Vocabulary

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The Na'vi language has 20 consonants, 7 vowels, 4 diphthongs, and 2 syllabic pseudovowels, rr and ll (LL). Since Na'vi isn't a written language, it is transcribed using the Latin letters. In order to make the usage of this vocabulary easier to most people, the letters are arranged here in a sequence, which mostly follows the original Latin alphabet. The letters for "special" sounds are positioned according to their resemblance to "normal" sounds. Thus the letter sequence used here is:

’ (apostrophe) . A . AW . AY . Ä . E . EW . EY . F . H . I . Ì . K . KX . L . LL . M . N . NG (= G) . O . P . PX . R . RR . S . T . TX . TS (= C) . U . V . W . Y . Z

The vocabulary includes 1. the Na'vi word (in bold letters), 2. the IPA transcription (in square brackets), 3. the part of speech (in italic letters and round brackets), 4. the English equivalent(s) and additional information, 5. sourced example(s) after the symbol ►.

Example:


kame [ˈka.mɛ] (Vtr) see (spiritual sense), acknowledge. ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO).


ad 1. Compound verbs have a raised dot separating the compound elements. This is necessary because the verb infixes go into the final element of the compound only. For example, the proximate future of yom·tìng is not *yìyomtìng but is yomtìyìng.

ad 2. Purple colour is used to indicate stressed syllables in words, where the stress is officially recognized. In Frommer's own documents an underline is used to indicate stress, but on web pages this underline often causes confusion with certain letters.

ad 3. The IPA transcription includes dots (.) to indicate syllable breaks. If there aren't any dots between syllables, the syllable breaks are dubious.

ad 4. The abbreviations for the parts of speech are as follows:

Adj adjective
Adp+ adposition causing lenitation
Adp– adposition not causing lenitation
Adv adverb
Inf 1 first-position verbal infix
Inf pre-1 "pre-first" verbal infix (Frommer's term for infixes that come before tense and aspect infixes)
Inf 2 second-position verbal infix
Idiom idiomatic expression (e. g. interjections, fixed phrases, locutions)
Conj conjunction
M+ marker causing lenitation
M– marker not causing lenitation
N noun
NP proper noun (names of people, places etc.)
Num numeral
Part particle
Pron pronoun
Q question word
Vin intransitive verb
Vtr transitive verb


’ (Apostrophe) [ʔ]

’a’aw [ˈʔa.ʔaw] (Adj) several, a few. ► "used only with countable nouns (people, plants, rocks, days, ideas, . . . ), not with uncountables (water, air, time, patience, anger, . . . )"; "used with the singular of the noun".

’ampi [ˈʔam.pi] (Vtr) touch.

’ango [ˈʔa.ŋo] (Adj) soft (of a sound).

’aw [ʔaw] (Num) one. ► ’awa tìpawm(ìri) [one question] (Numerals).

’awkx [ʔawkʼ] (N) cliff.

’awlie [ʔaw.ˈli.ɛ] (Adv) once (in the past). ► (EDM).

’awlo [ˈʔaw.lo] (Adv) once (↑ alo).

’awm [ʔawm] (N) camp.

’awpo [ˈʔaw.po] (Pron) one (individual/person) (acc.: ’awpot).ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal "so choose one" (ASG, Hunt Song).

’awsiteng [ʔaw.si.ˈtɛŋ] (Adv) together. ► zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu … "I must work together with those …" (AMFP).

’awstengyem [ʔaw.stɛŋ.ˈjɛm] (Vtr) join (two things together).

’awve [ˈʔaw.vɛ] (Adj) first. ► (Ordinal number); koren a’awve tìruseyä ’awsiteng "the first rule of living together" (GMA).

’änsyem [ʔæn.ˈsjɛm] (Adj) complete.

’ärìp [ˈʔæ.ɾɪp] (Vtr) move (something).

’e’al [ˈʔɛ.ʔal] (Adj) worst (↔ swey).

’efu [ˈʔɛ.fu] (Vtr) feel, sense, perceive. ► Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

’efu ohakx [ˈʔɛ.fu o.ˈhakʼ] (Vin) be hungry. ► (EDM).

