Difference between revisions of "Vocabulary"

Revision as of 12:51, 20 May 2010

The Na'vi language has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, rr and ll (LL). Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:

’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z

The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►.

Example:

kame [ˈka.mɛ] (Vtr) see (spiritual sense), acknowledge. ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO).

ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of yom·tìng is not *yìyomtìng but is yomtìyìng.

ad 2. Purple colour is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.

ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.

ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:

Adj	adjective
Adp+	adposition causing lenitation
Adp–	adposition not causing lenitation
Adv	adverb
Inf 1	first-position verbal infix
Inf pre-1	"pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)
Inf 2	second-position verbal infix
Idiom	idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions)
Conj	conjunction
M+	marker causing lenitation
M–	marker not causing lenitation
N	noun
NP	proper noun (names of people, places etc.)
Num	numeral
Part	particle
Pron	pronoun
Q	question word
Vin	intransitive verb
Vtr	transitive verb

’ (Apostrophe) [ʔ]

’ampi [ˈʔam.pi] (Vtr) touch.

’ango [ˈʔa.ŋo] (Adj) soft (of a sound).

’aw [ʔaw] (Num) one. ► ’awa tìpawm(ìri) [one question] (Numerals).

’awkx [ʔawkʼ] (N) cliff.

’awlie [ʔaw.ˈli.ɛ] (Adv) once (in the past). ► (EDM).

’awm [ʔawm] (N) camp.

’awpo [ˈʔaw.po] (Pron) one (individual/person) (acc.: ’awpot). ► ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal "so choose one" (ASG, Hunt Song).

’awsiteng [ʔaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] (Adv) together. ► zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu … "I must work together with those …" (AMFP).

’awstengyem [ʔaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] (Vtr) join (two things together).

’awve [ˈʔaw.vɛ] (Adj) first. ► koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng "the first rule of living together" (GMA).

’änsyem [ʔæn.ˈsjɛm] (Adj) complete.

’ärìp [ˈʔæ.ɾɪp] (Vtr) move (something).

’e’al [ˈʔɛ.ʔal] (Adj) worst (↔ swey).

’efu [ˈʔɛ.fu] (Vtr) feel, sense, perceive. ► Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

’efu ohakx [ˈʔɛ.fu o.ˈhakʼ] (Vin) be hungry. ► (EDM).

’eko [ˈʔɛ.ko] (Vtr) attack.

’ekong [ˈʔɛ.koŋ] (N) beat (rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat). ► ’ekong te’lanä "the beat of the hearts" (ASG, Weaving Song).

’em [ʔɛm] (Vtr) cook.

’engeng [ˈʔɛŋ.ɛŋ] (Adj) level.

’eoio [ˈʔɛ.o.i.o] (Adj) cerimonious.

’eveng [ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ] (N) child (dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng). ► kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" (AMFP).

’evi [ˈʔɛ.vi] (N) kid (affectionate form of "child").

’ewan [ˈʔɛ.wan] (Adj) young. ► aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì "in the words of our young friend Markus" (AMFP).

’ewll [ˈʔɛ.wl̩ː] (N) plant.

’eylan [ˈʔɛj.lan] (N) friend (short plural: eylan). ► ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl "your friend, Paul" (AMFP).

’eyng [ʔɛjŋ] (V) answer, respond. ► ’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng. [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] (Numerals).

’i’a [ˈʔi.ʔa] (Vin) end, conclude.

’ì’awn [ʔɪ.ˈʔawn] (Vin) remain, stay.

’ia [ˈʔi.a] (Vin) lose oneself (spiritual sense).

’ìheyu [ʔɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] (N) spiral. ► ’ìheyu sìreyä "the spiral of the lives" (ASG, Weaving Song).

’Ìnglìsì [ˈʔɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] (N) English language.

’it [ʔit] (N) bit, small amount.

’itan [ˈʔi.tan] (N) son.

’ite [ˈʔi.tɛ] (N) daughter.

’ok [ʔok] (N) memory, remembrance.

’ong [ʔoŋ] (V) unfold, blossom. ► ’Ivong *Na’vi! "Let *Na’vi bloom!" (AMFP); lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" (GMA).

’opin [ˈʔo.pin] (N) color.

’ora [ˈʔo.ɾa] (N) lake.

’Rrta [ˈʔr̩ː.ta] (NP) Earth. ► ’Rrtamì "on Earth" (GMA).

’u [ʔu] (N) thing (plural: ayu).

’upe [ˈʔu.pɛ] (Q) what (thing) (alternative form: peu). ► X nìNa’vi slu ’upe? (or) X nìNa’vi slu peu? "How do you say X in Na’vi?" [lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?] ([1] Jan 21).

’upxare [ʔu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] (N) message. ► fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel "I have heard the message you have sent me" (AMFP).

A [a]

a [a] (M–) to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the a is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip "so choose one [who is] among you" (ASG, Hunt Song); Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" (AMFP); ke rey a tute "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([2]).

-a | a- [a] (M–) to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the a is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ngima kilvan (or) kilvan angim "long river", fahew akewong "alien smell" (LL); sìltsana fmawn "good news" (AMFP); Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([3]); If the a is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng ([4]).

a fì’u [a fɪ.ʔu] (Conj) to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] (TO); Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan! [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use furia: Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru … ([5] Jan 20).

a krr [a kr̩ː] (Conj) when (to conclude a clause of time; when … then – a krr … tsakrr). ► Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …) "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" (AMFP); Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" (Krr).

alaksì [a.ˈlak.sɪ] (Adj) ready.

alìm [a.ˈlɪm] (Adv) far away, at a distance.

‹am› [a.m] (Inf 1) to indicate past tense ‹pst›. ► ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng "no answer has arrived" (AMFP).

apxa [a.ˈpʼa] (Adj) large.

‹arm› [aɾ.m] (Inf 1) to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt ‹pst.ipfv›. ► "<arm> is <a<er>m> pst.ipfv" ([6] Dec 28); oe harmahängaw [I fell asleep] ([7] Jan 27).

asim [a.ˈsim] (Adv) nearby, at close range.

atan [a.ˈtan] (N) light. ► (atan is "source of illumination").

atokirina’ [atoki.ˈɾi.naʔ] (N) atokirina, seeds of the great tree.

atxkxe [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] (N) land.

‹ats› [a.ʦ] (Inf 2) to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge ‹evid›. ► Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut. [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with kxawm (perhaps) for reinforcement ([8]).

au [ˈa.u] (N) drum (made of skin).

aungia [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] (N) sign, omen.

AW [aw]

‹awn› [aw.n] (Inf pre-1) to make a passive participle.

awnga, awngal, awngeyä, awngar(u) ↑ ayoeng.

AY [aj]

ay+ [aj] (M+) plural prefix. ► aysokx "bodies" (LL); ayzìsìt "years" (ASG, Weaving Song); ayoe "we" (ASG, Hunt Song); ayeylanur oeyä "to my friends" (AMFP).

‹ay› [a.j] (Inf 1) to indicate future tense ‹fut›. ► tayaron "will hunt" (LL); ayngaru payeng "I will let you know" (AMFP).

ayfo [aj.fo] (Pron) they (3rd person plural; short plural: fo ). ► zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu … "I must work together with those …" (AMFP).

ayfeyä [aj.fɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) their. (short plural: feyä). ► holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä "the number of their fingers" (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).
ayforu [aj.fo.ɾu] (Dative:) to them. (short plural: foru ). ► foru ’upxaret oel fpole’ "I have sent them a message" (AMFP).

ayla [aj.la] (Adj) the others. ► ’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng. [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] (Numerals).

aylaru [aj.ˈla.ɾu] (Pron) contraction of ay-lahe-ru (to the others) (Dative).

aynga [aj.ˈŋa] (Pron) you (2nd person plural). ► Terìran ayoe ayngane "We are walking your way" (ASG, Hunt Song); ayngakip "among you" (ASG, Hunt Song); nìaynga "(the same) like you" (AMFP).

ayngal [aj.ŋal] (Ergative:) you. ► ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal "so choose one" (ASG, Hunt Song); fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" (AMFP).
ayngeyä [aj.ŋɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) your. ► oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit "I feel your love" (AMFP); ’eylan karyusì anygeyä "your friend and teacher" (AMFP).
ayngar [aj.ŋaɾ] (or) ayngaru [aj.ŋa.ɾu] (Dative:) to you. ► Ayftxozä Lefpom! "Happy Holidays!" (UGO); ayngaru seiyi irayo "I thank you" (AMFP); paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar … "I will decide the best way to bring you …" (AMFP).
ayngati [aj.ŋa.ti] (Accusative:) you. ► Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan "I see you, my friends." (AMFP).

ayngenga [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] (Pron) you (2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form); ↑ aynga. ► ([9]).

ayoe [aj.ˈo.ɛ] (Pron) we (1st person plural, exclusive). ► Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe … "We are walking … we are singing …" (ASG, Hunt Song); Tivìran po ayoekip … "Let her walk among us …" ([10] Jan 09).

ayoer [aj.o.ɛɾ] (or) ayoeru [aj.o.ɛ.ɾu] (Dative:) to us. ► trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul "the day that you will give us more words" (CwT).

ayohe [aj.o.hɛ] (Pron) we (1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form); ↑ ayoe. ► The inclusive form is ohe ayngengasì [I and you] or ohe pxengengasì [I and (the three of) you] ([11]).

ayoeng [aj.ˈwɛŋ] (or) awnga [awŋa] (Pron) we (1st person plural, inclusive). ► ([12]).

ayoengal [aj.o.ɛ.ŋal] (or) awngal [awŋal] (Ergative:) we. ► ([13] Feb 18); awngal yom wutsot [we eat the meal] (Why is).
awngeyä [awŋɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) our. ► Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì "In the words of our young friend Markus" (AMFP).
awngar [awŋaɾ] (Dative:) to us. ► … fohu a … zamolunge awngar "with those who brought us …" (AMFP).

Ä [æ]

-ä [æ] (M) genitive suffix (in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel) [allomorph: -yä ]. ► ayzìsìtä kato "the rhythm of the years" (ASG, Weaving Song); tìftia kifkeyä "the study of the physical world" (SciMag); [kato] trrä sì txonä "[the rhythm] of night and day [lit.: day and night]" (ASG, Weaving Song).

äie [æ.ˈi.ɛ] (N) vision (spiritual sense).

‹äng› [æŋ] (Inf 2) to indicate negative feelings ‹pej›. ► längu "is-neg-attitude", tayarängon "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" (LL); ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng "no answer has arrived" (AMFP).

äo [ˈæ.o] (Adp–) under, below. ► äo Vitrautral "under the Tree of Souls" (Lemondrop).

‹äp› [æ.p] (Inf pre-1) to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► oe tsäpe’a "I see myself." (RaN).

ätxäle [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] (N) request.

ätxäle si [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] (Vin) request. ► Uses tsnì to introduce the clause for what is requested, ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" (BtS).

E [ɛ]

ean [ˈɛ.an] (Adj) blue, green. ► Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [lit.: blue and yellow]" (ASG, Weaving Song).

‹ei› [ɛ.i] (Inf 2) to indicate positive feelings ‹approb› [allomorph: -eiy ]. ► tayareion "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" (LL); Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO); ayngaru seiyi irayo "I thank you" (AMFP).

‹eiy› [ɛ.i.j] (Inf 2) allomorph of ↑ ‹ei› (in case of a following i).

ekxan [ɛ.ˈkʼan] (N) barricade, obstruction.

eltu [ˈɛl.tu] (N) brain.

eltu lefngap [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] (N) computer (lit.: metallic brain).

eltu si [ˈɛl.tu si] (Vin) pay attention, quit goofing off.

eltungawng [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] (N) brainworm (zool.).

emza’u [ɛm.ˈza.ʔu] (V) pass (a test).

eo [ˈɛ.o] (Adp–) before, in front of.

‹er› [ɛ.ɾ] (Inf 1) to indicate imperfective aspect ‹ipfv›. ► teraron "be hunting" (LL); Neytiri herahaw "Neytiri is sleeping" (MSNBC); oe perey "I am waiting" (AMFP); palulukan a teraron "a thanator that's hunting" ([14]).

etrìp [ˈɛt.ɾɪp] (Adj) favorable, auspicious.

EY [ɛj]

eyawr [ɛj.ˈawɾ] (Adj) correct, right. ► ([15]).

‹eyk› [ɛj.k] (Inf pre-1) to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using fa (A has something be done 'by' B). ► Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([16] Feb 17).

eyk [ɛjk] (V) lead.

eyktan [ˈɛjk.tan] (N) leader.

eylan ↑ ’eylan.

Eywa [ˈɛj.wa] (NP) Eywa, 'the Great Mother' (the deity of the Na’vi).

Eywa ngahu [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] (Idiom) Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" (FL).

Eywa’eveng [ɛj.wa.ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ] (NP) Pandora (lit.: child of Eywa). ► "it works as a compound" ([17] Jan 20).

F [f]

fa [fa] (Adp–) with, by means of. ► aylì’ufa "in the words [of …]" (AMFP); Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([18] Feb 17).

fahew [fa.ˈhɛw] (N) smell. ► fahew "smell" (LL).

fay+ [faj] (M+) proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► fayvrrtep "these demons" (TO); teri faytele [about these topics] ([19] Feb 17).

fäpa [ˈfæ.pa] (N) top.

fewi [ˈfɛ.wi] (Vtr) chase.

feyä ↑ ayfo.

fì- [fɪ] (M–) proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► fìskxawng(ìri) "this moron" (TO); fìaylì’u(t) [these words] ([20] Jan 27).

fì’u [fɪ.ˈʔu] (Pron) this (thing) (↑ a fì’u). ► "Fì’u means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([21] Dec 27); Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut. [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([22]).

fìfya [fɪ.ˈfja] (Adv) this way, like this.

fìkem [fɪ.ˈkɛm] (Pron) this (action).

fìpo [ˈfɪ.po] (Pron) this one (person or thing).

fìtrr [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] (Adv) today.

fìtxan [fɪ.ˈtʼan] (Adv) so, to such an extent. ► fìtxan nìftxavang "so passionately" (AMFP).

fìtxon [fɪ.ˈtʼon] (Adv) tonight. ► Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

fìtseng [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] (or) fìtsenge [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] (Adv) here, this place. ► Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì "These demons are forbidden here" (TO); Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak? "Do you come here often?" (Lemondrop).

fkarut [ˈfka.ɾut] (V) peel.

fkay [fkaj] (Adj) hateful.

fkew [fkɛw] (Adj) mighty.

fkip [fkip] (Adp–) up among.

fko [fko] (Pron) one, they (in the general sense). ► Oeru syaw fko Neytiri "My name is Neytiri [lit.: one calls (to) me Neytiri]" (RaN).

fkxake [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] (V) itch.

fkxen [fkʼɛn] (N) vegetable (food).

flä [flæ] (Vin) succeed. ► Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan! [Your examination succeeded well!] ([23] Jan 20).

flew [flɛw] (N) throat.

fmal [fmal] (Vtr) sustain.

fmawn [fmawn] (N) news, something to report. ► sìltsana fmawn "good news" AMFP).

fmetok [ˈfmɛ.tok] (V) test.

fmi [fmi] (Vtr + subjunctive) try, attempt.

fne- [fnɛ] (M-) kind, type (of) (noun prefix). ► (EDM).

fnel [fnɛl] (N) kind, type. ► (EDM).

fnepe [ˈfnɛ.pɛ] (Q) which kind (alternative form: pefnel). ► (EDM).

fnu [fnu] (V) quiet (= be quiet).

fngap [fŋap] (N) metal. ► (MND).

fo, fo… ↑ ayfo, ayfo….

fpak [fpak] (V) hold off, suspend action.

fpe’ [fpɛʔ] (Vtr) send. ► fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" (AMFP).

fpeio [fpɛ.ˈi.o] (N) challenge (ceremonial).

fpi [fpi] (Adp+) for (the benefit or sake of).

fpìl [fpɪl] (Vtr) think. ► "fpìl is transitive", Oel fpolìl futa … "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([24] Dec 27).

fpìlfya [ˈfpɪl.fja] (N) thought pattern, way of thinking.

fpom [fpom] (N) well-being, happiness; peace. ► Ngaru lu fpom srak? "Do you have a sense of well-being?" (VF).

fpomtokx [fpom.ˈtokʼ] (N) health (physical). ► (EDM).

fpxafaw [ˈfpʼa.faw] (N) medusa (zool.).

fpxäkìm [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] (V) enter.

fra’u [ˈfɾa.ʔu] (Pron) everything. ► vay set ’almong a fra’u "everything that has blossomed until now" (GMA).

frakrr [ˈfɾa.kr̩ː] (N) every time; (Adv) always. ► "frakrr 'always'", about krr being a noun used averbially see also (Krr noun vs. adverb).

frato [ˈfɾa.to] (M) comparative marker: than all, superlative (most, -est).

fratrr [fɾa.ˈtr̩ː] (Adv) every day.

fratseng [ˈfɾa.ʦɛŋ] (Adv) everywhere.

frapo [ˈfɾa.po] (Pron) everyone.

frìp [fɾɪp] (Vtr) bite.

frrfen [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] (Vtr) visit. ► "frrfen (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" (Vocabulary and <iyev>).

frrtu [ˈfr̩ː.tu] (N) visitor, guest. ► "frrtu = guest" (Vocabulary and <iyev>).

ftang [ftaŋ] (V) stop.

ftawnemkrr [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] (N) past.

ftär [ftæɾ] (Adj) left (not right).

fte [ftɛ] (Conj) so that, (in order) to. ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([25]).

fteke [ˈftɛ.kɛ] (Conj) so that not, lest.

ftem [ftɛm] (Vtr) pass by (something).

ftia [fti.ˈa] (V) study.

ftu [ftu] (Adp–) from (direction).

ftue [ˈftu.ɛ] (Adj) easy, simple. ► Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue [Your questions aren't easy] ([26] Feb 18).

ftxey [ftʼɛj] (Vtr) choose. ► ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal "choose one" (ASG, Hunt Song).

ftxì [ftʼɪ] (N) tongue. ► (MND).

ftxozä [ftʼo.ˈzæ] (N) holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► Ayftxozä Lefpom! "Happy Holidays!" (UGO and [27] Dec 27); Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx! "Happy Holidays to You All!" (OoOA).

fu [fu] (Conj) or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" (fu) with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B (MND).

furia [ˈfu.ɾi.a] (Conj) that (contraction of fì’uri a, ↑ a fì’u).

futa [ˈfu.ta] (Conj) that (contraction of fì’ut a, ↑ a fì’u). ► Oel new futa kivä [I want to go], Oel new futa Taronyu kivä "I want Taronyu to go" (CwT); Oel fpolìl futa … "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([28] Dec 27).

fwa [fwa] (Conj) that (contraction of fì’u a, ↑ a fì’u).

fwäkì [ˈfwæ.kɪ] (N) mantis.

fwel [fwɛl] (Adj) broken.

fwew [fwɛw] (Vtr) look for, seek.

fya’o [ˈfja.ʔo] (N) path, way; method, manner (acc.: fya’ot). ► paye’un sweya fya’ot "I will decide the best way" (AMFP).

fyape [ˈfja.pɛ] (Q) how (alternative form: pefya). ► Fyape fko syaw ngar? "What's your name?" [lit.: How does one call (to) you?]. (Reflexives).

fya·wìntxu [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] (Vin + dative) guide. ► oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu "I want to guide you" (AMFP).

