ''Na'vily, in Na'vi'' ({{Corpus TO}}), '''nìftue''' ''easily'' from '''ftue''' ''easy'' ({{Corpus ASG}}, Dictionary)
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* '''nì-''' forms adverbs from nouns, adjectives and verbs, as in '''nìNa'vi''' ''Na'vily, in Na'vi'' ({{Corpus TO}}), '''nìftue''' ''easily'' from '''ftue''' ''easy'', '''nìtam''' ''enough'' from '''tam''' ''suffice, be enough'' ({{Corpus ASG}}, Dictionary)
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* '''sä-''' forms a noun for the means through which an action takes place, as in '''säspxin''' ''disease'' from '''spxin''' ''sick'' ({{Canon MND}}) and '''sänume''' ''teaching, instruction'' from '''nume''' ''learn'' ({{Corpus ASG}}). It may also form a noun which means a single instance of something, as in  '''sätswayon''' ''flight'' and '''säpom''' ''kiss'' (Dictionary)
 
* '''tì-''' forms nouns from adjectives and verbs, as in '''tìftia''' ''study (n.)'' from '''ftia''' ''study (v.)'' ({{Corpus SciMag}}), '''tìngay''' ''truth'' from '''ngay''' ''true'' ({{Corpus ASG}}, Dictionary)
 
* '''tì-''' forms nouns from adjectives and verbs, as in '''tìftia''' ''study (n.)'' from '''ftia''' ''study (v.)'' ({{Corpus SciMag}}), '''tìngay''' ''truth'' from '''ngay''' ''true'' ({{Corpus ASG}}, Dictionary)
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** '''tì-''' with a participle (a verb with the '''‹us›''' infix) forms a gerund, '''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng''' ''the first rule of living together'' ({{Corpus GMA}}).
 
* '''le-''' forms adjectives from nouns, as in '''lehrrap''' ''dangerous'' from '''hrrap''' ''danger'' ({{Corpus ASG}}, Dictionary), '''leNa'vi''' ''Na'vi (adj.)'' from '''Na'vi''' ''Na'vi (n.)'' ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song)
 
* '''le-''' forms adjectives from nouns, as in '''lehrrap''' ''dangerous'' from '''hrrap''' ''danger'' ({{Corpus ASG}}, Dictionary), '''leNa'vi''' ''Na'vi (adj.)'' from '''Na'vi''' ''Na'vi (n.)'' ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song)
  
 
=== Suffixes ===
 
=== Suffixes ===
  
* '''-yu''' creates an agent noun, as in '''<u>ta</u>ronyu''' ''hunter'' from '''<u>ta</u>ron''' ''hunt''.  It does not appear to alter the stress accent of a word.
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* '''-tu''', short for '''tute''' ''person'', is used to derive person nouns from parts of speech other than verbs (vs. '''-yu''', which operates on verbs), as in '''reltseotu''' ''artist'' and '''pamtseotu''' ''musician'' from '''pamtseo''' ''music'' ([[Canon#Art-related Vocabulary|Art-related vocabulary]]).
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* '''-yu''' creates an agent noun from a verb, as in '''<u>ta</u>ronyu''' ''hunter'' from '''<u>ta</u>ron''' ''hunt'' ({{Corpus ASG}}, Dictionary).  It does not appear to alter the stress accent of a word.
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* '''-nga'''' creates an adjective from a noun which means containing that noun, as in '''txumnga'''' ''poisonous, containing poison'' (Dictionary) It does not a appear to alter stress accent.
  
 
[[Category:Morphology]]
 
[[Category:Morphology]]

Latest revision as of 16:03, 25 July 2015

Prefixes

These are all the known prefixes that change the class of a word as of February 2, 2010. None of these appear to change the position of the stress accent. These prefixes are not freely usable to coin new words from existing words (Canon), except nì-, which is freely usable on existing adjectives(citation needed).

  • nì- forms adverbs from nouns, adjectives and verbs, as in nìNa'vi Na'vily, in Na'vi (TO), nìftue easily from ftue easy, nìtam enough from tam suffice, be enough (ASG, Dictionary)
  • sä- forms a noun for the means through which an action takes place, as in säspxin disease from spxin sick (MND) and sänume teaching, instruction from nume learn (ASG). It may also form a noun which means a single instance of something, as in sätswayon flight and säpom kiss (Dictionary)
  • tì- forms nouns from adjectives and verbs, as in tìftia study (n.) from ftia study (v.) (SciMag), tìngay truth from ngay true (ASG, Dictionary)
    • tì- with a participle (a verb with the ‹us› infix) forms a gerund, koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng the first rule of living together (GMA).
  • le- forms adjectives from nouns, as in lehrrap dangerous from hrrap danger (ASG, Dictionary), leNa'vi Na'vi (adj.) from Na'vi Na'vi (n.) (ASG, Weaving Song)

Suffixes

  • -tu, short for tute person, is used to derive person nouns from parts of speech other than verbs (vs. -yu, which operates on verbs), as in reltseotu artist and pamtseotu musician from pamtseo music (Art-related vocabulary).
  • -yu creates an agent noun from a verb, as in taronyu hunter from taron hunt (ASG, Dictionary). It does not appear to alter the stress accent of a word.
  • -nga' creates an adjective from a noun which means containing that noun, as in txumnga' poisonous, containing poison (Dictionary) It does not a appear to alter stress accent.