’eko [ˈʔɛ.ko] (Vtr) attack.

’ekong [ˈʔɛ.koŋ] (N) beat (rhythmic, e. g. heartbeat). ► ’ekong te’lanä "the beat of the hearts" (ASG, Weaving Song).

’em [ʔɛm] (Vtr) cook.

’engeng [ˈʔɛŋ.ɛŋ] (Adj) level.

’eoio [ˈʔɛ.o.i.o] (Adj) ceremonious.

’eveng [ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ] (N) child (dual: meveng; trial: pxeveng; plural: [ay]eveng).kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora [= child of Eywa]" (AMFP).

’evi [ˈʔɛ.vi] (N) kid (affectionate form of "child").

’ewan [ˈʔɛ.wan] (Adj) young. ► aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì "in the words of our young friend Markus" (AMFP).

’ewll [ˈʔɛ.wl̩ː] (N) plant.

’eylan [ˈʔɛj.lan] (N) friend (short plural: eylan). ► ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi "to my friends and friends of the Na’vi language"; ’eylan ayngeyä, Pawl "your friend, Paul" (AMFP).

’eyng [ʔɛjŋ] (V) answer, respond. ► ’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng. [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] (Numerals).

’eyt [ʔɛjt] (Num) eight, 8 (only as decimal figure). ► (TH).

’i’a [ˈʔi.ʔa] (Vin) end, conclude.

’ia [ˈʔi.a] (Vin) lose oneself (spiritual sense).

’it [ʔit] (N) bit, small amount.

’itan [ˈʔi.tan] (N) son.

’ite [ˈʔi.tɛ] (N) daughter.

’ì’awn [ʔɪ.ˈʔawn] (Vin) remain, stay.

’ìheyu [ʔɪ.ˈhɛ.ju] (N) spiral. ► ’ìheyu sìreyä "the spiral of the lives" (ASG, Weaving Song).

’Ìnglìsì [ˈʔɪŋ.lɪ.sɪ] (N) English language.

’ok [ʔok] (N) memory, remembrance.

’okrol [ʔok.ˈɾol] (N) history (ancient).

’okvur [ʔok.ˈvuɾ] (N) history (non-ancient).

’ong [ʔoŋ] (V) unfold, blossom. ► ’Ivong *Na’vi! "Let *Na’vi bloom!" (AMFP); lì’fyari leNa’vi ’Rrtamì, vay set ’almong a fra’u "everything that has gone on with (blossomed regarding) Na'vi until now" (GMA).

’opin [ˈʔo.pin] (N) color.

’ora [ˈʔo.ɾa] (N) lake.

’Rrta [ˈʔr̩ː.ta] (NP) Earth. ► ’Rrtamì "on Earth" (GMA).

’u [ʔu] (N) thing (plural: ayu).

’upe [ˈʔu.pɛ] (Q) what (thing) (alternative form: peu).X nìNa’vi slu ’upe? (or) X nìNa’vi slu peu? "How do you say X in Na’vi?" [lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?] ([1] Jan 21).

’upxare [ʔu.ˈpʼa.ɾɛ] (N) message. ► fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret stolawm oel "I have heard the message you have sent me" (AMFP).

A [a]

a [a] (M–) to subordinate an attributive sentence to a noun ('relative clause'); the a is always placed between the noun and it's attribute. ► ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot] ayngal a lu ayngakip "so choose one [who is] among you" (ASG, Hunt Song); Fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret "[I have heard] the message [which] you have sent me" (AMFP); ke rey a tute "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([2]).