H [h]

ha [ha] (Conj) so, in that case. ► ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] "So choose one" (ASG, Hunt Song).

hahaw [ˈha.haw] (Vin) sleep. ► "hahaw = sleep" ([29] Jan 27); Neytiri herahaw "Neytiri is sleeping" (MSNBC).

hangham [ˈhaŋ.ham] (Vin) laugh.

hapxì [ha.ˈpʼɪ] (N) part.

hasey [ha.ˈsɛj] (Adj) done, finished.

hawl [hawl] (V) prepare.

hawnu [ˈhaw.nu] (V) protect, shelter.

hawng [hawŋ] (N) overabundance.

hetuwong ↑ ketuwong.

hewne [ˈhɛw.nɛ] (Adj) soft (of an object).

heyn [hɛjn] (Vin) sit.

hiyìk [ˈhi.jɪk] (Adj) funny, strange.

hì’ang [ˈhɪ.ʔaŋ] (N) insect.

hì’i [ˈhɪ.ʔi] (Adj) little, small (in seize).

hìkrr [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] (N) second, a very short time. ► maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw "we will return after a short time" (Zenke).

hìm [hɪm] (Adj) small (in quantity), a little.

hìmtxampe [hɪm.ˈtʼam.pɛ] (Q) how much (alternative form: pìmtxan).

hìmtxan [hɪm.ˈtʼan] (N) amount.

hol [hol] (Adj) few. ► "hol = few" (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

holpxay [hol.ˈpʼaj] (N) number. ► (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

holpxaype [hol.ˈpʼaj.pɛ] (Q) how many (alternative form: polpxay).

horen ↑ koren.

hrrap [ˈhr̩ː.ap] (N) danger.

hu [hu] (Adp–) with (together with somebody, accompaniment). ► hu nga (or) ngahu "with you" (LL); oehu "with me" (UGO).

hufwa [hu.ˈfwa] (Conj) although.

hufwe [hu.ˈfwɛ] (N) wind.

hum [hum] (V) leave, depart.

I [i]

i’en [ˈiʔ.ɛn] (N) stringed instrument.

iknimaya [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] (N) "Stairway to Heaven" (a rite of passage of the Na’vi).

ikran [ˈik.ɾan] (N) ikran, banshee (zool.). ► ikran "banshee" (LL).

‹ilv› [il.v] (Inf 1) to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood ‹pfv.sjv›. ► "present perfect subjunctive" (Fused -iv-infixes).

‹imv› [im.v] (Inf 1) to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood ‹pst.sjv› (or) ‹rec.sjv›. ► "past subjunctive" (Fused -iv-infixes).

io [ˈi.o] (Adp–) above.

ioang [i.ˈo.aŋ] (N) animal, beast.

irayo [i.ˈɾa.jo] (N/Idiom) thank(s). ► Irayo nìmum [Thank you again] ([30] Jan 27).

irayo si [i.ˈɾa.jo si] (Vin + dative) to thank (someone). ► ayngaru seiyi irayo "I thank you" (AMFP).

‹irv› [iɾ.v] (Inf 1) to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood ‹ipfv.sjv›. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" (Fused -iv-infixes).

-it [it] (M) accusative suffix (in case of the word ending on a consonant) [allomorphs: -t, -ti ]. ► Neytiril yerikit tolaron "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" (MSNBC); oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit "I feel your love" (AMFP); kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" (AMFP).

‹iv› [i.v] (Inf 1) to indicate subjunctive mood ‹sjv›.

as optative ‹opt› to indicate a wish or hope. ► oeyä txe’lan livu ngay "let my heart be true" (ASG, Hunt Song); ’Ivong *Na’vi! "Let *Na’vi bloom!" (AMFP).
as iussive ‹just› to indicate encouragement. ► spivaw oeti rutxe "please believe me" (AMFP); Oeyä ikran slivu nga "Be my ikran" (Lemondrop).
accompanying certain verbs, namely
1. fmi (try, attempt).
2. new (want). ► Txo new nga rivey, oehu! "Come with me, if you want to live!" (UGO); oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu "I want to guide you" (AMFP).
3. tsun (be able). ► fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] (AMFP).
4. zene (must). ► livu win sì txur oe zene "I must be fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song); zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu … "I must work together with those …" (AMFP).
in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr … "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" (ASG, Hunt Song).

‹iyev› [i.jɛ.v] (Inf 1) to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood ‹fut.sjv› (or) ‹imm.sjv› (alternative form: ‹ìyev›). ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." (Vocabulary and <iyev>); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." (Fused -iv-infixes).

Ì [ɪ]

-ìl [ɪl] (M) ergative suffix (in case of the word ending on a consonant) [allomorph: -l ]. ► oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk "Let the truth strike my heart" (ASG, Hunt Song); Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([31]).

ìlä [ˈɪ.læ] (or) ìlä [ɪ.ˈlæ] (Adp+) by, via, following.

‹ìm› [ɪ.m] (Inf 1) to indicate recent past tense ‹rec›. ► tìmaron "just now hunted" (LL).

-ìri [ɪɾi] (M) topic suffix (in case of the word ending on a consonant) [allomorph: -ri ]. ► Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe "I apologize for this moron" (TO); Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo [I thank you for your questions] ([32] Jan 19).

‹ìrm› [ɪɾ.m] (Inf 1) to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect ‹rec.ipfv›. ► tìrmaron "was just now hunting" (LL).

‹ìy› [ɪ.j] (Inf 1) to indicate immediate future tense ‹imm›. ► yomtìyìng "will feed" (ASG, Hunt Song); trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul "the day that you will give us more words" (CwT).

‹ìyev› ↑ ‹iyev›.

K [k]

ka [ka] (Adp–) across.

kakrel [kak.ˈɾɛl] (Adj) blind.

kalin [ka.ˈlin] (Adj) sweet. ► (MND).

kaltxì [kal.ˈtʼɪ] (Idiom) Hello! Greetings! ► Kaltxì! "Greetings! Hello!" (VF); Kaltxì ngaru [I greet you] ([33] Dec 15).

kame [ˈka.mɛ] (Vtr) see (spiritual sense), acknowledge. ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO).

kan [kan] (V) aim. ► "kan is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([34] Dec 20).

kanu [ˈka.nu] (Adj) smart, intelligent (for a person).

kangay [ka.ˈŋaj] (Adj) valid.

kar [kaɾ] (Vtr) teach.

karyu [ˈkaɾ.ju] (N) teacher. ► ’eylan karyusì anygeyä "your friend and teacher" (AMFP).

kato [ˈka.to] (N) rhythm (acc.: katot). ► Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato "The rhythm of rain and sun" (ASG, Weaving Song); Katot täftxu oel "I weave the rhythm" (ASG, Weaving Song).

kavuk [ka.ˈvuk] (N) treachery.

kavuk si [ka.ˈvuk si] (Vin) betray.

kaw’it [kaw.ˈʔit] (Adv) not a bit, not at all. ► Used in ke... kaw’it for not at all (April 6 Miscellany).

kawkrr [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] (N) no time; (Adv) never. ► "kawkrr 'never'", about krr being a noun used averbially see also (Krr noun vs. adverb).

kawng [kawŋ] (Adj) bad, evil.

kawtu [ˈkaw.tu] (Pron) no one, nobody. ► ke lu kawtu "there's nobody" (Lemondrop).

kä [kæ] (Vin) go. ► Oe zene kivä "I must go" (CwT); poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk "Eytukan said he would go [lit.: Eytukan said ‹quote.in› I will go ‹quote.out›]" ([35] Jan 21).

kä’ärìp [kæ.ˈʔæ.ɾɪp] (Vtr) push.

kämakto [kæ.ˈmak.to] (V) ride out.

käpxì [kæ.ˈpʼɪ] (N) rear (rear part or section).

käsatseng [kæ.ˈsa.ʦɛŋ] (Adv) out there.

ke [kɛ] (Adv) not. ► oel pot ke spaw "I don't believe him" ([36] Jan 21); ke rey a tute "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([37]).

ke’aw [kɛ.ˈʔaw] (Adj) divided, torn apart, strife-ridden.

ke’u [ˈkɛ.ʔu] (Pron) nothing.

kea [ˈkɛ.a] (Adj) no ~ (to negate a noun).

keftxo [kɛ.ˈftʼo] (Adj) unhappy, upset; (Idiom) "How sad!". ► (EDM).

kefya [kɛ.ˈfja] (Idiom) used to create a tag question, in the form kefya srak? like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; kefya srak? may be further shortened to kefyak? ► (Tag Question).

kehe [ˈkɛ.hɛ] (Adv) no.

kelfpomtokx [kɛl.ˈfpom.tokʼ] (Adj) unhealthy. ► (EDM).

kelku [ˈkɛl.ku] (N) home, house.

kelku si [ˈkɛl.ku si] (Vin) live, dwell.

keltsun [kɛl.ˈʦun] (Adj) impossible.

Kelutral [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] (NP) Hometree ([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi). ► zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a "they're coming to destroy Hometree" (BtS).

kem [kɛm] (N) action, deed. ► kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu "any action which you don't like" (GMA).

kemlì’u [ˈkɛm.lɪ.ʔu] (N) verb.

kempe [ˈkɛm.pɛ] (Q) what (action) (alternative form: pehem).

kenong [ˈkɛ.noŋ] (V) model, represent, exemplify.

keng [kɛŋ] (Adv) even. ► ex. "didn't even try".

kerusey [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] (Adj) dead. ► keruseya tute "dead (= non-living) person", Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([38]).

keteng [ˈkɛ.tɛŋ] (Adj) different.

ketuwong [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] (N) alien (short plural: hetuwong). ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([39]).

kewong [ˈkɛ.woŋ] (Adj) alien. ► fahew akewong "alien smell" (LL).

key [kɛj] (N) face.

keyawr [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] (Adj) wrong, incorrect.

keye’ung [kɛ.ˈjɛ.ʔuŋ] (N) insanity.

kifkey [ki.ˈfkɛj] (N) the (physical, solid) world. ► tìftia kifkeyä "the study of the physical world ['science']" (SciMag).

kifkey Eywa’evengä [ki.ˈfkɛj ɛj.wa.ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ.æ] (N) world of Pandora (lit.: world of the child of Eywa) (↑ Eywa’eveng). ► kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" (AMFP).

kilvan [kil.ˈvan] (N) river. ► ngima kilvan (or) kilvan angim "long river" (LL).

kin [kin] (V) need.

kinam [ki.ˈnam] (N) leg.

kinamtil [ki.ˈnam.til] (N) knee.

kinä [ˈki.næ] (Num) seven. ► (Numerals).

kip [kip] (Adp–) among. ► ayngakip "among you" (ASG, Hunt Song); Tivìran po ayoekip … "Let her walk among us …" ([40] Jan 09).

kivol [ˈki.vol] (Num) (octal:) 70 (= decimal: 56). ► (Numerals).

kì’ong [kɪ.ˈʔoŋ] (Adj) slow.

kìm [kɪm] (V) spin.

kìng [kɪŋ] (N) thread.

kìte’e [kɪ.ˈtɛ.ʔɛ] (N) service.

kìyevame [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] (Idiom) See you again soon! Goodbye! ► kìyevame "see you again" (FL); Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" (AMFP); lit.: "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." (Fused -iv-infixes).

kll·fro’ [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoʔ] (V) be responsible.

kll·kä [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] (V) descend.

kll·kulat [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] (V) dig up. ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([41]).

kll·kxem [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] (V) stand.

kllpa [ˈkl̩ː.pa] (N) bottom.

kllpxìltu [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] (N) territory.

kllte [ˈkl̩ː.tɛ] (N) ground.

klltseng [ˈkl̩ː.ʦɛŋ] (N) position.

ko [ko] (Part) sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([42] Jan 09).

koak [ˈko.ak] (Adj) old, aged (for living things).

koren [ko.ˈɾɛn] (N) rule, guideline (short plural: horen). ► [zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" (AMFP); "Rule is koren" ([43] Dec 20).

krr [kr̩ː] (N) time, ↑ a krr.

krr·nekx [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] (V) take/consume time.

krrpe [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] (Q) when (for questions only).

kunsìp [ˈkun.sɪp] (N) gunship.

kurakx [ku.ˈɾakʼ] (V) drive out.

KX [kʼ]

kxa [kʼa] (N) mouth.

kxam [kʼam] (N) middle, midpoint.

kxamlä [ˈkʼam.læ] (Adp–) through (= via the middle of).

kxamtseng [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] (N) center, place in the middle.

kxanì [ˈkʼa.nɪ] (Adj) forbidden. ► Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì "These demons are forbidden here" (TO).

kxangangang [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] (Onom) boom.

kxawm [kʼawm] (Adv) perhaps, maybe. ► kxawm oe harmahängaw [maybe I fell asleep] ([44] Jan 27).

kxayl [kʼajl] (Adj) high (in dimension; in space).

kxener [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] (N) smoke.

kxetse [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] (N) tail.

kxeyey [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] (N) error, mistake. ► Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe, "kxeyey = mistake, error" (CwT).

kxitx [kʼitʼ] (N) death.

kxll [kʼl̩ː] (N) charge.

kxll si [kʼl̩ː si] (Vin) charge. ► Tengkrr palulukan moene kxll sarmi, ... (Reading In Public).

kxu [kʼu] (N) harm. ► ([45]).

kxuke [ˈkʼu.kɛ] (Adj) safe.

kxutu [ˈkʼu.tu] (N) enemy.

L [l]

-l [l] (M) ergativ suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel). ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO); Neytiril yerikit tolaron "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" (MSNBC).

lahe [ˈla.hɛ] (Adj) other. ► tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" (GMA); Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

lam [lam] (Vin) seem, appear.

lapo [ˈla.po] (Pron) another one (person or thing).

laro [ˈla.ɾo] (Adj) clean.

latem [ˈla.tɛm] (Vin) change (something is changing). ► "'Change' is indeed latem, but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: leykatem [someone changes something] ([46] Feb 15).

latsi [la.ˈʦi] (V) keep up with someone.

law [law] (Adj) clear, certain. ► Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [lit.: it will be clear to you]" (Krr); Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar [I hope, my answer is clear to you] (Fused -iv-infixes).

layon [la.ˈjon] (Adj) black.

le- [lɛ] (M–) to turn a noun into an adjective. ► lefpom "happy" (OoOA); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker a is usually omitted, thus: ayftxozä lefpom = ayftxozä alefpom ([47] Dec 27); aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi "the words and the rules of Na’vi" (AMFP).

lefngap [lɛ.ˈfŋap] (Adj) metallic.

lefpom [lɛ.ˈfpom] (Adj) happy. ► "lefpom = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" (in contrast to ↑ nitram) ([48] Jan 31); Ayftxozä Lefpom! "Happy Holidays!" (UGO); Txon lefpom (livu ngar) "(It may be to you a) good night" ([49] Jan 31).

lefpomtokx [lɛ.ˈfpom.tokʼ] (Adj) healthy. ► (EDM).

lehawng [lɛ.ˈhawŋ] (Adj) excessive.

lehrrap [lɛ.ˈhr̩ː.ap] (Adj) dangerous. ► Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([50]).

lek [lɛk] (V) heed, obey.

lekin [lɛ.ˈkin] (Adj) necessary.

lekye’ung [lɛk.ˈjɛ.ʔuŋ] (Adj) insane, crazy.

lemweypey [lɛm.ˈwɛj.pɛj] (Adj) patient. ► (EDM).

len [lɛn] (Vin) occur, happen.

leNa’vi ↑ Na’vi.

lerìk [lɛ.ˈɾɪk] (Adj) leafy.

lertu [ˈlɛɾ.tu] (N) colleague.

lesar [lɛ.ˈsaɾ] (Adj) useful.

letam [lɛ.ˈtam] (Adj) sufficient. ► (EDM).

letrr [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] (Adj) daily. ► "I like letrr for daily!", mì oeyä letrra tìrey [in may daily life] (CwT).

letrrtrr [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː.tr̩ː] (Adj) ordinary.

letsranten [lɛ.ˈʦɾan.tɛn] (Adj) important. ► (EDM).

letsunslu [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] (Adj) possible. ► "letsunslu = possible" (Vocabulary and <iyev>).

lew [lɛw] (N) cover, lid.

lew si [lɛw si] (Vin) cover.

lì’fya [ˈlɪʔ.fja] (N) language. ► eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx "to all friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

lì’u [ˈlɪ.ʔu] (N) word (acc.: lì’ut). ► [zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" (AMFP); aylì’ufa "in the words [of …]" (AMFP).

lì’upe [lɪ.ˈʔu.pɛ] (Q) what (word, utterance) (alternative form: pelì’u).

lìm [lɪm] (Vin) far (= be far).

lok [lok] (Adp–) close to.

lok [lok] (V) get close to, approach. ► fteke nìhawng livok "(careful) not to get too close".

lonu [lo.ˈnu] (Vtr) release, let go.

lor [loɾ] (Adj) beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► lor "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ sevin] (LL).

