Difference between revisions of "Verb infixes"
(clean up a bit — this page is just for the shape of the infixes; how to use them is in the Verb syntax page) |
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| + | ''Note:'' this page is about the morphology of the verb infixes primarily. For the meaning and use of these, see [[Verb syntax]]. | ||
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All verbal inflection in Na'vi makes use of infixes. These are morphemes which, rather than occurring before (prefixes) or after (suffixes), are inserted into the middle of the verbal root. There are three positions for infixes. Frommer speaks of first position, second position and ''pre-first'' position. In some online documentation people have chosen to label the positions ‹1› (pre-first), ‹2› (first) and ‹3› (second). | All verbal inflection in Na'vi makes use of infixes. These are morphemes which, rather than occurring before (prefixes) or after (suffixes), are inserted into the middle of the verbal root. There are three positions for infixes. Frommer speaks of first position, second position and ''pre-first'' position. In some online documentation people have chosen to label the positions ‹1› (pre-first), ‹2› (first) and ‹3› (second). | ||
| − | == Pre-first | + | == Pre-first position == |
This position holds affixes that change transitivity, as well as the participle marker. | This position holds affixes that change transitivity, as well as the participle marker. | ||
{{GrTablePreFirst}} | {{GrTablePreFirst}} | ||
| − | == First position | + | == First position == |
Infixes that occur in the first position indicate tense, aspect, and mood. | Infixes that occur in the first position indicate tense, aspect, and mood. | ||
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{{GrTableAspect}} | {{GrTableAspect}} | ||
| − | + | When the perfective infix '''‹ol›''' encounters the pseudovowel '''ll''' the combination reduces to the simple consonant. The perfective of '''plltxe''' is thus '''poltxe''' not '''*p‹ol›lltxe'''. | |
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=== Tense === | === Tense === | ||
{{GrTableTense}} | {{GrTableTense}} | ||
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=== Mood === | === Mood === | ||
| − | + | The subjunctive infix is '''‹iv›'''. | |
=== Combination of affixes in first position === | === Combination of affixes in first position === | ||
Although not all possible combinations of aspect, tense, and mood are known from the current corpus, it is known that at least some combinations result in a new, complex infix. | Although not all possible combinations of aspect, tense, and mood are known from the current corpus, it is known that at least some combinations result in a new, complex infix. | ||
| − | == Second position | + | == Second position == |
{{GrTableAffect}} | {{GrTableAffect}} | ||
Infixes which occur in the second position indicate a range of features, including most prominently speak attitude toward the event. | Infixes which occur in the second position indicate a range of features, including most prominently speak attitude toward the event. | ||
Revision as of 14:47, 9 February 2010
Note: this page is about the morphology of the verb infixes primarily. For the meaning and use of these, see Verb syntax.
All verbal inflection in Na'vi makes use of infixes. These are morphemes which, rather than occurring before (prefixes) or after (suffixes), are inserted into the middle of the verbal root. There are three positions for infixes. Frommer speaks of first position, second position and pre-first position. In some online documentation people have chosen to label the positions ‹1› (pre-first), ‹2› (first) and ‹3› (second).
Contents
Pre-first position
This position holds affixes that change transitivity, as well as the participle marker.
Reflexive ‹äp› Causative ‹eyk› Active Participle ‹us› Passive Participle ‹awn›
First position
Infixes that occur in the first position indicate tense, aspect, and mood.
First position affixes are placed between the onset and the nucleus of the verb's penultimate syllable. If the verb is monosyllabic, they are placed before the first, and only, vowel of the root.
Aspect
Perfective ‹ol› Imperfective ‹er›
When the perfective infix ‹ol› encounters the pseudovowel ll the combination reduces to the simple consonant. The perfective of plltxe is thus poltxe not *p‹ol›lltxe.
Tense
Future ‹ay›, ‹asy› Proximal Future ‹ìy›, ‹ìsy› Present none Proximal Past ‹ìm› Past ‹am›
Mood
The subjunctive infix is ‹iv›.
Combination of affixes in first position
Although not all possible combinations of aspect, tense, and mood are known from the current corpus, it is known that at least some combinations result in a new, complex infix.
Second position
"Laudative" ‹ei› (‹eiy› before i) "Pejorative" ‹äng› (optionally ‹eng› before i) Honorific ‹uy› Indirect evidential ‹ats›
Infixes which occur in the second position indicate a range of features, including most prominently speak attitude toward the event.