-a | a- [a] (M–) to attribute an adjective or participle to a noun; the a is attached to the adjective, but always faces the noun. ► ngima kilvan (or) kilvan angim "long river", fahew akewong "alien smell" (LL); sìltsana fmawn "good news" (AMFP); Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([3]); If the a is attached to an adjective beginning or ending with an "a", one of the "a"s is deleted: skxawng apxa [< a-apxa], apxa [apxa-a] skxawng ([4]).

a fì’u [a fɪ.ˈʔu] (Conj) to nominalize a subordinate clause ("the fact, that …"). ► Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" [= The fact, that I am able …, is a pleasure to me] (TO); Ngal oeyä ’upxaret aysuteru fpole’ a fì’uri, ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan! [Concerning the fact, that you sent my message to the people, I thank you very much!], alternatively one can use furia: Furia ngal … fpole’, ngaru … ([5] Jan 20).

a krr [a kr̩ː] (Conj) when (to conclude a clause of time; when … then – a krr … tsakrr).Tì’eyngit oel tolel a krr, … (tsakrr …) "When I receive an answer, … (then …)" (AMFP); Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" (Krr).

alaksi [a.ˈlak.si] (Adj) ready.

alìm [a.ˈlɪm] (Adv) far away, at a distance.

alo [a.ˈlo] (N) time, turn, instance. ► alo amrr poan polawm, slä fralo* poe poltxe san kehe "He asked five times, but each time she said, 'no.'" Ayupxareri angim nìhawng lu alo oeyä! "now it's my turn for a message that's too long!" (TH).

alu [ˈa.lu] (Conj) that is, in other words; used for apposition.

‹am› [a.m] (Inf 1) to indicate past tense ‹pst›. ► ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng "no answer has arrived" (AMFP).

apxa [a.ˈpʼa] (Adj) large.

‹arm› [aɾ.m] (Inf 1) to indicate both, past tense and imperfective aspekt ‹pst.ipfv›. ► "<arm> is <a<er>m> pst.ipfv" ([6] Dec 28); oe harmahängaw [I fell asleep] ([7] Jan 27).

asim [a.ˈsim] (Adv) nearby, at close range.

atan [a.ˈtan] (N) light. ► (atan is "source of illumination").

atanvi [a.ˈtan.vi] (N) ray (of light).

atokirina’ [atoki.ˈɾi.naʔ] (N) atokirina, seeds of the great tree.

atxkxe [atʼ.ˈkʼɛ] (N) land.

‹ats› [a.ʦ] (Inf 2) to indicate evidential: uncertainty or indirect knowledge ‹evid›. ► Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut. [I was just thinking that you might want to see this], can also be used in combination with kxawm (perhaps) for reinforcement ([8]).

au [ˈa.u] (N) drum (made of skin).

aungia [a.ˈu.ŋi.a] (N) sign, omen.

AW [aw]

‹awn› [aw.n] (Inf pre-1) to make a passive participle.

awnga, awngal, awngeyä, awngar(u)ayoeng.

AY [aj]

ay+ [aj] (M+) plural prefix. ► aysokx "bodies" (LL); ayzìsìt "years" (ASG, Weaving Song); ayoe "we" (ASG, Hunt Song); ayeylanur oeyä "to my friends" (AMFP).

‹ay› [a.j] (Inf 1) to indicate future tense ‹fut›. ► tayaron "will hunt" (LL); ayngaru payeng "I will let you know" (AMFP).

ayfo [aj.fo] (Pron) they (3rd person plural; short plural: fo ).zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu … "I must work together with those …" (AMFP).

  1. ayfeyä [aj.fɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) their. (short plural: feyä).holpxay ayzekwäyä feyä "the number of their fingers" (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).
  2. ayforu [aj.fo.ɾu] (Dative:) to them. (short plural: foru ).foru ’upxaret oel fpole’ "I have sent them a message" (AMFP).

ayla [aj.la] (Adj) the others. ► ’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng. [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] (Numerals).

aylaru [aj.ˈla.ɾu] (Pron) contraction of ay-lahe-ru (to the others) (Dative).

aynga [aj.ˈŋa] (Pron) you (2nd person plural).Terìran ayoe ayngane "We are walking your way" (ASG, Hunt Song); ayngakip "among you" (ASG, Hunt Song); nìaynga "(the same) like you" (AMFP).