lrrtok [ˈlr̩ː.tok] (N) smile.

lu [lu] (Vin) be. ► "Lu, (…) is 'to be'" ([51] Dec 18).

be (am, are, is; the copula). ► Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu. "My nose is full of his smell" (LL).
to indicate existence (there is). ► awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" (ASG, Hunt Song).
in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► Ngaru lu fpom srak? "Do you have a sense of well-being?" (VF); layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn "I well soon have good news" (AMFP). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: Lu oeru ikran." (Dative possessive).

luke [ˈlu.kɛ] (Adp–) without. ► ([52]).

lumpe [ˈlum.pɛ] (Q) why (alternative form: pelun).

lun [lun] (N) reason. ► related to talun(a) "because"; see also oeyk and taweyk(a) (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

M [m]

ma [ma] (M–) vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► Tewti, ma Prrton! "Wow, Prrton!" (LL); Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan "I see you, my friends" (AMFP); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ma smukan sì smuke "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ma smukan sì ma smuke) ([53]); ma is always in front of all words included in the address: ma oeyä eylan "My friends!"; ma can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([54]).

makto [ˈmak.to] (V) ride. ► oeng ’awsiteng mivakto "let's ride together" (Lemondrop).

maw [maw] (Adp–) after (time). ► maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw "we will return after a short time" (Zenke).

mawey [ma.ˈwɛj] (Adj) calm.

mawey·pey [ma.ˈwɛj.pɛj] (Vin) be patient. ► (EDM).

mawkrr [maw.kr̩ː] (Adv) after (time), afterwards.

me’em [mɛ.ˈʔɛm] (Adj) harmonious.

me+ [mɛ] (M+) dual marker. ► meveng [< me+ + ’eveng] ([55] Jan 20).

mefo [ˈmɛ.fo] (Pron) they (= those two). (3rd person dual). ► ([56]).

mekre [ˈmɛk.ɾɛ] (N) supplies.

menga [mɛ.ŋa] (Pron) you (= the two of you) (2st person dual). ► ([57]).

mengenga [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] (Pron) you (2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form); ↑ menga. ► ([58]).

meoauniaea [ˈmɛ.o.a.uni.a.ˈɛ.a] (N) harmony, living at one with nature. ► (EDM).

meSrrmrrvam [mɛ.sr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvam] (N); (Adv) Thursday (of 2 weeks previous). ► (EDM).

meSrrmrrvay [mɛ.sr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvaj] (N); (Adv) Thursday (of 2 weeks out). ► (EDM).

meuia [mɛ.ˈu.i.a] (N) honor.

mevol [ˈmɛ.vol] (Num) (octal:) 20 (= decimal: 16). ► (Numerals).

meyp [mɛjp] (Adj) weak.

mi [mi] (Adv) yet, still (= as before). ► (MND).

mikyun [ˈmik.jun] (N) ear.

mip [mip] (Adj) new. ► Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru! [Happy New Year to You!] ([59] Dec 31).

mì [mɪ] (Adp+) in, on (about place and time). ► mì sokx "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" (LL); mì oeyä letrra tìrey "in my daily life" (CwT); ’Rrtamì "on Earth" (GMA).

mìfa [ˈmɪ.fa] (or) mìfa [mɪ.ˈfa] (N) inside; (Adv) inside.

mìkam [mɪ.ˈkam] (Adp–) between.

mìn [mɪn] (V) turn.

mìso [mɪ.ˈso] (Adv) away (position: "Stay away!"; cf. neto). ► ([60] Feb 15).

mllte [ml̩ː.ˈtɛ] (V) agree.

moe [ˈmo.ɛ] (Pron) we (= the two of us) (1st person dual exclusive). ► ([61]).

mohe [mo.hɛ] (Pron) we (= the two of us) (1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form); ↑ moe. ► The inclusive form is ohe ngengasì [I and you] ([62]).

mokri [ˈmok.ɾi] (N) voice. ► Utral Aymokriyä "Tree of Voices" (Lemondrop).

mowan [mo.ˈwan] (Adj) pleasing, enjoyable.

mrr [mr̩ː] (Num) five. ► (Numerals).

mrrvol [ˈmr̩ː.vol] (Num) (octal:) 50 (= decimal: 40). ► (Numerals).

muiä [mu.ˈi.æ] (Adj) proper, fair, right, justified.

mun’i [mun.ˈʔi] (V) cut. ► "mun’i is the verb 'cut'" (CwT).

mune [ˈmu.nɛ] (Num) two. ► (Numerals).

muntxa [mun.ˈtʼa] (Adj) mated.

muntxa si [mun.ˈtʼa si] (Vin) mate (with someone).

munge [ˈmu.ŋɛ] (Vtr) take, bring.

mungwrr [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] (Adp–) except. ► (MND).

N [n]

na [na] (Adp–) like, as. ► aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan "the words are like stones in my heart" (BtS); Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

na’rìng [ˈnaʔ.ɾɪŋ] (N) forest.

Na’vi [ˈnaʔ.vi] (NP) the Na’vi, the People. ► kato te’lanä le-Na’vi "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" (ASG, Weaving Song); awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng "[choose] one, who will feed the People" (ASG, Hunt Song).

nìNa’vi [nɪ.naʔ.vi] (Adv) in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] (TO); X nìNa’vi slu ’upe? "How do you say X in Na’vi?" [lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?] ([63] Jan 21).
leNa’vi [lɛ.naʔ.vi] (Adj) Na’vi (as an attribute), 'Na’viean'. ► eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi "to the friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

nantang [ˈnan.taŋ] (N) viperwolf (zool.). [Caniferratus costatus (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups (ASG, p. 103/104)].

nang [naŋ] (Part) particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement. Always sentence-final and appears with nìtxan (a collection).

nari [ˈna.ɾi] (N) eye.

nari si [ˈna.ɾi si] (Vin) watch out, be careful.

nawm [nawm] (Adj) great, noble.

nawmtu [ˈnawm.tu] (N) great person.

näk [næk] (Vtr) drink.

ne [nɛ] (Adp–) to (direction). ► Terìran ayoe ayngane "We are walking your way" (ASG, Hunt Song); ne kllte! "get down!" (lit.: to the ground!; ASG).

ne’ìm [nɛ.ˈʔɪm] (Adv) back (direction).

nefä [nɛ.ˈfæ] (Adv) up (direction).

nekll [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] (Adv) down (direction). ► Tìng nari nekll "See below" ([64]).

nekx [nɛkʼ] (Vtr) burn, consume.

nemfa [ˈnɛm.fa] (Adp–) into.

neto [nɛ.ˈto] (Adv) away (direction: "Go away!"; cf. mìso). ► ([65] Feb 15); neto rä’ä kivä! "don't go away!" (GMA).

new [nɛw] (Vtr + subjunctive) want. ► Txo new nga rivey, oehu! "Come with me, if you want to live." (UGO); oe new ayngaru fyawìvintxu "I want to guide you" (AMFP); Oel new kivä = Oel new futa kivä [I want to go], Oel new futa Taronyu kivä "I want Taronyu to go" (CwT).

niä [ni.ˈæ] (Vtr) grab.

nikre [ˈnik.ɾɛ] (N) hair.

nitram [nit.ˈɾam] (Adj) happy (used only for people, Na’vi or humans). (in contrast to ↑ lefpom).

nì- [nɪ] (M–) turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] (TO); Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [lit.: blue and yellow]" (ASG, Weaving Song); nì’aw "only" [adv-one] (ASG, Hunt Song); nìaynga "(the same) like you" (AMFP).

nì’aw [nɪ.ʔaw] (Adv) only. ► ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari … "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" (ASG, Hunt Song); yom °matsat nì’aw [we eat only °matzah] (Why is).

nì’awtu [nɪ.ˈʔaw.tu] (Adv) alone (as one person).

nì’awve [nɪ.ˈʔaw.vɛ] (Adv) first(ly).

nì’eoio [nɪ.ˈʔɛ.o.i.o] (Adv) ceremoniously.

nì’eyng [nɪ.ˈʔɛjŋ] (Adv) back, in response, in answer.

nì’it [nɪ.ˈʔit] (Adv) small amount, a bit.

nì’ul [nɪ.ˈʔul] (Adv) more. ► ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul "you will give us more words" (CwT).

nìawnomum [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] (Adv) as you know, as is known. ► (AMFP).

nìayoeng [naj.ˈwɛŋ] (Adv) like us, as we do.

nìftue [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] (Adv) easily.

nìftxavang [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] (Adv) passionately, with all heart. ► fìtxan nìftxavang "so passionately" (AMFP).

nìfya’o [nɪ.ˈfja.ʔo] (Adv) in a manner.

nìhawng [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] (Adv) too, excessively.

nìkanu [nɪ.ˈka.nu] (Adv) intelligently, in a smart way.

nìkeftxo [nɪ.kɛ.ˈftʼo] (Adv) unfortunately, sadly. ► (EDM).

nìlaw [nɪ.ˈlaw] (Adv) clearly.

nìlkeftang [nɪl.kɛ.ˈftaŋ] (Adv) continuously, without stopping.

nìltsan [nɪl.ˈʦan] (Adv) well. ► Plltxe nga nìltsan! "You speak well!" (LL); Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan! [Your examination succeeded well!] ([66] Jan 20).

nìmun [nɪ.ˈmun] (Adv) again. ► Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun [I thank you again] ([67] Jan 07).

nìmweypey [nɪm.ˈwɛj.pɛj] (Adv) patiently. ► (EDM).

nìn [nɪn] (Vtr) look at.

nìNa’vi ↑ Na’vi.

nìngay [nɪ.ˈŋaj] (Adv) truly. ► Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk "Let my arrow strike true" (ASG, Hunt Song).

nìpxi [nɪ.ˈpʼi] (Adv) especially, pointedly, unambiguously. ► (EDM).

nìpxim [nɪ.ˈpʼim] (Adv) erectly, uprightly.

nìrangal [nɪ.ˈɾaŋ.al] (Adv) "I wish, oh that" indicating counterfactual wishes, followed by a verb in the imperfect subjunctive for a present counterfactual, the perfect subjunctive for a past counterfactual (a collection).

nìsti [nɪ.ˈsti] (Adv) angrily.

nìswey [nɪ.ˈswɛj] (Adv) optimally, best. ► (EDM).

nìtam [nɪ.ˈtam] (Adv) enough (after an adjective).

nìteng [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] (Adv) too, likewise, as well. ► Nìaynga oe perey nìteng "Like you, I too am waiting" (AMFP).

nìtut [nɪ.ˈtut] (Adv) continually.

nìtxan [nɪ.ˈtʼan] (Adv) very much. ► oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawìvintxu "I want very much to guide you" (AMFP); ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan [I thank you very much] ([68] Jan 20).

nìwin [nɪ.ˈwin] (Adv) fast.

nìwotx [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] (Adv) all (of), completely, in toto. ► Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx! "Happy Holidays to You All!" (OoOA); Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

nìzawnong [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] (Adv) safely.

nong [noŋ] (V) follow, proceed after.

nulkrr [nul.ˈkr̩ː] (Adv) longer (time).

nul·new [nul.ˈnɛw] (V) prefer, would rather. ► ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" (Lemondrop).

nume [ˈnu.mɛ] (V) learn. ► nume "learn" (CwT).

numtseng [ˈnum.ʦɛŋ] (N) school.

NG (= G) [ŋ]

nga [ŋa] (Pron) you (2nd person singluar). ► hu nga (or) ngahu "with you", Plltxe nga nìltsan! "You speak well!" (LL); Eywa ngahu "Eywa be with you" (FL).

ngal [ŋal] (Ergative:) you. ► Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’ [You have sent my message] ([69] Jan 20).
ngeyä [ŋɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) your. ► ngeyä fahew akewong "your alien smell" (TO); tawskìp ngeyä "your ship [= space ship]" (UGO).
ngar [ŋa.ɾ] (or) ngaru [ŋa.ɾu] (Dative:) to you. ► Ngaru lu fpom srak? "Do you have a sense of well-being?" (VF); Fyape fko syaw ngar? "What's your name?" [lit.: How does one call (to) you?] (Reflexives).
ngati [ŋa.ti] (Accusative:) you. ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO).
ngari [ŋa.ɾi] (Topic:) you, as for you. ► pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari "only if I am worthy of you" (ASG, Hunt Song).

ngawng [ŋawŋ] (N) worm (zool.).

ngay [ŋaj] (Adj) true. ► oeyä txe’lan livu ngay "let my heart be true" (ASG, Hunt Song).

ngäng [ŋæŋ] (N) stomach.

ngenga [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] (Pron) you (2nd person singular, honorific form); ↑ nga. ► ([70]).

ngian [ŋi.ˈan] (Adv) however.

ngim [ŋim] (Adj) long (about space). ► ngima kilvan (or) kilvan angim "long river" (LL).

ngop [ŋop] (V) create. ► "ngop 'create'" (Auxilary verb SI).

nguway [ˈŋu.waj] (N) howl, viperwolf cry.

O [o]

oe [ˈo.ɛ] (Pron) I (1st person singular). ► livu win sì txur oe zene "I must be fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song); tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" (TO).

oel [o.ɛl] (Ergative:) I. ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO); Katot täftxu oel "I weave the rhythm" (ASG, Weaving Song); oel pot ke spaw "I don't believe him" ([71] Jan 21).
oeyä [o.ɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) my. ► Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan … "My arrow … my spear … my heart." (ASG, Hunt Song); ma oeyä eylan "my friends" (AMFP).
oer [o.ɛɾ] (or) oeru [o.ɛ.ɾu] (Dative:) to me. ► oeru prrte’ lu "it's a pleasure [to me]" (TO); layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn "I will soon have good news" (AMFP); fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret "[I have heard] the message you sent me" (AMFP); Nga yawne lu oer "I love you" ([72] Jan 21); Oeru syaw fko … "My name is …" [lit.: They call (to) me …] (Reflexives).
oeti [o.ɛ.ti] (Accusative:) me. ► Spivaw oeti rutxe "Please believe me (AMFP).
oeri [o.ɛ.ɾi] (Topic:) I, as for me. ► oeri "I-top" (LL).

oeng [o.ɛŋ] (Pron) we, you and I, the two of us (1st person dual inclusive). ► oeng ’awsiteng mivakto "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" (Lemondrop).

oengal [o.ɛ.ŋal] (Ergative:) we, the two of us. ► oeng ([73] Jan 21).
oengat [o.ɛ.ŋat] (or) oengati [o.ɛ.ŋa.ti] (Accusative:) us, the two of us. ► oengat(i) ([74] Jan 21).

oeyk [o.ˈɛjk] (N) cause. ► related to taweyk(a) "because"; see also lun and talun(a) (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

oeyk·tìng [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] (V) explain (why).

ohakx [o.ˈhakʼ] (Adj) hungry. ► (EDM).

ohe [ˈo.hɛ] (Pron) I (1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form); ↑ oe. ► ([75]).

‹ol› [o.l] (Inf 1) to indicate perfective aspect ‹pfv›. ► tolaron "have hunted" (LL); Neytiril yerikit tolaron "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" (MSNBC).

olo’ [ol.ˈoʔ] (N) clan.

olo’eyktan [o.loʔ.ˈɛjk.tan] (N) clan leader.

Omatikaya [omati.ˈka.ja] (NP) the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.

omum [ˈo.mum] (Vtr) know. ► omum oel futa … "I know that …" (AMFP). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, AMFP gives it on the last.

ontu [ˈon.tu] (N) nose. ► ontu "nose" (LL).

P [p]

pa’li [ˈpaʔ.li] (N) direhorse (zool.).

pa’o [ˈpa.ʔo] (N) side.

pak [pak] (Part) particle for disparagement.

palulukan [ˈpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] (N) thanator (zool.).

pam [pam] (N) sound.

pamrel [pam.ˈɾɛl] (N) writing.

pamrel si [pam.ˈɾɛl si] (V) write. ► Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu "I'm sorry for writing in English" forum post.

pamtseo [ˈpam.ʦɛ.o] (N) music. ► "pamtseo = music", "pamtseotu = musician" ([76]).

pamtseotu [ˈpam.ʦɛ.o.tu] (N) musician. ► "pamtseotu = musician" ([77]).

pate [ˈpa.tɛ] (V) get to a place, arrive.

pawm [pawm] (V) ask.

pay [paj] (N) water, liquid.

payfya [ˈpaj.fja] (N) stream.

payoang [paj.ˈo.aŋ] (N) fish.

pähem [ˈpæ.hɛm] (Vin) arrive. ► ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng "no answer has arrived" (AMFP).

pänu·tìng [ˈpæ.nutɪŋ] (V) promise (a thing to someone).

pängkxo [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] (Vin) chat, converse, have a conversation. ► tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" (TO); pängkxo "chat, converse" (CwT).

pätsi [ˈpæ.ʦi] (N) badge.

pe+ [pɛ] (M+) what (connected to a noun).

pe’un [ˈpɛ.ʔun] (Vtr) decide. ► tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot "then I will decide the best way" (AMFP).

pefnel [pɛ.ˈfnɛl] (Q) which kind (alternative form: fnepe). ► (EDM).

pefya [pɛ.ˈfja] (Q) how (alternative form: fyape).

pehem [pɛ.ˈhɛm] (Q) what (action) (alternative form: kempe).

pehrr [pɛ.ˈhr̩ː] (Q) when (time) (alternative form: krrpe).

pelì’u [pɛ.ˈlɪ.ʔu] (Q) what (word, utterance) (alternative form: lì’upe).

pelun [pɛ.ˈlun] (Q) why (alternative form: lumpe). ► Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

peng [pɛŋ] (Vtr) tell, inform. ► ayngaru payeng "I will let you know" (AMFP). Takes futa for report clause, new oe mengaru piveng futa ... forum post.

peseng [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] (Q) where (alternative form: tsengpe).

pesu [pɛ.ˈsu] (Q) who (alternative form: tupe).

peu [pɛ.ˈu] (Pron) what (thing) (alternative form: ’upe). ► "The other form [of ’upe] is peu, stress on the second." ([78] Jan 21).

pewn [pɛwn] (N) neck.

pey [pɛj] (V) wait, wait for. ► tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx "you are all waiting for my guidance" (AMFP); oe perey "I am waiting" (AMFP); oe tsun pivey [I can wait] (CwT).

peyä [pɛjæ] (Pron) his/her (3st person singular). ► peyä "his" (LL).

piak [pi.ˈak] (Adj) open.

piak si [pi.ˈak si] (Vin) open.

pizayu [ˈpi.za.ju] (N) ancestor.

pìmtxan [pɪm.ˈtʼan] (Q) how much (alternative form: hìmtxampe).

plltxe [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] (V) speak (perfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]). ► Plltxe nga nìltsan! "You speak well!" (LL); Oe new pivlltxe (or:) Oel new futa pivlltxe [I want to speak] (CwT); Poltxe Eytukan … "Eytukan said …" ([79] Jan 21).

po [po] (Pron) he/she (3rd person singular). ► pohu "with [whom]" (Lemondrop); Tivìran po ayoekip … "Let her walk among us …" ([80] Jan 09).

poru [po.ɾu] (Dative:) to him/her. ► lu poru mesyal a ikran [an ikran, who has two wings (lit.: to whom are …) ] ([81] Feb 18).
pot [pot] (Accusative:) him/her. ► oel pot ke spaw "I don't believe him" ([82] Jan 21).

poan [po.ˈan] (Pron) he (3rd person singular masculine).

poe [po.ˈɛ] (Pron) she (3rd person singular feminine).

polpxay [pol.ˈpʼaj] (Q) how many (alternative form: holpxaype).

pom [pom] (V) kiss.

pongu [ˈpo.ŋu] (N) group of people, party.

prrnen [ˈpr̩ː.nɛn] (N) infant, baby. ► (MND).

prrnesyul [ˈpr̩ː.nɛ.sjul] (N) bud (of a flower). ► (MND).

prrte’ [ˈpr̩ː.tɛʔ] (Adj) pleasurable (of an activity). ► oeru prrte’ lu … "it's a pleasure [to me] …" (TO).

prrwll [ˈpr̩ː.wl̩ː] (N) moss.

pukap [ˈpu.kap] (Num) six. ► (Numerals).

puvol [ˈpu.vol] (Num) (octal:) 60 (= decimal: 48). ► (Numerals).