  1. ayngal [aj.ˈŋal] (Ergative:) you. ► ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] ayngal "so choose one" (ASG, Hunt Song); fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" (AMFP).
  2. aynge [aj.ˈŋɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) your. ► oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit "I feel your love" (AMFP); ’eylan karyusì anygeyä "your friend and teacher" (AMFP).
  3. ayngar [aj.ˈŋaɾ] (or) ayngaru [aj.ˈŋa.ɾu] (Dative:) to you. ► Ayftxozä Lefpom! "Happy Holidays!" (UGO); ayngaru seiyi irayo "I thank you" (AMFP); paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar … "I will decide the best way to bring you …" (AMFP).
  4. ayngati [aj.ˈŋa.ti] (Accusative:) you. ► Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan "I see you, my friends." (AMFP).

ayngenga [aj.ŋɛ.ŋa] (Pron) you (2st person plural; deferential or ceremonial form);aynga. ► ([9]).

ayoe [aj.ˈo.ɛ] (Pron) we (1st person plural, exclusive).Terìran ayoe … rerol ayoe … "We are walking … we are singing …" (ASG, Hunt Song); Tivìran po ayoekip … "Let her walk among us …" ([10] Jan 09).

  1. ayoer [aj.wɛɾ] (or) ayoeru [aj.wɛ.ɾu] (Dative:) to us. ► trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul "the day that you will give us more words" (CwT).

ayohe [aj.o.hɛ] (Pron) we (1st person plural exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);ayoe. ► The inclusive form is ohe ayngengasì [I and you] or ohe pxengengasì [I and (the three of) you] ([11]).

ayoeng [aj.ˈwɛŋ] (or) awnga [awŋa] (Pron) we (1st person plural, inclusive). ► ([12]).

  1. ayoengal [aj.wɛ.ŋal] (or) awngal [awŋal] (Ergative:) we. ► ([13] Feb 18); awngal yom wutsot [we eat the meal] (Why is).
  2. awngeyä [awŋɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) our. ► Aylì’ufa awngeyä ’eylanä a’ewan Markusì "In the words of our young friend Markus" (AMFP).
  3. awngar [awŋaɾ] (Dative:) to us. ► … fohu a … zamolunge awngar "with those who brought us …" (AMFP).

ayRam aLusìng [aj.ˈɾam a.lu.ˈsɪŋ] (NP) the Floating Mountains.

Ä [æ]

[æ] (M) genitive suffix (in case of the word ending on a consonant, diphthong or pseudo-vowel) [allomorph: -yä ]. ► ayzìsìtä kato "the rhythm of the years" (ASG, Weaving Song); tìftia kifkeyä "the study of the physical world" (SciMag); [kato] trrä sì txonä "[the rhythm] of night and day [lit.: day and night]" (ASG, Weaving Song).

äie [æ.ˈi.ɛ] (N) vision (spiritual sense).

‹äng› [æŋ] (Inf 2) to indicate negative feelings ‹pej›. ► längu "is-neg-attitude", tayarängon "will hunt (and the speaker feels negative about it)" (LL); ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng "no answer has arrived" (AMFP).

äo [ˈæ.o] (Adp–) under, below. ► äo Vitrautral "under the Tree of Souls" (Lemondrop).

‹äp› [æ.p] (Inf pre-1) to make a reflexive verb, which is intransitive. ► oe tsäpe’a "I see myself." (RaN).

ätxäle [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ] (N) request.

ätxäle si [æ.ˈtʼæ.lɛ si] (Vin) request. ► Uses tsnì to introduce the clause for what is requested, ätxäle si tsnì livu oheru Uniltaron "I respectfully request the Dream Hunt" (BtS).

E [ɛ]

ean [ˈɛ.an] (Adj) blue, green. ► Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [lit.: blue and yellow]" (ASG, Weaving Song).

‹ei› [ɛ.i] (Inf 2) to indicate positive feelings ‹approb› [allomorph: -eiy ]. ► tayareion "will hunt (and the speaker feels positive about it)" (LL); Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO); ayngaru seiyi irayo "I thank you" (AMFP).

‹eiy› [ɛ.i.j] (Inf 2) allomorph of ↑ ‹ei› (in case of a following i).

ekxan [ɛ.ˈkʼan] (N) barricade, obstruction.

eltu [ˈɛl.tu] (N) brain.

eltu lefngap [ˈɛl.tu lɛ.ˈfŋap] (N) computer (lit.: metallic brain).

eltu si [ˈɛl.tu si] (Vin) pay attention, quit goofing off.

eltungawng [ˈɛl.tu.ŋawŋ] (N) brainworm (zool.).

emza’u [ɛm.ˈza.ʔu] (V) pass (a test).

eo [ˈɛ.o] (Adp–) before, in front of.

‹er› [ɛ.ɾ] (Inf 1) to indicate imperfective aspect ‹ipfv›. ► teraron "be hunting" (LL); Neytiri herahaw "Neytiri is sleeping" (MSNBC); oe perey "I am waiting" (AMFP); palulukan a teraron "a thanator that's hunting" ([14]).

etrìp [ˈɛt.ɾɪp] (Adj) favorable, auspicious.

Etrìpa syayvi! [ˈɛt.ɾɪp.a ˈsjaj.vi] (Idiom) "Good luck!".

EY [ɛj]

eyawr [ɛj.ˈawɾ] (Adj) correct, right. ► ([15]).

‹eyk› [ɛj.k] (Inf pre-1) to make a causative verb; the person, who is made to do the action of the verb, is added as a dative (A makes 'to' B doing something) or using fa (A has something be done 'by' B). ► Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" (or) Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([16] Feb 17).

eyk [ɛjk] (V) lead.

eyktan [ˈɛjk.tan] (N) leader.

eylan’eylan.

Eywa [ˈɛj.wa] (NP) Eywa, 'the Great Mother' (the deity of the Na’vi).

Eywa ngahu [ˈɛj.wa ˈŋa.hu] (Idiom) Goodbye! Eywa (be) with you! ► Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" (FL).

Eywa’eveng [ˌɛj.wa.ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ] (NP) Pandora (lit.: child of Eywa). ► "it works as a compound" ([17] Jan 20).

F [f]

fa [fa] (Adp–) with, by means of. ► aylì’ufa "in the words [of …]" (AMFP); Eytukanìl fa Neytiri yerikit teykolaron "Eytukan had a hexapede hunted by Neytiri" ([18] Feb 17).

fahew [fa.ˈhɛw] (N) smell. ► fahew "smell" (LL).

fay+ [faj] (M+) proximal demonstrative prefix (plural): these (… here). ► fayvrrtep "these demons" (TO); teri faytele [about these topics] ([19] Feb 17).

pa [ˈfæ.pa] (N) top.

fewi [ˈfɛ.wi] (Vtr) chase.

feyäayfo.

fì- [fɪ] (M–) proximal demonstrative prefix (singular): this (… here). ► fìskxawng(ìri) "this moron" (TO); fìaylì’u(t) [these words] ([20] Jan 27).

’u [fɪ.ˈʔu] (Pron) this (thing) (↑ a fì’u). ► "Fì’u means 'this thing, object, idea, fact, abstraction'" ([21] Dec 27); Fpìrmìl oel futa aynga natsew tsive’a fì’ut. [I was just thinking that you might want to see this] ([22]).

fya [fɪ.ˈfja] (Adv) this way, like this.

kem [fɪ.ˈkɛm] (Pron) this (action).

po [ˈfɪ.po] (Pron) this one (person or thing).

trr [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː] (Adv) today.

txan [fɪ.ˈtʼan] (Adv) so, to such an extent. ► fìtxan nìftxavang "so passionately" (AMFP).

txon [fɪ.ˈtʼon] (Adv) tonight. ► Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

tseng [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ] (or) tsenge [fɪ.ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] (Adv) here, this place. ► Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì "These demons are forbidden here" (TO); Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak? "Do you come here often?" (Lemondrop).

fkarut [ˈfka.ɾut] (V) peel.

fkay [fkaj] (Adj) hateful.

fkew [fkɛw] (Adj) mighty.

fkip [fkip] (Adp–) up among.

fko [fko] (Pron) one, they (in the general sense).Oeru syaw fko Neytiri "My name is Neytiri [lit.: one calls (to) me Neytiri]" (RaN).