PX [pʼ]

pxan [pʼan] (Adj) worthy. ► pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari "only if I am worthy of you" (ASG, Hunt Song).

pxasìk [ˈpʼa.sɪk] (Idiom) Screw that! No way! (vulgar). ► pxasik [sic!] "screw that!" (UGO); pxasìk "Screw it! No way!" (Lemondrop).

pxasul [ˈpʼa.sul] (Adj) fresh, appealing as food.

pxaw [pʼaw] (Adp–) around.

pxawpa [ˈpʼaw.pa] (N) perimeter, circumference, border.

pxay [pʼaj] (Adj) many.

pxe+ [pʼɛ] (M+) trial marker. ► pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng] ([83] Jan 20); pxesìpawm(ìri) [three questions] (Numerals).

pxefo [pʼɛ.fo] (Pron) they (= the three of them) (3st person trial). ► ([84]).

pxel [pʼɛl] (Adp–) like, as.

pxenga [pʼɛ.ŋa] (Pron) you (= the three of you) (2st person trial). ► ([85]).

pxengenga [pʼɛŋɛŋa] (Pron) you (= the three of you) (2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form); ↑ pxenga. ► ([86]).

pxeSrrmrrvam [pʼɛ.sr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvam] (N); (Adv) Thursday (of 3 weeks previous). ► (EDM).

pxeSrrmrrvay [pʼɛ.sr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvaj] (N); (Adv) Thursday (3 weeks out). ► (EDM).

pxevol [ˈpʼɛ.vol] (Num) (octal:) 30 (= decimal: 24). ► (Numerals).

pxey [pʼɛj] (Num) three. ► (Numerals).

pxi [pʼi] (Adj) sharp.

pxim [pʼim] (Adj) erect, upright.

pximaw [pʼi.ˈmaw] (Adv) right after. ► (EDM).

pxiset [pʼi.ˈsɛt] (Adv) right now. ► (EDM).

pxisre [pʼi.ˈsɾɛ] (Adp) right before. ► (EDM).

pxiswawam [pʼi.swaw.ˈam] (Adv) just a moment ago. ► (EDM).

pxiswaway [pʼi.swaw.ˈaj] (Adv) in just a second from now. ► (EDM).

pxiye’rìn [pʼi.ˈjɛʔ.ɾɪn] (Adv) immediately (but not as soon as pxiswaway). ► (EDM).

pxìm [pʼɪm] (Adv) often. ► Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak? "Do you come here often?" (Lemondrop).

pxoe [pʼo.ɛ] (Pron) we (= the three of us) (1st person trial exclusive). ► ([87]).

pxoeng [pʼo.ɛŋ] (Pron) we (= the three of us) (1st person trial inclusive). ► ([88]).

pxohe [pʼo.hɛ] (Pron) we (= the three of us) (1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form); ↑ pxoe. ► The inclusive form is ohe mengengasì [I and (the two of) you] ([89]).

pxor [pʼoɾ] (Vin) explode.

pxun [pʼun] (N) arm.

pxuntil [ˈpʼun.til] (N) elbow.

R [ɾ]

-r [ɾ] (M) dative suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorphs: -ru, -ur ]. ► fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" (AMFP); Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([90] Feb 17).

ral [ɾal] (N) meaning.

ral·peng [ɾal.ˈpɛŋ] (V) interpret.

ramunong [ɾa.ˈmu.noŋ] (N) well. ► Ayvitrayä Ramunong "Well of Souls".

rangal [ˈɾaŋ.al] (V) wish.

rawke [ˈɾaw.kɛ] (Idiom) alarm cry, call to defense.

rä’ä [ɾæ.ˈʔæ] (Part) to form a negative imperative. ► txopu rä’ä si "don't be afraid" (from the film).

re’o [ˈɾɛ.ʔo] (N) head.

rel [ɾɛl] (N) image, picture. ► "rel = image, picture" ([91]).

reltseo [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] (N) visual art. ► "reltseo = visual art" ([92]).

reltseotu [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] (N) artist. ► "reltseotu = artist" ([93]).

renu [ˈɾɛ.nu] (N) pattern.

rey [ɾɛj] (Vin) live. ► Txo new nga rivey, oehu! "Come with me, if you want to live!" (UGO); ke rey a tute "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([94]).

rey’eng [ɾɛj.ˈʔɛŋ] (N) balance of life. ► (EDM).

reypay [ˈɾɛj.paj] (N) blood.

-ri [ɾi] (M) topic suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorph: -ìri ]. ► oeri "I-top" (LL), pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari "only if I am worthy of you" (ASG, Hunt Song).

rikx [ɾikʼ] (Vin) move, shift position.

rim [ɾim] (Adj) yellow. ► Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [lit.: blue and yellow]" (ASG, Weaving Song).

rina’ [ɾi.ˈnaʔ] (N) seed.

riti [ˈɾi.ti] (N) stingbat (zool.).

rìk [ɾɪk] (N) leaf.

ro [ɾo] (Adp+) at (purely locative). ► As in ro fäpa "at the top", ro helku "at home" (post).

rol [ɾol] (V) sing. ► rerol ayoe "we are singing" (ASG, Hunt Song).

-ru [ɾu] (M) dative suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorphs: -r, -ur ]. ► layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn "I will soon have good news" (AMFP); ayngaru seiyi irayo "I thank you" (AMFP).

run [ɾun] (Vtr) find, discover. ► ... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([95]).

rusey [ɾu.ˈsɛj] (N) living thing; (Adj) alive, living.

rutxe [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] (Idiom) please. ► Spivaw oeti rutxe "Please believe me" (AMFP).

S [s]

sa’nok [ˈsaʔ.nok] (N) mother.

sa’nu [ˈsaʔ.nu] (N) mommy.

salew [sa.ˈlɛw] (V) proceed, go.

san [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using sìk. ► Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw "Eytukan said he would go [lit.: Eytukan said ‹quote.in› I will go ‹quote.out›], but I don't believe him" ([96] Jan 21).

sar [saɾ] (Vtr) use. ► tsat sayar oel nìltsan "I will use it well" (Sar, Fìtxan).

sawtute ↑ tawtute.

säfpìl [sæ.ˈfpɪl] (N) idea, thought. ► txantsana aysäfpìl "excellent ideas" (Tag Question).

sänume [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] (N) teaching, instruction. ► sänume "teaching, instruction" (CwT).

sänumvi [sæ.ˈnum.vi] (N) lesson. ► (EDM).

säspxin [sæ.ˈspʼin] (N) disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ tìspxin). ► (MND).

sekrr [ˈsɛ.kr̩ː] (N) present.

sempu [ˈsɛm.pu] (N) daddy.

sempul [ˈsɛm.pul] (N) father.

set [sɛt] (Adv) now. ► awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal "choose one [now]" (ASG, Hunt Song); vay set "up to now" (AMFP); ’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng. [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] (Numerals).

sevin [sɛ.ˈvin] (Adj) pretty (used only for people, Na’vi or humans). ► sevin "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ lor) (LL).

seyri [ˈsɛj.ɾi] (N) lip.

seze [ˈsɛ.zɛ] (N) blue flower (botan.).

si [si] (V) make, do (to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective). ► [kato] oeru teya si "[the rhythm] fills me" (ASG, Weaving Song); ayngaru seiyi irayo "I thank you", tìkangkem s(iv)i "work"; (AMFP).

sim [sim] (Vin) near (= be near).

sì | -sì [sɪ] (Conj) and (also enclitic: A Bsì = A sì B; not to connect sentences, ↑ ulte). ► [kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä … "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" (ASG, Weaving Song); Lu nga win sì txur "You are fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song); Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP); [zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" (AMFP); ’eylan karyusì anygeyä "your friend and teacher" (AMFP).

sìk [sɪk] (M–) to conclude a cited phrase, ↑ san..

sìl·pey [sɪl.ˈpɛj] (V) hope. ► Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn "I hope, I will soon have good news" (AMFP).

sìlronsem [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] (Adj) clever, smart (thing).

sìltsan [sɪl.ˈʦan] (Adj) good. ► sìltsana fmawn "good news" (AMFP).

sìn [sɪn] (Adp–) on, onto (?).

sìpawm ↑ tìpawm.

sìrey ↑ tìrey.

ska’a [ska.ˈʔa] (Vtr) destroy. ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([97]).

skepek [skɛ.pɛk] (Adj) formal.

skien [ˈski.ɛn] (Adj) right (not left).

skxakep [ˈskʼa.kɛp] (Adj) probable; (Adv) probably.

skxawng [skʼawŋ] (N) moron, idiot. ► skxawng "moron" (UGO).

skxom [skʼom] (N) chance, opportunity.

slä [slæ] (Conj) but. ► Slä nìawnomum "But as you know" (AMFP); Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([98] Jan 21).

sleyku [slɛj.ˈku] (Vtr) produce.

slu [slu] (V) become. ► "slu = 'become'" ([99] Jan 21); Oeyä ikran slivu nga "Be my ikran" (Lemondrop); X nìNa’vi slu ’upe? "How do you say X in Na’vi?" [lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?] ([100] Jan 21).

snumìna [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] (Adj) dim (of a person).

sngap [sŋap] (Vtr) sting.

sngä’i [ˈsŋæ.ʔi] (Vin) begin, start (something is beginning). ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit "I began the work" ([101] Feb 15).

sngä’ikrr [ˈsŋæ.ʔi.kr̩ː] (N) beginning, start time.

sngel [sŋɛl] (N) garbage.

sngeltseng [ˈsŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] (N) garbage dump. ► "Sngeltseng means garbage dump." (UGO).

soaia [so.ˈa.i.a] (N) family.

sok [sok] (Adj) recent. ► (EDM).

sokx ↑ tokx.

som [som] (Adj) hot.

sop [sop] (Vin) travel.

spaw [spaw] (Vtr + accusative of the person) believe. ► Spivaw oeti rutxe "Please believe me" (AMFP); oel pot ke spaw "I don't believe him" ([102] Jan 21).

spä [spæ] (Vin) jump.

spe’e [spɛ.ˈʔɛ] (Vtr) capture.

spe’etu [spɛ.ˈʔɛ.tu] (N) captive.

speng [spɛŋ] (V) restore.

spule [ˈspu.lɛ] (Vtr) propel.

spuwin [ˈspu.win] (Adj) old (not for people), former.

spxam [spʼam] (N) fungus.

spxin [spʼin] (Adj) sick. ► (MND).

srak [sɾak] (or) srake [ˈsɾa.kɛ] (M) to indicate a yes-no-question. ► Ngaru lu fpom srak? "Do you have a sense of well-being?" (VF); Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak? "Do you come here often?" (Lemondrop).

sran ↑ srane.

srane [ˈsɾa.nɛ] (Idiom) yes. ► Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli. [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] (Auxilary verb SI); colloquial form: sran "yeah".

sraw [sɾaw] (Adj) painful. ► (EDM).

sre [sɾɛ] (Adp+) before (time).

sre’ [sɾɛʔ] (N) tooth.

srekrr [sɾɛ.kr̩ː] (Adv) before (time).

srese’a [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈʔa] (V) prophesy, predict.

srew [sɾɛw] (Vin) dance.

srung [sɾuŋ] (N) help, assistance.

srung si [sɾuŋ si] (Vin) help.

stawm [stawm] (Vtr) hear. ► ’upxaret stolawm oel "I have heard the message" (AMFP).

stä’nì [ˈstæʔ.nɪ] (Vtr) catch.

steftxaw [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] (Vtr) examine, check.

steyki [stɛj.ˈki] (Vtr) anger, make (someone) angry.

sti [sti] (Vin) angry (= be angry).

sto [sto] (V) refuse (to do something).

stum [stum] (Adv) almost.

stxong [stʼoŋ] (Adj) strange, unfamiliar, unknown.

sung [suŋ] (Vtr) add.

sute ↑ tute.

sutx [sutʼ] (Vtr) track, follow, lock up.

swaw [swaw] (N) moment.

swey [swɛj] (Adj) best (↔ ’e’al). ► paye’un sweya fya’ot "I will decide the best way" (AMFP); "'Best' is simply swey" ([103] Dec 20).

swirä [swi.ˈɾæ] (N) creature.

swizaw [swi.ˈzaw] (N) arrow. ► Oeyä swizaw … "[Let] my arrow …" (ASG, Hunt Song).

swok [swok] (Adj) sacred.

swotu [ˈswo.tu] (N) sacred place. ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([104]).

syal ↑ tsyal.

syaw [sjaw] (Vin) call, name. ► Fyape fko syaw ngar? "What is your name?" (lit.: How does one call (to) you?), Oeru syaw fko Neytiri "My name is Neytiri", the subject fko may be omitted: Oeru syaw Tseyk "My name is Jake" (RaN).

syay [sjaj] (N) fate.

syä’ä [ˈsjæ.ʔæ] (Adj) bitter.

syen [sjɛn] (Adj) last, final.

syep [sjɛp] (Vtr) trap.

syulang [ˈsju.laŋ] (N) flower. ► (MND).

syuve [ˈsju.vɛ] (N) food.

T [t]

-t [t] (M) accusative suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorphs: -ti, -it ]. ► Katot täftxu oel "I weave the rhythm" (ASG, Weaving Song); ’upxaret stolawm oel "I have heard the message" (AMFP); paye’un sweya fya’ot "I will decide the best way" (AMFP).

ta [ta] (Adp–) from (different usages). ► oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u "my nose is full from his smell"; Markusì ta Ngalwey "Markus from Galway" (AMFP); Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" (AMFP).

ta’em [ta.ˈʔɛm] (Adv) from above.

ta’leng [ˈta.ʔlɛŋ] (N) skin.

tafkip [ta.ˈfkip] (Adp–) from up among.

tafral [ta.ˈfɾal] (Adv) therefore, because of that. ► (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

takip [ta.ˈkip] (Adp–) from among.

takuk [ˈta.kuk] (Vtr) strike, hit one's target. ► Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" (ASG, Hunt Song).

talioang [ˈtal.i.ˈo.aŋ] (N) sturmbeast (zool.).

talun [ta.ˈlun] (or) taluna [ta.ˈlun.a] (Conj) because. ► (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

tam [tam] (Vin) suffice, "do"; (Idiom) All right! OK! ► Tsun tivam [It's ok; lit.: It is able to do it] (Ok).

tanhì [tan.ˈhɪ] (N) bioluminescent freckle, star.

tangek [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] (N) trunk (of a tree).

taron [ˈta.ɾon] (Vtr) hunt. ► taron "hunt" (LL); Neytiril yerikit tolaron "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" (MSNBC).

taronyu [ˈta.ɾon.ju] (N) hunter.

tatep [ˈta.tɛp] (Vtr) lose.

tatlam [tat.ˈlam] (Adv) apparently.

taw [taw] (N) sky. ► "Tawsìp is actually 'sky ship'" (UGO); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or tawtute" (MSNBC).

taweyk [ta.ˈwɛjk] (or) taweyka [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] (Conj) because. ► (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

tawng [tawŋ] (Vin) dive, duck.

tawsìp [ˈtaw.sɪp] (N) spaceship. ► "Tawsìp is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." (UGO).

tawtute [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] (N) human (lit.: 'sky person'; short plural: sawtute). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or tawtute, while the plural (Sky People) is aysawtute or simply sawtute" (MSNBC).

täftxu [tæ.ˈftʼu] (Vtr) weave. ► Katot täftxu oel "I weave the rhythm" (ASG, Weaving Song).

täftxuyu [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] (N) weaver.

tätxaw [tæ.ˈtʼaw] (Vin) return. ► maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw "we will return after a short time" (Zenke).

te [tɛ] (Part) a particle used in full names.

te’lan ↑ txe’lan.

tel [tɛl] (Vtr) receive. ► tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr "when I receive an answer" (AMFP).

telem [tɛ.ˈlɛm] (N) cord.

tem [tɛm] (Vin) shoot. ► See also toltem.

teng [tɛŋ] (Adj) equal, same. ► Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

tengfya [ˈtɛŋ.fja] (Conj) as (= same way as).

tengkrr [tɛŋ.ˈkr̩ː] (Conj) while (= same time as).

teri [tɛ.ˈɾi] (Adp–) about, concerning. ► "teri (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" (Vocabulary and <iyev>).

terkup [ˈtɛɾ.kup] (Vin) die.

teswo·tìng [tɛ.ˈswo.tɪŋ] (V) grant.

tete [ˈtɛ.tɛ] (Adj) dull (as a blade).

tewti [ˈtɛw.ti] (Idiom) expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► Tewti, ma Prrton! "Wow, Prrton!" (LL).

teyr [tɛjɾ] (Adj) white.

teya [tɛ.ˈja] (Adj) full (ta … – of …). ► Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu. "My nose is full of his smell" (LL).

teya si [tɛ.ˈja si] (Vin + dative) fill, make full. ► [kato] oeru teya si "[the rhythm] fills me" (ASG, Weaving Song).

teylu [ˈtɛj.lu] (N) beetle larva(e) (zool.; acc.: teylut). ► Oe new yivom teylut "I want to eat teylu" ([105] Jan 20).