fkxake [ˈfkʼa.kɛ] (V) itch.

fkxen [fkʼɛn] (N) vegetable (food).

flä [flæ] (Vin) succeed. ► Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan! [Your examination succeeded well!] ([23] Jan 20).

flew [flɛw] (N) throat.

fmal [fmal] (Vtr) sustain.

fmawn [fmawn] (N) news, something to report. ► sìltsana fmawn "good news" AMFP).

fmetok [ˈfmɛ.tok] (V) test.

fmi [fmi] (Vtr + subjunctive) try, attempt.

fnawe’ [fna.ˈwɛʔ] (Adj) cowardly.

fnawe’tu [fna.ˈwɛʔ.tu] (N) coward.

fne- [fnɛ] (M–) kind, type (of) (noun prefix). ► (EDM).

fnel [fnɛl] (N) kind, type. ► (EDM).

fnepe [ˈfnɛ.pɛ] (Q) which kind (alternative form: pefnel). ► (EDM).

fnu [fnu] (V) quiet (= be quiet).

fngap [fŋap] (N) metal. ► (MND).

fo, fo…ayfo, ayfo….

fpak [fpak] (V) hold off, suspend action.

fpe’ [fpɛʔ] (Vtr) send. ► fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" (AMFP).

fpeio [fpɛ.ˈi.o] (N) challenge (ceremonial).

fpi [fpi] (Adp+) for (the benefit or sake of). ► Fayupxare layu aysngä’iyufpi "these messages will be for beginners" (Na'viteri).

fpìl [fpɪl] (Vtr) think. ► "fpìl is transitive", Oel fpolìl futa … "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([24] Dec 27).

fpìlfya [ˈfpɪl.fja] (N) thought pattern, way of thinking.

fpom [fpom] (N) well-being, happiness; peace. ► Ngaru lu fpom srak? "Do you have a sense of well-being?" (VF).

fpomtokx [fpom.ˈtokʼ] (N) health (physical). ► (EDM).

fpxafaw [ˈfpʼa.faw] (N) medusa (zool.).

fpxäkìm [ˈfpʼæ.kɪm] (V) enter.

fra’u [ˈfɾa.ʔu] (Pron) everything. ► vay set ’almong a fra’u "everything that has blossomed until now" (GMA).

frakrr [ˈfɾa.kr̩ː] (N) every time; (Adv) always. ► "frakrr 'always'", about krr being a noun used averbially see also (Krr noun vs. adverb).

fralo [ˈfɾa.lo] (Adv) every time, each time. ► fralo poe poltxe san kehe "each time she said 'no'" (TH).

frapo [ˈfɾa.po] (Pron) everyone.

frato [ˈfɾa.to] (M) comparative marker: than all, superlative (most, -est).

fratrr [fɾa.ˈtr̩ː] (Adv) every day.

fratxon [fɾa.ˈtʼon] (Adv) every night.

fratseng [ˈfɾa.ʦɛŋ] (Adv) everywhere.

frawzo [fɾaw.ˈzo] (Idiom) All is well; everything is fine or OK. ► (fra’u + zo).

frìp [fɾɪp] (Vtr) bite.

frrfen [ˈfr̩ː.fɛn] (Vtr) visit. ► "frrfen (stress on 1st) = visit (transitive verb)" (Vocabulary and <iyev>).

frrtu [ˈfr̩ː.tu] (N) visitor, guest. ► "frrtu = guest" (Vocabulary and <iyev>).

ftang [ftaŋ] (V) stop.

ftawnemkrr [ftaw.ˈnɛm.kr̩ː] (N) past.

ftär [ftæɾ] (Adj) left (not right).

fte [ftɛ] (Conj) so that, (in order) to. ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([25]).

fteke [ˈftɛ.kɛ] (Conj) so that not, lest.

ftem [ftɛm] (Vtr) pass by (something).

ftia [fti.ˈa] (V) study.

ftu [ftu] (Adp–) from (direction).