-ti [ti] (M) accusative suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorphs: -t, -it ]. ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO); Spivaw oeti rutxe "Please believe me" (AMFP).

til [til] (N) joint, hinge.

tirea [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] (N) spirit.

tireafya’o [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.ʔo] (N) spirit path.

tireaioang [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] (N) spirit animal (Na’vi culture). ► Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" (Krr).

tirea·pängkxo [tiɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] (V) commune (about intimate contact). ► ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" (Lemondrop).

tì- [tɪ] (M–) to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► tìftia "the study" (SciMag); tìngay "truth" (ASG, Hunt Song); tìfyawìntxu(ri) "guidance" (AMFP).

tì’awm [tɪ.ˈʔawm] (N) camping.

tì’awm si [tɪ.ˈʔawm si] (Vin) camp.

tì’awpo [tɪ.ˈʔaw.po] (N) individuality (neg. connotation); selfishness.

tì’efu [tɪ.ˈʔɛ.fu] (N) feeling. ► (EDM).

tì’efumì oeyä [tɪ.ˈʔɛ.fu.mɪ o.ɛ.jæ] (Idiom) "In my opinion". ► (EDM).

tì’eylan [tɪ.ˈʔɛj.lan] (N) friendship.

tì’eyng [tɪ.ˈʔɛjŋ] (N) answer, response. ► ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng "no answer has arrived" (AMFP).

tì’i’a [tɪ.ˈʔiʔ.a] (N) ending, conclusion.

tì’i’avay krrä [tɪ.ˈʔiʔ.a.vaj ˈkr̩ː.æ] (Idiom) forever, ’til the end of time (poetic). ► the "poetic" meaning is "until the end of time" (source).

tìfmetok [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] (N) test.

tìfnu [tɪ.ˈfnu] (N) quiet, silence.

tìftang [tɪ.ˈftaŋ] (N) stopping.

tìftia [tɪ.fti.ˈa] (N) study. ► tìftia kifkeyä "the study of the physical world ['science']" (SciMag).

tìftxey [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] (N) choice. ► Lu ngeyä tìftxey [It's your choice] ([106] Jan 21).

tìfyawìntxu [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] (N) guidance. ► tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx "you are all waiting for my guidance" (AMFP).

tìhawl [tɪ.ˈhawl] (N) preparations, plan.

tìhawnu [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] (N) protection.

tìkan [tɪ.ˈkan] (N) aim, goal, purpose, target.

tìkanu [tɪ.ˈka.nu] (N) intelligence.

tìkangkem [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] (N) work.

tìkangkem si [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] (Vin) work. ► zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu … "I must work together with those …" (AMFP).

tìkawng [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] (N) evil.

tìkenong [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] (N) example.

tìketeng [tɪ.ˈkɛ.tɛŋ] (N) difference. ► (EDM).

tìkin [tɪ.ˈkin] (N) need.

tìkxey [tɪ.ˈkʼɛj] (N) incorrectness, mistakeness. ► (EDM).

ngaru tìkxey [ŋa.ɾu tɪ.ˈkʼɛj] (Idiom) You're wrong. ► (EDM).

tìkxey si [tɪ.ˈkʼɛj si] (Vin) mess up, foul, do wrong. ► (EDM).

tìlam [tɪ.ˈlam] (N) appearance.

tìlaw [tɪ.ˈlaw] (N) clarification (?). ► tìlaw ta Prrton "clarification (?) by Prrton" (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

tìm [tɪm] (Adj) low.

tìme’em [tɪ.ˈmɛ.ʔɛm] (N) harmony (general sense). ► (EDM).

tìmuntxa [tɪ.mun.ˈtʼa] (N) mating, Na'vi marriage.

tìmweypey [tɪm.ˈwɛj.pɛj] (N) patience. ► (EDM).

tìng [tɪŋ] (V) give. ► fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" (AMFP); "tìng 'give'" ([107] Dec 31).

tìng mikyun [tɪm ˈmik.jun] (V) listen.
tìng nari [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] (V) see. ► Tìng nari nekll "See below" ([108]).
tìng tseng [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] (Vin) back down.

tìngay [tɪ.ˈŋaj] (N) truth. ► oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk "Let the truth strike my heart" (ASG, Hunt Song).

tìngop [tɪ.ˈŋop] (N) creation. ► (EDM).

tìpawm [tɪ.ˈpawm] (N) question (short plural: sìpawm). ► Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo [I thank you for your questions] ([109] Jan 19).

tìpähem [tɪ.ˈpæ.hɛm] (N) arrival.

tìpängkxo [tɪ.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] (N) conversation, discussion.

tìpe’un [tɪ.ˈpɛ.ʔun] (N) decision.

tìprrte’ [tɪ.ˈpr̩ː.tɛʔ] (N) pleasure.

tìran [tɪ.ˈɾan] (Vin) walk. ► Terìran ayoe "We are walking" (ASG, Hunt Song); Tivìran po ayoekip … "Let her walk among us …" ([110] Jan 09).

tìrey [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] (N) life (short plural: sìrey). ► ’ìheyu sìreyä "the spiral of the lives" (ASG, Weaving Song); mì oeyä letrra tìrey "in my daily life" (CwT).

tìrol [tɪ.ˈɾol] (N) song.

tìska’a [tɪ.ska.ˈʔa] (N) destruction.

tìsop [tɪ.ˈsop] (N) journey.

tìspxin [tɪ.ˈspʼin] (N) sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ säspxin). ► (MND).

tìsraw [tɪ.ˈsɾaw] (N) pain. ► (EDM).

tìsraw seyki [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] (Vtr) hurt (someone or something).

tìsraw si [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] (Vin) hurt, be painful.

tìsrese’a [tɪ.ˈsɾɛ.sɛ.ʔa] (N) prophecy.

tìsteftxaw [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] (N) examination. ► Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan! [Your examination succeeded well!] ([111] Jan 20).

tìsti [tɪ.ˈsti] (N) anger.

tìtaron [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] (N) (the) hunting. ► Tìtaron lu lehrrap "Hunting is dangerous" [Your examination succeeded well!] ([112] Jan 20).

tìtxanew [tɪ.ˈtʼa.nɛw] (N) greed.

tìtxula [tɪ.ˈtʼu.la] (N) construction, constructed thing.

tìtxur [tɪ.ˈtʼuɾ] (N) strength, power.

tìtslam [tɪ.ˈʦlam] (N) understanding, intelligence.

tìvawm [tɪ.ˈvawm] (N) darkness.

tìyawn [tɪ.ˈjawn] (N) love. ► Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

tìyawr [tɪ.ˈjawɾ] (N) correctness. ► (EDM).

ngaru tìyawr [ŋa.ɾu tɪ.ˈjawɾ] (Idiom) You're right. ► (EDM).

to [to] (M–) comparative marker: than. ► po to oe lu sìltsan "she is better than I" (Adjective Comparatives).

tok [tok] (Vtr) be at, occupy a space.

toktor [ˈtok.toɾ] (N) doctor.

tokx [tokʼ] (N) body (short plural: sokx). ► tokx "body", sokx "bodies" (LL).

toltem [tol.ˈtɛm] (Vtr) shoot. ► See also tem.

tompa [ˈtom.pa] (N) rain. ► Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato … "The rhythm of rain and sun …" (ASG, Weaving Song).

ton ↑ txon.

toruk [ˈto.ɾuk] (N) great leonopteryx (zool.).

Toruk makto [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] (NP) Rider of the last shadow (legendary hero of the Na’vi). ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([113]).

trr [tr̩ː] (N) day. ► [kato] trrä sì txonä "[the rhythm] of night and day [lit.: day and night]" (ASG, Weaving Song); oe tsun pivey trrit a … [I can wait for the day, that …] (CwT).

Fìtrr lu trrpeve? [fɪ.tr̩ː lu tr̩ː.ˈpɛ.vɛ] (Idiom) "What day is it today?". ► (EDM).

Trr’awve [tr̩ː.ˈʔaw.vɛ] (N) Sunday.

trray [tr̩ː.ˈaj] (Adv) tomorrow.

Trrkive [tr̩ː.ˈki.vɛ] (N) Saturday.

Trrmuve [tr̩ː.ˈmu.vɛ] (N) Monday.

Trrmrrvam [tr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvam] (N); (Adv) Thursday (of the previous week). ► (EDM).

Trrmrrvay [tr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvaj] (N); (Adv) Thursday (of the next week coming up). ► (EDM).

Trrmrrve [tr̩ː.ˈmr̩ː.vɛ] (N) Thursday.

Trrpuve [tr̩ː.ˈpu.vɛ] (N) Friday.

Trrpxeyve [tr̩ː.ˈpʼɛj.vɛ] (N) Tuesday.

Trrtsìve [tr̩ː.ˈʦɪ.vɛ] (N) Wednesday.

-tu [tu] (M) ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also -yu. ► "reltseotu = artist" ([114]).

tukru [tuk.ˈɾu] (N) spear. ► oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk "let my spear strike the heart" (ASG, Hunt Song).

tul [tul] (Vin) run.

tung [tuŋ] (V) allow.

tung·zup [tuŋ.ˈzup] (Vtr) drop.

tup [tup] (Conj) instead of, rather than.

tupe [ˈtu.pɛ] (Q) who (alternative form: pesu).

tut [tut] (Part) particle of continuation. ► Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut? "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" (RaN).

tute [ˈtu.tɛ] (N) person (short plural: sute). ► tute "person" (LL).

tutan [tu.ˈtan] (N) male person.

tute [tu.ˈtɛ] (N) female person. ► tute "female person" (LL).

tuvon [ˈtu.von] (V) lean.

TX [tʼ]

txa’ [tʼaʔ] (Adj) hard.

txampay [ˈtʼam.paj] (N) sea, ocean.

txampxì [tʼam.ˈpʼɪ] (N) majority, most, large part. ► (EDM).

txan [tʼan] (Adj) great (in quantity), much; long (of time).

txanew [ˈtʼa.nɛw] (Adj) greedy.

txantur [ˈtʼan.tuɾ] (Adj) powerful.

txantsan [ˈtʼan.ʦan] (Adj) excellent. ► "txantsan = excellent" (Fused -iv-infixes); Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga! [You are an excellent artist!] ([115]).

txantslusam [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] (Adj) wise, much-knowing. ► lu nga txantslusam "you are wise" (ASG, Hunt Song).

txantstew [ˈtʼan.ʦtɛw] (N) hero.

txayo [ˈtʼa.jo] (N) field, open terrain.

txe’lan [tʼɛʔ.ˈlan] (N) heart (short plural: te’lan). ► sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi … "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" (ASG, Weaving Song).

txele [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] (N) matter (subject). ► lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe "we have many matters to talk about" (Tag Question).

txen [tʼɛn] (Adj) awake.

txep [tʼɛp] (N) fire.

txepvi [ˈtʼɛp.vi] (N) spark.

txey [tʼɛj] (V) halt.

txìm [tʼɪm] (N) butt, ass, rear end.

txìng [tʼɪŋ] (V) leave, abandon.

txo [tʼo] (Conj) if (… tsakrr – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: Txo new nga rivey, oehu! "Come with me, if you want to live!" (UGO); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr … "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" (ASG, Hunt Song).

txoa [ˈtʼo.a] (N) forgiveness.

txokefyaw [ˈtʼo.kɛ.fjaw] (Conj) if not, or else, otherwise.

txon [tʼon] (N) night (short plural: ton). ► [kato] trrä sì txonä "[the rhythm] of night and day [lit.: day and night]" (ASG, Weaving Song); Txon lefpom (livu ngar) "(It may be to you a) good night" ([116] Jan 31); Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

txonam [tʼo.ˈnam] (Adv) last night.

txonay [tʼo.ˈnaj] (Adv) tomorrow night.

txopu [ˈtʼo.pu] (N) fear.

txula [ˈtʼu.la] (V) build, construct. ► "txula (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" (Auxilary verb SI).

txum [tʼum] (N) poison.

txur [tʼuɾ] (Adj) strong. ► Lu nga win sì txur "You are fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song).

TS (= C) [ʦ]

tsa- [ʦa] (M-) distal demonstrative prefix. ► (History of tsaw).

tsa’u [ˈʦa.ʔu] (Pron) it (thing) (alternative form: tsaw). ► (History of tsaw).

tsa’ut [ˈʦa.ʔut] (or) tsa’uti [ˈʦa.ʔu.ti] (Accusative:) it (alternative form: tsat, tsati).

tsafya [ˈʦa.fja] (Adv) that way, like that.

tsaheyl si [ʦa.ˈhɛjl si] (Vin) bond with, establish a neural connection.

tsaheylu [ʦa.ˈhɛj.lu] (N) bond (neural connection).

Tsahìk [ˈʦa.hɪk] (NP) Tsahik, matriarch.

tsakem [ˈʦa.kɛm] (or) tsakem [ʦa.ˈkɛm] (Pron) that (action); (plural: tsahem). ► tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" (GMA).

tsakrr [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] (N) that time; (Adv) at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr … "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" (ASG, Hunt Song); tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot "I will then decide the best way" (AMFP). About krr being a noun used averbially see also (Krr noun vs. adverb).

tsakrrvay [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː.vaj] (Adv) until then, in the meantime. ► (EDM).

tsam [ʦam] (N) war.

tsampongu [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] (N) war party.

tsamsiyu [ˈʦam.si.ju] (N) warrior.

tsap’alute [ʦap.ˈʔa.lutɛ] (N) apology. ► Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe "I apologize for this moron" (TO).

tsap’alute si [ʦap.ˈʔa.lutɛ si] (Vin) apologize. ► Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe "I apologize for this moron" (TO).

tsatu [ˈʦa.tu] (Pron) that person.

tsatseng [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] (or) tsatseng [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] (Adv) there, that place.

tsaw [ʦaw] (Pron) it (thing) (alternative form: tsa’u). ► (History of tsaw).

tsal [ʦal] (Ergative:) it.
tseyä [ˈʦɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) its.
tsar [ʦaɾ] (or) tsaru [ˈʦa.ɾu] (Dative:) it.
tsat [ʦat] (or) tsati [ˈʦa.ti] (Accusative:) it (alternative form: tsa’ut, tsa’uti).
tsari [ˈʦa.ɾi] (Topic:) it.

tsawke [ˈʦaw.kɛ] (N) sun. ► Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato … "The rhythm of rain and sun …" (ASG, Weaving Song).

tsawl [ʦawl] (Adj) big (in size or stature); tall.

tsawl slu [ʦawl slu] (Vin) grow.

tsä’ [ʦæʔ] (V) squirt.

tse [ʦɛ] (Idiom) Well … (indicates resumption of conversation, or introduces a remark).

tse’a [ʦɛ.ˈʔa] (Vtr) see (physical sense). ► Oel tsìme’a tsenget a … "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([117]).

tseng [ʦɛŋ] (or) tsenge [ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] (N) place. ► Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] (or) tsengit [tseng-it] a … "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([118]).

tsengpe [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] (Q) where? (alternative form: peseng).

tseo [ˈʦɛ.o] (N) art. ► "tseo = art"; "reltseotu = artist" ([119]).

tsewtx [ʦɛwtʼ] (Adj) dirty.

tsim [ʦim] (N) source.

tsìng [ʦɪŋ] (Num) four. ► (Numerals).

tsìvol [ˈʦɪ.vol] (Num) (octal:) 40 (= decimal: 32). ► (Numerals).

tsko [ʦko] (N) bow (weapon).

tsko swizaw [ʦko swi.ˈzaw] (N) bow and arrow.

tskxe [ʦkʼɛ] (N) rock, stone. ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([120]).

tskxekeng [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] (N) training, exercise.

tslam [ʦlam] (Vtr) understand. ► Tslolam srak? "Did you get it?" (Reflexives).

tsleng [ʦlɛŋ] (Adj) false.

tsmuk [ʦmuk] (or) tsmuktu [ˈʦmuk.tu] (N) sibling.

tsmukan [ˈʦmu.kan] (N) brother.

tsmuke [ˈʦmu.kɛ] (N) sister.

tsnì [ʦnɪ] (Conj) that (introducing clauses after certain verbs).

tsngal [ʦŋal] (N) cup.

tsngan [ʦŋan] (N) meat.

tsngawvìk [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] (Vin) cry, weep.

tsopì [ˈʦo.pɪ] (N) lung.

tspang [ʦpaŋ] (Vtr) kill.

tsranten [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] (Vin) matter, be of import(ance). ► ke tsranten [it doesn't matter] (Why is).

tsray [ʦɾaj] (N) village.

tsre’i [ˈʦɾɛ.ʔi] (Vtr) throw.

tstal [ʦtal] (N) knife.

tstew [ʦtɛw] (Adj) brave.

tstu [ʦtu] (Adj) closed, shut.

tstu si [ʦtu si] (Vin) close.

tstxo [ʦtʼo] (N) name. ► "tstxo = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see syaw (RaN).

tstxolì’u [ˈʦtʼo.lɪ.ʔu] (N) noun.

tsuksìm [ˈʦuk.sɪm] (N) chin.

tsun [ʦun] (Vin + subjunctive) be able, can. ► Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" (TO); fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" (AMFP); Oe tsun kivä "I can go" (CwT).

tsunslu [ˈʦun.slu] (Vin) may, be possible.

tsurokx [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] (V) rest.

tswa’ [ʦwaʔ] (V) forget. ► (EDM).

tswayon [ˈʦwaj.on] (Vin) fly.

tsyal [ʦjal] (N) wing. ► mesyalhu a ikran "an ikran with two wings" ([121] Feb 18).

tsyo [ʦjo] (N) flour.

tsyokx [ʦjokʼ] (N) hand.

tsyosyu [ˈʦjo.sju] (N) food made from flour. ► (EDM).

U [u]

ukxo [u.ˈkʼo] (Adj) dry.

ulte [ˈul.tɛ] (Conj) and (to connect sentences; in contrast to ↑ sì) ► Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" (FL); Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo "I see you, my friends, and I thank you" (AMFP).

ultxa [ul.ˈtʼa] (N) meeting.

ultxa si (hu) [ul.ˈtʼa si hu] (Vin) meet (with someone) (an intentional meeting).

ultxa·run [ul.ˈtʼa.ɾun] (V) encounter, meet someone (by chance).

unil [ˈu.nil] (N) dream.

Uniltaron [ˈu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] (N) Dream Hunt (Na’vi culture). ► fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" (AMFP).

uniltìrantokx [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] (N) avatar (lit.: dreamwalker body). ► fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" (AMFP).

Uniltìranyu [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] (N) dreamwalker.

uo [ˈu.o] (Adp–) behind.

‹us› [u.s] (Inf pre-1) turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using a- | -a. ► Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([122]).

utral [ˈut.ɾal] (N) tree.

Utral Aymokriyä [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] (N) Tree of Voices. ► (Lemondrop).

-ur [uɾ] (M) dative suffix (in case of the word ending on a consonant) [allomorphs: -ur, -r ]. ► Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

uvan [u.ˈvan] (N) game. ► (MND).

uvan si [u.ˈvan si] (Vin) play. ► (MND).

‹uy› [u.j] (Inf 2) to indicate formal speech ‹form›. ► tayaruyon "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([123]).

V [v]

vawm [vawm] (Adj) dark.

vay [vaj] (Adp–) up to (several senses). ► vay set "up to now" (AMFP); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([124] Feb 01).

vaykrr [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] (Conj) until. ► "vaykrr (Conj): until" ([125] Feb 01).

vä’ [væʔ] (Adj) unpleasant to the senses.

venu [ˈvɛ.nu] (N) foot.

venzek [ˈvɛn.zɛk] (N) toe.

vey [vɛj] (N) food of animal origin; flesh. ► (EDM).

virä [vi.ˈɾæ] (V) spread, proliferate.

vofu [vo.ˈfu] (Num) (octal:) 16 (= decimal: 14). ► (Numerals).

vohin [vo.ˈhin] (Num) (octal:) 17 (= decimal: 15). ► (Numerals).

vol [vol] (Num) (octal:) 10 (= decimal: 8). ► (Numerals).

vo+ [vo] (or) vol+ [vol] (M+) morpheme in numerals: before zam meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng … [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, … [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] (Numerals).

volaw [vol.ˈaw] (Num) (octal:) 11 (= decimal: 9). ► (Numerals).

vomun [vo.ˈmun] (Num) (octal:) 12 (= decimal: 10). ► (Numerals).

vozam [vo.zam] (Num) (octal:) 1000 (= decimal: 512). ► (Numerals).

vrrtep [ˈvr̩ː.tɛp] (N) demon. ► Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì "These demons are forbidden here" (TO).

vul [vul] (N) branch (of a tree).

vur [vuɾ] (N) story.

vurvi [ˈvuɾ.vi] (N) summary, synopsis. ► (EDM).

W [w]

way [waj] (N) song.

waytelem [ˈwaj.tɛ.lɛm] (N) songcord.

wä [wæ] (Adp+) against (as in: fight against).

wem [wɛm] (Vin) fight. ► ayoe ke wasyem "we will not fight" (Intentional Future).

wempongu [ˈwɛm.po.ŋu] (N) squad, military clan, battle party.

wew [wɛw] (Adj) cold.

weyn [wɛjn] (V) draw, illustrate.

win [win] (Adj) fast. ► Lu nga win sì txur "You are fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song).

win säpi [win sæ.pi] (Vin) hurry.

win si [win si] (Vin) rush something, make somthing fast.

wìntxu [wɪn.ˈtʼu] (V) show.

wok [wok] (Adj) loud.

wotx [wotʼ] (N) totality, whole.

wrrpa [ˈwr̩ː.pa] (N) outside; (Adv) outside.

wutso [ˈwu.ʦo] (N) dinner, served meal.

Y [j]

ya [ja] (N) air. ► (MND).

yawntu [ˈjawn.tu] (or) yawnetu [ˈjaw.nɛ.tu] (N) loved one.

yawne [ˈjaw.nɛ] (Adj) beloved. ► "yawne means 'beloved'" ([126] Jan 20); Nga yawne lu oer "I love you" ([127] Jan 21).

yayo [ˈja.jo] (N) bird.

-yä [jæ] (M) genitive suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorph: -ä ]. ► Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato … "The rhythm of rain and sun …" (ASG, Weaving Song); eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP); Utral Aymokriyä "Tree of Voices" (Lemondrop).

yän [jæn] (Vtr) fasten, tie down.

ye’rìn [ˈjɛʔ.ɾɪn] (Adv) soon. ► Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn "I hope, I will soon have good news" (AMFP).

yem [jɛm] (Vtr) put, place.

yemfpay [jɛm.ˈfpaj] (N) dipping, immersion (into a liquid).

yemfpay si [jɛm.ˈfpaj si] (V) dip (into a liquid).

yerik [ˈjɛ.ɾik] (N) yerik, hexapede (zool.) [Sexcruscervus caeruleus (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi (ASG, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede (yerik), you would say Neytiril yerikit tolaron [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" (MSNBC).

yey [jɛj] (Adj) straight.

yìm [jɪm] (Vtr) bind.

yol [jol] (Adj) short (time).

yom [jom] (Vtr) eat. ► "yom 'eat'" ([128] Dec 31); Oe new yivom teylut "I want to eat teylu" ([129] Jan 20).

yom·tìng [ˈjom.tɪŋ] (Vin + dative) feed. ► [ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng "[choose] one, who will feed the People" (ASG, Hunt Song); "yomtìng, a compound: yom 'eat' + tìng 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([130] Dec 31).

-yu [ju] (M) ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also -tu. ► ([131]); taronyu [hunter].

yur [juɾ] (V) wash. ► oe yäpur "I wash myself" (Reflexives).

Z [z]

za’ärìp [za.ˈʔæ.ɾɪp] (Vtr) pull.

za’u [ˈza.ʔu] (Vin) come. ► [ayoe] zera’u "We are coming" (ASG, Hunt Song); Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak? "Do you come here often?" (Lemondrop).

zam [zam] (Num) (octal:) 100 (= decimal: 64). ► (Numerals).

zamunge [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] (Vtr) bring. ► fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" (AMFP); paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar … "I will decide the best way to bring you …" (AMFP).

zapxì [za.ˈpʼɪ] (N) front (front part or section).

zazam [za.zam] (Num) (octal:) 10,000 (= decimal: 4096). ► (Numerals).

zawng [zawŋ] (Vin) scream.

zekwä [ˈzɛk.wæ] (N) finger. ► (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

zene [ˈzɛ.nɛ] (Vin + subjunctive) must. ► livu win sì txur oe zene "I must be fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song); zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu … "I must work together with those …" (AMFP); Oe zene kivä "I must go" (CwT). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in nga ke zene kivä "you don't have to go" (Zenke); see also zenke.

zenke [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] (Vin) must not. ► nga zenke kivä! "you must not go!" (Zenke). Note anomalous spelling. See also zene.

zerok [ˈzɛ.ɾok] (V) remember. ► (EDM).

zize’ [zi.ˈzɛʔ] (N) hellfire wasp.

zìsìt [ˈzɪ.sɪt] (N) year. ► ayzìsìtä kato "the rhyhtm of the years" (ASG, Weaving Song); Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru! [Happy New Year to You!] ([132] Dec 31).

zong [zoŋ] (V) save, defend.

zongtseng [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] (N) safe place, refuge.

zoplo [zop.ˈlo] (N) offense, insult.

zup [zup] (Vin) fall.

zusawkrr [zu.ˈsaw.kr̩ː] (N) future time, future; (Adv) in the future. ► aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng "the others (I) will answer in the future" (Numerals).

@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
-== ’ (Apostrophe) [Ɂ] ==
+== ’ (Apostrophe) [ʔ] ==
-'''{{acc|’am}}pi''' [ˈɁam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.
+'''{{acc|’am}}pi''' [ˈʔam.pi] ''(Vtr)'' touch.
-'''{{acc|’a}}ngo''' [ˈɁa.ŋo] ''(Adj)'' soft (of a sound).
+'''{{acc|’a}}ngo''' [ˈʔa.ŋo] ''(Adj)'' soft (of a sound).
-'''’aw''' [Ɂaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).
+'''’aw''' [ʔaw] ''(Num)'' one. ► ''’awa tìpawm(ìri)'' [one question] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).
-'''’awkx''' [Ɂawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.
+'''’awkx''' [ʔawkʼ] ''(N)'' cliff.
-'''’aw{{acc|li}}e''' [Ɂaw.ˈli.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' once ''(in the past)''. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
+'''’aw{{acc|li}}e''' [ʔaw.ˈli.ɛ] ''(Adv)'' once ''(in the past)''. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
-'''’awm''' [Ɂawm] ''(N)'' camp.
+'''’awm''' [ʔawm] ''(N)'' camp.
-'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈɁaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).
+'''{{acc|’aw}}po''' [ˈʔaw.po] ''(Pron)'' one (individual/person) ''(acc.: ’awpot).'' ► ''ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal'' "so choose one" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).
-'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [Ɂaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''’awsi{{acc|teng}}''' [ʔaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] ''(Adv)'' together. ► ''zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu …'' "I must work together with those …" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [Ɂaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.
+'''’awsteng{{acc|yem}}''' [ʔaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] ''(Vtr)'' join ''(two things together)''.
-'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}}).
+'''{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [ˈʔaw.vɛ] ''(Adj)'' first. ► ''koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng'' "the first rule of living together" ({{Corpus GMA}}).
-'''’än{{acc|syem}}''' [Ɂæn.ˈsjɛm] ''(Adj)'' complete.
+'''’än{{acc|syem}}''' [ʔæn.ˈsjɛm] ''(Adj)'' complete.
-'''{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' move (something).
+'''{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [ˈʔæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' move (something).
-'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈɁɛ.Ɂal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey)''.
+'''{{acc|’e}}’al''' [ˈʔɛ.ʔal] ''(Adj)'' worst ''(↔ swey)''.
-'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''{{acc|’e}}fu''' [ˈʔɛ.fu] ''(Vtr)'' feel, sense, perceive. ► ''Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit'' "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''{{acc|’e}}fu o{{acc|hakx}}''' [ˈɁɛ.fu o.ˈhakʼ] ''(Vin)'' be hungry. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
+'''{{acc|’e}}fu o{{acc|hakx}}''' [ˈʔɛ.fu o.ˈhakʼ] ''(Vin)'' be hungry. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
-'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈɁɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.
+'''{{acc|’e}}ko''' [ˈʔɛ.ko] ''(Vtr)'' attack.
-'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈɁɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).
+'''{{acc|’e}}kong''' [ˈʔɛ.koŋ] ''(N)'' beat ''(rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat)''. ► ''’ekong te’lanä'' "the beat of the hearts" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).
-'''’em''' [Ɂɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.
+'''’em''' [ʔɛm] ''(Vtr)'' cook.
-'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈɁɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.
+'''{{acc|’eng}}eng''' [ˈʔɛŋ.ɛŋ] ''(Adj)'' level.
-'''{{acc|’e}}oio''' [ˈɁɛ.o.i.o] ''(Adj)'' cerimonious.
+'''{{acc|’e}}oio''' [ˈʔɛ.o.i.o] ''(Adj)'' cerimonious.
-'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ] ''(N)'' child ''(dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).'' ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈɁɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").
+'''{{acc|’e}}vi''' [ˈʔɛ.vi] ''(N)'' kid ''(affectionate form of "child").
-'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈɁɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''{{acc|’e}}wan''' [ˈʔɛ.wan] ''(Adj)'' young. ► ''aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì'' "in the words of our young friend Markus" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''{{acc|’e}}wll''' [ˈɁɛ.wl̩ː] ''(N)'' plant.
+'''{{acc|’e}}wll''' [ˈʔɛ.wl̩ː] ''(N)'' plant.
-'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [ˈʔɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friend ''(short plural: eylan)''. ► ''ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ''’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl'' "your friend, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''’eyng''' [Ɂɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).
+'''’eyng''' [ʔɛjŋ] ''(V)'' answer, respond. ► ''’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng.'' [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).
-'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈɁi.Ɂa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.
+'''{{acc|’i}}’a''' [ˈʔi.ʔa] ''(Vin)'' end, conclude.
-'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [Ɂɪ.ˈɁawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.
+'''’ì{{acc|’awn}}''' [ʔɪ.ˈʔawn] ''(Vin)'' remain, stay.
-'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈɁi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.
+'''{{acc|’i}}a''' [ˈʔi.a] ''(Vin)'' lose oneself ''(spiritual sense)''.
-'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [Ɂɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).
+'''’ì{{acc|he}}yu''' [ʔɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] ''(N)'' spiral. ► ''’ìheyu sìreyä'' "the spiral of the lives" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).
-'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈɁɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.
+'''{{acc|’Ìng}}lìsì''' [ˈʔɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] ''(N)'' English language.
-'''’it''' [Ɂit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.
+'''’it''' [ʔit] ''(N)'' bit, small amount.
-'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈɁi.tan] ''(N)'' son.
+'''{{acc|’i}}tan''' [ˈʔi.tan] ''(N)'' son.
-'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈɁi.tɛ] ''(N)'' daughter.
+'''{{acc|’i}}te''' [ˈʔi.tɛ] ''(N)'' daughter.
-'''’ok''' [Ɂok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.
+'''’ok''' [ʔok] ''(N)'' memory, remembrance.
-'''’ong''' [Ɂoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).
+'''’ong''' [ʔoŋ] ''(V)'' unfold, blossom. ► ''’Ivong *Na’vi!'' "Let *Na’vi bloom!" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).
-'''{{acc|’o}}pin''' [ˈɁo.pin] ''(N)'' color.
+'''{{acc|’o}}pin''' [ˈʔo.pin] ''(N)'' color.
-'''{{acc|’o}}ra''' [ˈɁo.ɾa] ''(N)'' lake.
+'''{{acc|’o}}ra''' [ˈʔo.ɾa] ''(N)'' lake.
-'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈɁr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).
+'''{{acc|’Rr}}ta''' [ˈʔr̩ː.ta] ''(NP)'' Earth. ► ''’Rrtamì'' "on Earth" ({{Corpus GMA}}).
-'''’u''' [Ɂu] ''(N)'' thing ''(plural: ayu)''.
+'''’u''' [ʔu] ''(N)'' thing ''(plural: ayu)''.
-'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈɁu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).
+'''{{acc|’u}}pe''' [ˈʔu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (thing) ''(alternative form: peu).'' ► ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' (or) ''X nìNa’vi slu peu?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).
-'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [Ɂu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''’u{{acc|pxa}}re''' [ʔu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] ''(N)'' message. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
 == A [a] ==
@@ Line 177: / Line 177: @@
 '''-a | a-''' [a] ''(M–)'' to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the ''a'' is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river", ''fahew akewong'' "alien smell" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''sìltsana fmawn'' "good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap'' "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]); If the ''a'' is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: ''skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Attributive_a]).
-'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.Ɂu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).
+'''a fì’u''' [a fɪ.ʔu] ''(Conj)'' to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► ''Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu'' "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan!'' [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use '''furia''': ''Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru …'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).
 '''a krr''' [a kr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' when ''(to conclude a clause of time; when … then – ''a krr … tsakrr'').'' ► ''Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …)'' "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).
@@ Line 195: / Line 195: @@
 '''a{{acc|tan}}''' [a.ˈtan] ''(N)'' light. ► ([[Canon#Atan Is Illumination|''atan'' is "source of illumination"]]).
-'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naɁ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.
+'''atoki{{acc|ri}}na’''' [atoki.ˈɾi.naʔ] ''(N)'' atokirina, seeds of the great tree.
 '''atx{{acc|kxe}}''' [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] ''(N)'' land.
@@ Line 277: / Line 277: @@
 '''{{acc|el}}tungawng''' [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] ''(N)'' brainworm ''(zool.)''.
-'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.Ɂu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test)''.
+'''em{{acc|za}}’u''' [ɛm.ˈza.ʔu] ''(V)'' pass ''(a test)''.
 '''{{acc|e}}o''' [ˈɛ.o] ''(Adp–)'' before, in front of.
@@ Line 301: / Line 301: @@
 '''{{acc|Ey}}wa {{acc|nga}}hu''' [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] ''(Idiom)'' Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus FL}}).
-'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).
+'''Eywa{{acc|’e}}veng''' [ɛj.wa.ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ] ''(NP)'' Pandora ''(lit.: child of Eywa).'' ► "it works as a compound" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).
 == F [f] ==
@@ Line 319: / Line 319: @@
 '''fì-''' [fɪ] ''(M–)'' proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► ''fìskxawng(ìri)'' "this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}); ''fìaylì’u(t)'' [these words] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 27).
-'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈɁu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''(↑ a fì’u)''. ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).
+'''fì{{acc|’u}}''' [fɪ.ˈʔu] ''(Pron)'' this (thing) ''(↑ a fì’u)''. ► "''Fì’u'' means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 27); ''Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut.'' [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Evidential]).
 '''fì{{acc|fya}}''' [fɪ.ˈfja] ''(Adv)'' this way, like this.
@@ Line 375: / Line 375: @@
 '''fpak''' [fpak] ''(V)'' hold off, suspend action.
-'''fpe’''' [fpɛɁ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''fpe’''' [fpɛʔ] ''(Vtr)'' send. ► ''fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret'' "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
 '''fpe{{acc|i}}o''' [fpɛ.ˈi.o] ''(N)'' challenge ''(ceremonial)''.
@@ Line 393: / Line 393: @@
 '''{{acc|fpxä}}kìm''' [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] ''(V)'' enter.
-'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).
+'''{{acc|fra}}’u''' [ˈfɾa.ʔu] ''(Pron)'' everything. ► ''vay set ’almong a fra’u'' "everything that has blossomed until now" ({{Corpus GMA}}).
 '''{{acc|fra}}krr''' [ˈfɾa.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' every time; ''(Adv)'' always. ► "''frakrr'' 'always'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).
@@ Line 449: / Line 449: @@
 '''fwew''' [fwɛw] ''(Vtr)'' look for, seek.
-'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ˈfja.ʔo] ''(N)'' path, way; method, manner ''(acc.: fya’ot).'' ► ''paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
 '''{{acc|fya}}pe''' [ˈfja.pɛ] ''(Q)'' how ''(alternative form: pefya).'' ► ''Fyape fko syaw ngar?'' "What's your name?" [''lit.:'' How does one call (to) you?]. ([[Canon#Reflexives and Naming|Reflexives]]).
@@ Line 481: / Line 481: @@
 '''{{acc|hi}}yìk''' [ˈhi.jɪk] ''(Adj)'' funny, strange.
-'''{{acc|hì}}’ang''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂaŋ] ''(N)'' insect.
+'''{{acc|hì}}’ang''' [ˈhɪ.ʔaŋ] ''(N)'' insect.
-'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.Ɂi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).
+'''{{acc|hì}}’i''' [ˈhɪ.ʔi] ''(Adj)'' little, small (in seize).
 '''{{acc|hì}}krr''' [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' second, a very short time. ► ''maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw'' "we will return after a short time" ([[Canon#Zenke|Zenke]]).
@@ Line 513: / Line 513: @@
 == I [i] ==
-'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiɁ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.
+'''{{acc|i’}}en''' [ˈiʔ.ɛn] ''(N)'' stringed instrument.
 '''{{acc|ik}}ni{{acc|ma}}ya''' [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] ''(N)'' "Stairway to Heaven" ''(a rite of passage of the Na’vi)''.
@@ Line 591: / Line 591: @@
 '''ka{{acc|vuk}} si''' [ka.ˈvuk si] ''(Vin)'' betray.
-'''kaw{{acc|’it}}''' [kaw.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' not a bit, not at all.  ► Used in ''ke... kaw’it'' for ''not at all''  ([[Canon/2010/March-June#April_6_Miscellany|April 6 Miscellany]]).
+'''kaw{{acc|’it}}''' [kaw.ˈʔit] ''(Adv)'' not a bit, not at all.  ► Used in ''ke... kaw’it'' for ''not at all''  ([[Canon/2010/March-June#April_6_Miscellany|April 6 Miscellany]]).
 '''{{acc|kaw}}krr''' [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' no time; ''(Adv)'' never. ► "''kawkrr'' 'never'", about ''krr'' being a noun used averbially see also ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr noun vs. adverb]]).
@@ Line 601: / Line 601: @@
 '''kä''' [kæ] ''(Vin)'' go. ► ''Oe zene kivä'' "I must go" ({{Corpus CwT}}); ''poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk'' "Eytukan said he would go [''lit.: Eytukan said'' {{sc|‹quote.in›}} ''I will go'' {{sc|‹quote.out›}}]" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).
-'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.
+'''kä{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [kæ.ˈʔæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' push.
 '''kä{{acc|mak}}to''' [kæ.ˈmak.to] ''(V)'' ride out.
@@ Line 611: / Line 611: @@
 '''ke''' [kɛ] ''(Adv)'' not. ► ''oel pot ke spaw'' "I don't believe him" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).
-'''ke{{acc|’aw}}''' [kɛ.ˈɁaw] ''(Adj)'' divided, torn apart, strife-ridden.
+'''ke{{acc|’aw}}''' [kɛ.ˈʔaw] ''(Adj)'' divided, torn apart, strife-ridden.
-'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.
+'''{{acc|ke}}’u''' [ˈkɛ.ʔu] ''(Pron)'' nothing.
 '''{{acc|ke}}a''' [ˈkɛ.a] ''(Adj)'' no ~ ''(to negate a noun)''.
@@ Line 635: / Line 635: @@
 '''kem''' [kɛm] ''(N)'' action, deed. ► ''kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu'' "any action which you don't like" ({{Corpus GMA}}).
-'''{{acc|kem}}lì’u''' [ˈkɛm.lɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' verb.
+'''{{acc|kem}}lì’u''' [ˈkɛm.lɪ.ʔu] ''(N)'' verb.
 '''{{acc|kem}}pe''' [ˈkɛm.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (action) ''(alternative form: pehem)''.
@@ Line 655: / Line 655: @@
 '''ke{{acc|yawr}}''' [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] ''(Adj)'' wrong, incorrect.
-'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.
+'''ke{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [kɛ.ˈjɛ.ʔuŋ] ''(N)'' insanity.
 '''ki{{acc|fkey}}''' [ki.ˈfkɛj] ''(N)'' the (physical, solid) world. ► ''tìftia kifkeyä'' "the study of the physical world ['science']" ({{Corpus SciMag}}).
-# '''ki{{acc|fkey}} Eywa{{acc|’e}}vengä''' [ki.ˈfkɛj ɛj.wa.ˈɁɛ.vɛŋ.æ] ''(N)'' world of Pandora ''(lit.: world of the child of Eywa)'' ''(↑ Eywa’eveng)''. ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+# '''ki{{acc|fkey}} Eywa{{acc|’e}}vengä''' [ki.ˈfkɛj ɛj.wa.ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ.æ] ''(N)'' world of Pandora ''(lit.: world of the child of Eywa)'' ''(↑ Eywa’eveng)''. ► ''kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar'' "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
 '''kil{{acc|van}}''' [kil.ˈvan] ''(N)'' river. ► ''ngima kilvan'' (or) ''kilvan angim'' "long river" ({{Corpus LL}}).
@@ Line 674: / Line 674: @@
 '''{{acc|ki}}vol''' [ˈki.vol] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 70 ''(= decimal: 56).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).
-'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈɁoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.
+'''kì{{acc|’ong}}''' [kɪ.ˈʔoŋ] ''(Adj)'' ''slow''.
 '''kìm''' [kɪm] ''(V)'' spin.
@@ Line 680: / Line 680: @@
 '''kìng''' [kɪŋ] ''(N)'' thread.
-'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.Ɂɛ] ''(N)'' service.
+'''kì{{acc|te}}’e''' [kɪ.ˈtɛ.ʔɛ] ''(N)'' service.
 '''kìye{{acc|va}}me''' [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] ''(Idiom)'' See you again soon! Goodbye! ► ''kìyevame'' "see you again" ({{Corpus FL}}); ''Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu'' "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''lit.:'' "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." ([[Canon#Fused_-iv-_Infixes|Fused -iv-infixes]]).
-'''kll·{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoɁ] ''(V)'' be responsible.
+'''kll·{{acc|fro’}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoʔ] ''(V)'' be responsible.
 '''kll·{{acc|kä}}''' [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] ''(V)'' descend.
@@ Line 788: / Line 788: @@
 '''le{{acc|kin}}''' [lɛ.ˈkin] ''(Adj)'' necessary.
-'''lek{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [lɛk.ˈjɛ.Ɂuŋ] ''(Adj)'' insane, crazy.
+'''lek{{acc|ye}}’ung''' [lɛk.ˈjɛ.ʔuŋ] ''(Adj)'' insane, crazy.
 '''lem{{acc|wey}}pey''' [lɛm.ˈwɛj.pɛj] ''(Adj)'' patient. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
@@ Line 816: / Line 816: @@
 '''lew si''' [lɛw si] ''(Vin)'' cover.
-'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪɁ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''{{acc|lì’}}fya''' [ˈlɪʔ.fja] ''(N)'' language. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx'' "to all friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''{{acc|lì}}’u''' [ˈlɪ.ʔu] ''(N)'' word ''(acc.: lì’ut).'' ► ''[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''aylì’ufa'' "in the words [of …]" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''lì{{acc|’u}}pe''' [lɪ.ˈɁu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (word, utterance) ''(alternative form: pelì’u)''.
+'''lì{{acc|’u}}pe''' [lɪ.ˈʔu.pɛ] ''(Q)'' what (word, utterance) ''(alternative form: pelì’u)''.
 '''lìm''' [lɪm] ''(Vin)'' far (= be far).
@@ Line 859: / Line 859: @@
 '''mawkrr''' [maw.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' after ''(time)'', afterwards.
-'''me{{acc|’em}}''' [mɛ.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adj)'' harmonious.
+'''me{{acc|’em}}''' [mɛ.ˈʔɛm] ''(Adj)'' harmonious.
 '''me+''' [mɛ] ''(M+)'' dual marker. ► ''meveng [< me+ + ’eveng]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).
@@ Line 915: / Line 915: @@
 '''mu{{acc|i}}ä''' [mu.ˈi.æ] ''(Adj)'' proper, fair, right, justified.
-'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈɁi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).
+'''mun{{acc|’i}}''' [mun.ˈʔi] ''(V)'' cut. ► "''mun’i'' is the verb 'cut'" ({{Corpus CwT}}).
 '''{{acc|mu}}ne''' [ˈmu.nɛ] ''(Num)'' two. ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).
@@ Line 931: / Line 931: @@
 '''na''' [na] ''(Adp–)'' like, as. ► ''aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan'' "the words are like stones in my heart" ({{Corpus BtS}}); ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).
-'''{{acc|na’}}rìng''' [ˈnaɁ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.
+'''{{acc|na’}}rìng''' [ˈnaʔ.ɾɪŋ] ''(N)'' forest.
-'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaɁ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).
+'''{{acc|Na’}}vi''' [ˈnaʔ.vi] ''(NP)'' the Na’vi, the People. ► ''kato te’lanä le-Na’vi'' "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng'' "[choose] one, who will feed the People" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song).
-# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).
+# '''nìNa’vi''' [nɪ.naʔ.vi] ''(Adv)'' in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''X nìNa’vi slu ’upe?'' "How do you say X in Na’vi?" ''[lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?]'' ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 21).
-# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naɁ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+# '''leNa’vi''' [lɛ.naʔ.vi] ''(Adj)'' Na’vi ''(as an attribute),'' 'Na’viean'. ► ''eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi'' "to the friends of the Na’vi language" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
 '''{{acc|nan}}tang''' [ˈnan.taŋ] ''(N)'' viperwolf ''(zool.).'' [''Caniferratus costatus'' (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups ({{Corpus ASG}}, p. 103/104)].
@@ Line 953: / Line 953: @@
 '''ne''' [nɛ] ''(Adp–)'' to ''(direction).'' ► ''Terìran ayoe ayngane'' "We are walking your way" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''ne {{acc|kll}}te!'' "get down!" (''lit.:'' to the ground!; {{Corpus ASG}}).
-'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈɁɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.
+'''ne{{acc|’ìm}}''' [nɛ.ˈʔɪm] ''(Adv)'' back ''(direction)''.
 '''ne{{acc|fä}}''' [nɛ.ˈfæ] ''(Adv)'' up ''(direction)''.
@@ Line 975: / Line 975: @@
 '''nì-''' [nɪ] ''(M–)'' turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ''ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo'' "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] ({{Corpus TO}}); ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''nì’aw'' "only" [{{sc|adv}}-one] ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''nìaynga'' "(the same) like you" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.Ɂaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''yom °matsat nì’aw'' [we eat only °matzah] ({{Corpus Why is}}).
+'''nì’aw''' [nɪ.ʔaw] ''(Adv)'' only. ► ''ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari …'' "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''yom °matsat nì’aw'' [we eat only °matzah] ({{Corpus Why is}}).
-'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.
+'''nì{{acc|’aw}}tu''' [nɪ.ˈʔaw.tu] ''(Adv)'' alone ''(as one person)''.
-'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).
+'''nì{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [nɪ.ˈʔaw.vɛ] ''(Adv)'' first(ly).
-'''nì{{acc|’e}}oio''' [nɪ.ˈɁɛ.o.i.o] ''(Adv)'' ceremoniously.
+'''nì{{acc|’e}}oio''' [nɪ.ˈʔɛ.o.i.o] ''(Adv)'' ceremoniously.
-'''nì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(Adv)'' back, in response, in answer.
+'''nì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [nɪ.ˈʔɛjŋ] ''(Adv)'' back, in response, in answer.
-'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.
+'''nì{{acc|’it}}''' [nɪ.ˈʔit] ''(Adv)'' small amount, a bit.
-'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈɁul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).
+'''nì{{acc|’ul}}''' [nɪ.ˈʔul] ''(Adv)'' more. ► ''ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul'' "you will give us more words" ({{Corpus CwT}}).
 '''nìaw{{acc|no}}mum''' [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] ''(Adv)'' as you know, as is known. ► ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
@@ Line 997: / Line 997: @@
 '''nì{{acc|ftxa}}vang''' [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] ''(Adv)'' passionately, with all heart. ► ''fìtxan nìftxavang'' "so passionately" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''nì{{acc|fya}}’o''' [nɪ.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(Adv)'' in a manner.
+'''nì{{acc|fya}}’o''' [nɪ.ˈfja.ʔo] ''(Adv)'' in a manner.
 '''nì{{acc|hawng}}''' [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] ''(Adv)'' too, excessively.
@@ Line 1,103: / Line 1,103: @@
 '''‹ol›''' [o.l] ''(Inf 1)'' to indicate perfective aspect {{sc|‹pfv›}}. ► ''tolaron'' "have hunted" ({{Corpus LL}}); ''Neytiril yerikit tolaron'' "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" ({{Corpus MSNBC}}).
-'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [ol.ˈoɁ] ''(N)'' clan.
+'''ol{{acc|o’}}''' [ol.ˈoʔ] ''(N)'' clan.
-'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loɁ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.
+'''olo’{{acc|eyk}}tan''' [o.loʔ.ˈɛjk.tan] ''(N)'' clan leader.
 '''Omati{{acc|ka}}ya''' [omati.ˈka.ja] ''(NP)'' the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.
@@ Line 1,115: / Line 1,115: @@
 == P [p] ==
-'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaɁ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.)''.
+'''{{acc|pa’}}li''' [ˈpaʔ.li] ''(N)'' direhorse ''(zool.)''.
-'''{{acc|pa}}’o''' [ˈpa.Ɂo] ''(N)'' side.
+'''{{acc|pa}}’o''' [ˈpa.ʔo] ''(N)'' side.
 '''pak''' [pak] ''(Part)'' particle for disparagement.
@@ Line 1,153: / Line 1,153: @@
 '''pe+''' [pɛ] ''(M+)'' what ''(connected to a noun)''.
-'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpɛ.Ɂun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''{{acc|pe}}’un''' [ˈpɛ.ʔun] ''(Vtr)'' decide. ► ''tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot'' "then I will decide the best way" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
 '''pe{{acc|fnel}}''' [pɛ.ˈfnɛl] ''(Q)'' which kind ''(alternative form: fnepe)''. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
@@ Line 1,163: / Line 1,163: @@
 '''pe{{acc|hrr}}''' [pɛ.ˈhr̩ː] ''(Q)'' when (time) ''(alternative form: krrpe)''.
-'''pe{{acc|lì}}’u''' [pɛ.ˈlɪ.Ɂu] ''(Q)'' what (word, utterance) ''(alternative form: lì’upe)''.
+'''pe{{acc|lì}}’u''' [pɛ.ˈlɪ.ʔu] ''(Q)'' what (word, utterance) ''(alternative form: lì’upe)''.
 '''pe{{acc|lun}}''' [pɛ.ˈlun] ''(Q)'' why ''(alternative form: lumpe).'' ► ''Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng?'' [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] ({{Corpus Why is}}).
@@ Line 1,209: / Line 1,209: @@
 '''{{acc|prr}}nesyul''' [ˈpr̩ː.nɛ.sjul] ''(N)'' bud ''(of a flower)''. ► ({{Canon MND}}).
-'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [ˈpr̩ː.tɛɁ] ''(Adj)'' pleasurable ''(of an activity)''. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).
+'''{{acc|prr}}te’''' [ˈpr̩ː.tɛʔ] ''(Adj)'' pleasurable ''(of an activity)''. ► ''oeru prrte’ lu …'' "it's a pleasure [to me] …" ({{Corpus TO}}).
 '''{{acc|prr}}wll''' [ˈpr̩ː.wl̩ː] ''(N)'' moss.
@@ Line 1,263: / Line 1,263: @@
 '''pxiswaw{{acc|ay}}''' [pʼi.swaw.ˈaj] ''(Adv)'' in just a second from now. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
-'''pxi{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [pʼi.ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' immediately ''(but not as soon as pxiswaway)''. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
+'''pxi{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [pʼi.ˈjɛʔ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' immediately ''(but not as soon as pxiswaway)''. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
 '''pxìm''' [pʼɪm] ''(Adv)'' often. ► ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).
@@ Line 1,293: / Line 1,293: @@
 '''{{acc|raw}}ke''' [ˈɾaw.kɛ] ''(Idiom)'' alarm cry, call to defense.
-'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈɁæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).
+'''rä{{acc|’ä}}''' [ɾæ.ˈʔæ] ''(Part)'' to form a negative imperative. ► ''txopu rä’ä si'' "don't be afraid" (from the film).
-'''{{acc|re}}’o''' [ˈɾɛ.Ɂo] ''(N)'' head.
+'''{{acc|re}}’o''' [ˈɾɛ.ʔo] ''(N)'' head.
 '''rel''' [ɾɛl] ''(N)'' image, picture. ► "''rel'' = image, picture" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Art-related_Vocabulary]).
@@ Line 1,307: / Line 1,307: @@
 '''rey''' [ɾɛj] ''(Vin)'' live. ► ''Txo new nga rivey, oehu!'' "Come with me, if you want to live!" ({{Corpus UGO}}); ''ke rey a tute'' "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).
-'''rey{{acc|’eng}}''' [ɾɛj.ˈɁɛŋ] ''(N)'' balance of life. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
+'''rey{{acc|’eng}}''' [ɾɛj.ˈʔɛŋ] ''(N)'' balance of life. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
 '''{{acc|rey}}pay''' [ˈɾɛj.paj] ''(N)'' blood.
@@ Line 1,317: / Line 1,317: @@
 '''rim''' [ɾim] ''(Adj)'' yellow. ► ''Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim'' "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [''lit.:'' blue and yellow]" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).
-'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaɁ] ''(N)'' seed.
+'''ri{{acc|na’}}''' [ɾi.ˈnaʔ] ''(N)'' seed.
 '''{{acc|ri}}ti''' [ˈɾi.ti] ''(N)'' stingbat ''(zool.)''.
@@ Line 1,337: / Line 1,337: @@
 == S [s] ==
-'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaɁ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.
+'''{{acc|sa’}}nok''' [ˈsaʔ.nok] ''(N)'' mother.
-'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [ˈsaɁ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.
+'''{{acc|sa’}}nu''' [ˈsaʔ.nu] ''(N)'' mommy.
 '''sa{{acc|lew}}''' [sa.ˈlɛw] ''(V)'' proceed, go.
@@ Line 1,391: / Line 1,391: @@
 '''sìrey''' ↑ ''tìrey''.
-'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).
+'''ska{{acc|’a}}''' [ska.ˈʔa] ''(Vtr)'' destroy. ► ''Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a'' "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Participles]).
 '''skepek''' [skɛ.pɛk] ''(Adj)'' formal.
@@ Line 1,413: / Line 1,413: @@
 '''sngap''' [sŋap] ''(Vtr)'' sting.
-'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).
+'''{{acc|sngä}}’i''' [ˈsŋæ.ʔi] ''(Vin)'' begin, start ''(something is beginning).'' ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: ''Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit'' "I began the work" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Trials_.26_transitivity] Feb 15).
-'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.Ɂi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.
+'''{{acc|sngä}}’ikrr''' [ˈsŋæ.ʔi.kr̩ː] ''(N)'' beginning, start time.
 '''sngel''' [sŋɛl] ''(N)'' garbage.
@@ Line 1,435: / Line 1,435: @@
 '''spä''' [spæ] ''(Vin)'' jump.
-'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.
+'''spe{{acc|’e}}''' [spɛ.ˈʔɛ] ''(Vtr)'' capture.
-'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈɁɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.
+'''spe{{acc|’e}}tu''' [spɛ.ˈʔɛ.tu] ''(N)'' captive.
 '''speng''' [spɛŋ] ''(V)'' restore.
@@ Line 1,459: / Line 1,459: @@
 '''sre''' [sɾɛ] ''(Adp+)'' before ''(time)''.
-'''sre’''' [sɾɛɁ] ''(N)'' tooth.
+'''sre’''' [sɾɛʔ] ''(N)'' tooth.
 '''srekrr''' [sɾɛ.kr̩ː] ''(Adv)'' before ''(time)''.
-'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈɁa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.
+'''srese{{acc|’a}}''' [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈʔa] ''(V)'' prophesy, predict.
 '''srew''' [sɾɛw] ''(Vin)'' dance.
@@ Line 1,473: / Line 1,473: @@
 '''stawm''' [stawm] ''(Vtr)'' hear. ► ''’upxaret stolawm oel'' "I have heard the message" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''{{acc|stä’}}nì''' [ˈstæɁ.nɪ] ''(Vtr)'' catch.
+'''{{acc|stä’}}nì''' [ˈstæʔ.nɪ] ''(Vtr)'' catch.
 '''ste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(Vtr)'' examine, check.
@@ Line 1,511: / Line 1,511: @@
 '''syay''' [sjaj] ''(N)'' fate.
-'''{{acc|syä}}’ä''' [ˈsjæ.Ɂæ] ''(Adj)'' bitter.
+'''{{acc|syä}}’ä''' [ˈsjæ.ʔæ] ''(Adj)'' bitter.
 '''syen''' [sjɛn] ''(Adj)'' last, final.
@@ Line 1,527: / Line 1,527: @@
 '''ta''' [ta] ''(Adp–)'' from ''(different usages)''. ► ''oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u'' "my nose is full from his smell"; ''Markusì ta Ngalwey'' "Markus from Galway" ({{Corpus AMFP}}); ''Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl'' "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈɁɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.
+'''ta{{acc|’em}}''' [ta.ˈʔɛm] ''(Adv)'' from above.
-'''{{acc|ta}}’leng''' [ˈta.Ɂlɛŋ] ''(N)'' skin.
+'''{{acc|ta}}’leng''' [ˈta.ʔlɛŋ] ''(N)'' skin.
 '''ta{{acc|fkip}}''' [ta.ˈfkip] ''(Adp–)'' from up among.
@@ Line 1,613: / Line 1,613: @@
 '''ti{{acc|re}}a''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] ''(N)'' spirit.
-'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.Ɂo] ''(N)'' spirit path.
+'''ti{{acc|re}}a{{acc|fya}}’o''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˈfja.ʔo] ''(N)'' spirit path.
 '''ti{{acc|re}}ai{{acc|o}}ang''' [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˈo.aŋ] ''(N)'' spirit animal ''(Na’vi culture).'' ► ''Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru'' "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" ([[Canon#Krr:_noun_vs_adverb|Krr]]).
@@ Line 1,621: / Line 1,621: @@
 '''tì-''' [tɪ] ''(M–)'' to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► ''tìftia'' "the study" ({{Corpus SciMag}}); ''tìngay'' "truth" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''tìfyawìntxu(ri)'' "guidance" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''tì{{acc|’awm}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁawm] ''(N)'' camping.
+'''tì{{acc|’awm}}''' [tɪ.ˈʔawm] ''(N)'' camping.
-'''tì{{acc|’awm}} si''' [tɪ.ˈɁawm si] ''(Vin)'' camp.
+'''tì{{acc|’awm}} si''' [tɪ.ˈʔawm si] ''(Vin)'' camp.
-'''tì{{acc|’aw}}po''' [tɪ.ˈɁaw.po] ''(N)'' individuality (neg. connotation); selfishness.
+'''tì{{acc|’aw}}po''' [tɪ.ˈʔaw.po] ''(N)'' individuality (neg. connotation); selfishness.
-'''tì{{acc|’e}}fu''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛ.fu] ''(N)'' feeling. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
+'''tì{{acc|’e}}fu''' [tɪ.ˈʔɛ.fu] ''(N)'' feeling. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
-'''tì{{acc|’e}}fumì oeyä''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛ.fu.mɪ o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Idiom)'' "In my opinion". ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
+'''tì{{acc|’e}}fumì oeyä''' [tɪ.ˈʔɛ.fu.mɪ o.ɛ.jæ] ''(Idiom)'' "In my opinion". ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
-'''tì{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friendship.
+'''tì{{acc|’ey}}lan''' [tɪ.ˈʔɛj.lan] ''(N)'' friendship.
-'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈɁɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''tì{{acc|’eyng}}''' [tɪ.ˈʔɛjŋ] ''(N)'' answer, response. ► ''ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng'' "no answer has arrived" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
-'''tì{{acc|’i’}}a''' [tɪ.ˈɁiɁ.a] ''(N)'' ending, conclusion.
+'''tì{{acc|’i’}}a''' [tɪ.ˈʔiʔ.a] ''(N)'' ending, conclusion.
-'''tì{{acc|’i’}}avay {{acc|krr}}ä''' [tɪ.ˈɁiɁ.a.vaj ˈkr̩ː.æ] ''(Idiom)'' forever, ’til the end of time (poetic). ► ''the "poetic" meaning is "until the end of time"'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/karyuru-frakrr-irayo-si-ko!/ source]).
+'''tì{{acc|’i’}}avay {{acc|krr}}ä''' [tɪ.ˈʔiʔ.a.vaj ˈkr̩ː.æ] ''(Idiom)'' forever, ’til the end of time (poetic). ► ''the "poetic" meaning is "until the end of time"'' ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/karyuru-frakrr-irayo-si-ko!/ source]).
 '''tì{{acc|fme}}tok''' [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] ''(N)'' test.
@@ Line 1,683: / Line 1,683: @@
 '''tìm''' [tɪm] ''(Adj)'' low.
-'''tì{{acc|me}}’em''' [tɪ.ˈmɛ.Ɂɛm] ''(N)'' harmony (general sense). ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
+'''tì{{acc|me}}’em''' [tɪ.ˈmɛ.ʔɛm] ''(N)'' harmony (general sense). ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
 '''tìmun{{acc|txa}}''' [tɪ.mun.ˈtʼa] ''(N)'' mating, Na'vi marriage.
@@ Line 1,704: / Line 1,704: @@
 '''tìpäng{{acc|kxo}}''' [tɪ.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] ''(N)'' conversation, discussion.
-'''tì{{acc|pe}}’un''' [tɪ.ˈpɛ.Ɂun] ''(N)'' decision.
+'''tì{{acc|pe}}’un''' [tɪ.ˈpɛ.ʔun] ''(N)'' decision.
-'''tì{{acc|prr}}te’''' [tɪ.ˈpr̩ː.tɛɁ] ''(N)'' pleasure.
+'''tì{{acc|prr}}te’''' [tɪ.ˈpr̩ː.tɛʔ] ''(N)'' pleasure.
 '''tì{{acc|ran}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾan] ''(Vin)'' walk. ► ''Terìran ayoe'' "We are walking" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Tivìran po ayoekip …'' "Let her walk among us …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 09).
@@ Line 1,714: / Line 1,714: @@
 '''tì{{acc|rol}}''' [tɪ.ˈɾol] ''(N)'' song.
-'''tìska{{acc|’a}}''' [tɪ.ska.ˈɁa] ''(N)'' destruction.
+'''tìska{{acc|’a}}''' [tɪ.ska.ˈʔa] ''(N)'' destruction.
 '''tì{{acc|sop}}''' [tɪ.ˈsop] ''(N)'' journey.
@@ Line 1,726: / Line 1,726: @@
 '''tì{{acc|sraw}} si''' [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] ''(Vin)'' hurt, be painful.
-'''tì{{acc|sre}}se’a''' [tɪ.ˈsɾɛ.sɛ.Ɂa] ''(N)'' prophecy.
+'''tì{{acc|sre}}se’a''' [tɪ.ˈsɾɛ.sɛ.ʔa] ''(N)'' prophecy.
 '''tìste{{acc|ftxaw}}''' [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] ''(N)'' examination. ► ''Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan!'' [Your examination succeeded well!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Jan 20).
@@ Line 1,772: / Line 1,772: @@
 # '''Fìtrr lu trr{{acc|pe}}ve?''' [fɪ.tr̩ː lu tr̩ː.ˈpɛ.vɛ] ''(Idiom)'' "What day is it today?". ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
-'''Trr{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [tr̩ː.ˈɁaw.vɛ] ''(N)'' Sunday.
+'''Trr{{acc|’aw}}ve''' [tr̩ː.ˈʔaw.vɛ] ''(N)'' Sunday.
 '''trr{{acc|ay}}''' [tr̩ː.ˈaj] ''(Adv)'' tomorrow.
@@ Line 1,818: / Line 1,818: @@
 == TX [tʼ] ==
-'''txa’''' [tʼaɁ] ''(Adj)'' hard.
+'''txa’''' [tʼaʔ] ''(Adj)'' hard.
 '''{{acc|txam}}pay''' [ˈtʼam.paj] ''(N)'' sea, ocean.
@@ Line 1,838: / Line 1,838: @@
 '''{{acc|txa}}yo''' [ˈtʼa.jo] ''(N)'' field, open terrain.
-'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛɁ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).
+'''txe’{{acc|lan}}''' [tʼɛʔ.ˈlan] ''(N)'' heart ''(short plural: te’lan).'' ► ''sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi …'' "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song).
 '''{{acc|txe}}le''' [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] ''(N)'' matter ''(subject)''. ► ''lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe'' "we have many matters to talk about" ([[Canon#Tag Question|Tag Question]]).
@@ Line 1,878: / Line 1,878: @@
 '''tsa-''' [ʦa] ''(M-)'' distal demonstrative prefix. ► ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/history-of-tsaw/ History of tsaw]).
-'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu] ''(Pron)'' it ''(thing)'' ''(alternative form: tsaw)''. ► ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/history-of-tsaw/ History of tsaw]).
+'''{{acc|tsa}}’u''' [ˈʦa.ʔu] ''(Pron)'' it ''(thing)'' ''(alternative form: tsaw)''. ► ([http://forum.learnnavi.org/language-updates/history-of-tsaw/ History of tsaw]).
-# '''{{acc|tsa}}’ut''' [ˈʦa.Ɂut] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}’uti''' [ˈʦa.Ɂu.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' it ''(alternative form: tsat, tsati)''.
+# '''{{acc|tsa}}’ut''' [ˈʦa.ʔut] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tsa}}’uti''' [ˈʦa.ʔu.ti] ''(Accusative:)'' it ''(alternative form: tsat, tsati)''.
 '''{{acc|tsa}}fya''' [ˈʦa.fja] ''(Adv)'' that way, like that.
@@ Line 1,901: / Line 1,901: @@
 '''{{acc|tsam}}siyu''' [ˈʦam.si.ju] ''(N)'' warrior.
-'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).
+'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute''' [ʦap.ˈʔa.lutɛ] ''(N)'' apology. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).
-'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈɁa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).
+'''tsap{{acc|’a}}lute si''' [ʦap.ˈʔa.lutɛ si] ''(Vin)'' apologize. ► ''Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe'' "I apologize for this moron" ({{Corpus TO}}).
 '''{{acc|tsa}}tu''' [ˈʦa.tu] ''(Pron)'' that person.
@@ Line 1,922: / Line 1,922: @@
 '''tsawl slu''' [ʦawl slu] ''(Vin)'' grow.
-'''tsä’''' [ʦæɁ] ''(V)'' squirt.
+'''tsä’''' [ʦæʔ] ''(V)'' squirt.
 '''tse''' [ʦɛ] ''(Idiom)'' Well … ''(indicates resumption of conversation, or introduces a remark)''. <!-- Definition clarification paraphrased/reworded from m-w.com and dictionary.com definition for "well (Intj)". Given definition was just "Well", but contextual usage was as defined here.-->
-'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈɁa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense)''. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).
+'''tse{{acc|’a}}''' [ʦɛ.ˈʔa] ''(Vtr)'' see ''(physical sense)''. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).
 '''tseng''' [ʦɛŋ] ''(or)'' '''{{acc|tseng}}e''' [ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] ''(N)'' place. ► ''Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] ''(or)'' tsengit [tseng-it] a …'' "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Indirect_Question_.22Where.22]).
@@ Line 1,975: / Line 1,975: @@
 '''tsray''' [ʦɾaj] ''(N)'' village.
-'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.Ɂi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.
+'''{{acc|tsre}}’i''' [ˈʦɾɛ.ʔi] ''(Vtr)'' throw.
 '''tstal''' [ʦtal] ''(N)'' knife.
@@ Line 1,987: / Line 1,987: @@
 '''tstxo''' [ʦtʼo] ''(N)'' name. ► "''tstxo'' = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see ''syaw'' ({{Canon RaN}}).
-'''{{acc|tstxo}}lì’u''' [ˈʦtʼo.lɪ.Ɂu] ''(N)'' noun.
+'''{{acc|tstxo}}lì’u''' [ˈʦtʼo.lɪ.ʔu] ''(N)'' noun.
 '''{{acc|tsuk}}sìm''' [ˈʦuk.sɪm] ''(N)'' chin.
@@ Line 1,997: / Line 1,997: @@
 '''tsu{{acc|rokx}}''' [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] ''(V)'' rest.
-'''tswa’''' [ʦwaɁ] ''(V)'' forget. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
+'''tswa’''' [ʦwaʔ] ''(V)'' forget. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
 '''{{acc|tsway}}on''' [ˈʦwaj.on] ''(Vin)'' fly.
@@ Line 2,052: / Line 2,052: @@
 '''vay{{acc|krr}}''' [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] ''(Conj)'' until. ► "''vaykrr'' (Conj): until" ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Feb 01).
-'''vä’''' [væɁ] ''(Adj)'' unpleasant to the senses.
+'''vä’''' [væʔ] ''(Adj)'' unpleasant to the senses.
 '''{{acc|ve}}nu''' [ˈvɛ.nu] ''(N)'' foot.
@@ Line 2,130: / Line 2,130: @@
 '''yän''' [jæn] ''(Vtr)'' fasten, tie down.
-'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛɁ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
+'''{{acc|ye’}}rìn''' [ˈjɛʔ.ɾɪn] ''(Adv)'' soon. ► ''Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn'' "I hope, I will soon have good news" ({{Corpus AMFP}}).
 '''yem''' [jɛm] ''(Vtr)'' put, place.
@@ Line 2,156: / Line 2,156: @@
 == Z [z] ==
-'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈɁæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.
+'''za{{acc|’ä}}rìp''' [za.ˈʔæ.ɾɪp] ''(Vtr)'' pull.
-'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.Ɂu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).
+'''{{acc|za}}’u''' [ˈza.ʔu] ''(Vin)'' come. ► ''[ayoe] zera’u'' "We are coming" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Hunt Song); ''Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak?'' "Do you come here often?" ({{Corpus Lemondrop}}).
 '''zam''' [zam] ''(Num)'' ''(octal:)'' 100 ''(= decimal: 64).'' ► ([[Canon#Numerals|Numerals]]).
@@ Line 2,178: / Line 2,178: @@
 '''{{acc|ze}}rok''' [ˈzɛ.ɾok] ''(V)'' remember. ► ({{Corpus Earth Day}}).
-'''zi{{acc|ze’}}''' [zi.ˈzɛɁ] ''(N)'' hellfire wasp.
+'''zi{{acc|ze’}}''' [zi.ˈzɛʔ] ''(N)'' hellfire wasp.
 '''{{acc|zì}}sìt''' [ˈzɪ.sɪt] ''(N)'' year. ► ''ayzìsìtä kato'' "the rhyhtm of the years" ({{Corpus ASG}}, Weaving Song); ''Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru!'' [Happy New Year to You!] ([http://wiki.learnnavi.org/index.php?title=Canon#Extracts_from_various_emails] Dec 31).