ftue [ˈftu.ɛ] (Adj) easy, simple. ► Sìpawm ngeyä ke lu ftue [Your questions aren't easy] ([26] Feb 18).

ftxavang [ˈftʼa.vaŋ] (Adj) passionate.

ftxey [ftʼɛj] (Vtr) choose. ► ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] (…) ayngal "choose one" (ASG, Hunt Song).

ftxì [ftʼɪ] (N) tongue. ► (MND).

ftxìlor [ftʼɪ.ˈloɾ] (Adj) delicious, good-tasting.

ftxìvä’ [ftʼɪ.ˈvæʔ] (Adj) bad-tasting.

ftxo [ftʼo.ˈzæ] (N) holiday, celebration, happy occasion. ► Ayftxozä Lefpom! "Happy Holidays!" (UGO and [27] Dec 27); Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx! "Happy Holidays to You All!" (OoOA).

fu [fu] (Conj) or. ► "nor" can be expressed using "or" (fu) with a negative: to do neither A nor B is not to do A or B (MND).

furia [ˈfu.ɾi.a] (Conj) that (contraction of fì’uri a, ↑ a fì’u).

futa [ˈfu.ta] (Conj) that (contraction of fì’ut a, ↑ a fì’u). ► Oel new futa kivä [I want to go], Oel new futa Taronyu kivä "I want Taronyu to go" (CwT); Oel fpolìl futa … "I thought this thing, (namely) that …" ([28] Dec 27).

fwa [fwa] (Conj) that (contraction of fì’u a, ↑ a fì’u).

fwä [ˈfwæ.kɪ] (N) mantis.

fwel [fwɛl] (Adj) broken.

fwew [fwɛw] (Vtr) look for, seek.

fya’o [ˈfja.ʔo] (N) path, way; method, manner (acc.: fya’ot).paye’un sweya fya’ot "I will decide the best way" (AMFP).

fyape [ˈfja.pɛ] (Q) how (alternative form: pefya).Fyape fko syaw ngar? "What's your name?" [lit.: How does one call (to) you?]. (Reflexives).

fya·wìntxu [fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] (Vin + dative) guide. ► oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu "I want to guide you" (AMFP).

fyeyn [fjɛjn] (Adj) ripe, mature, adult.

fyeyntu [ˈfjɛjn.tu] (N) adult person.

H [h]

ha [ha] (Conj) so, in that case. ► ha ftxey awpot [< ’awpot?] "So choose one" (ASG, Hunt Song).

ha’ngir [haʔ.ˈŋiɾ] (N); (Adv) afternoon. ► (TH).

hahaw [ˈha.haw] (Vin) sleep. ► "hahaw = sleep" ([29] Jan 27); Neytiri herahaw "Neytiri is sleeping" (MSNBC).

ham [ham] (Adj) last, previous. ► (TH).

hamalo [ha.ˈma.lo] (Adv) last time.

hangham [ˈhaŋ.ham] (Vin) laugh.

hapxì [ha.ˈpʼɪ] (N) part.

hapxìtu [ha.ˈpʼɪ.tu] (N) member. ► (TH).

hasey [ha.ˈsɛj] (Adj) done, finished.

hawl [hawl] (V) prepare. ► (TH).

hawnu [ˈhaw.nu] (V) protect, shelter.

hawng [hawŋ] (N) overabundance.

hawngkrr [ˈhawŋ.kr̩ː] (Adv) late.

hay [haj] (Adj) next. ► alo ahay oe zasya'u mì rewon "next time I'll come in the morning" (TH).

hayalo [ha.ˈja.lo] (Adv) next time. ► hayalo ta oe or hayalo oeta "next time from me," a phrase for responding to thanks (Na'viteri).

hek [hɛk] (Vin) be curious, odd, strange, unexpected.

hetuwongketuwong.

hewne [ˈhɛw.nɛ] (Adj) soft (of an object).

heyn [hɛjn] (Vin) sit.

hiyìk [ˈhi.jɪk] (Adj) funny, strange.

’ang [ˈhɪ.ʔaŋ] (N) insect.

’i [ˈhɪ.ʔi] (Adj) little, small (in seize).

krr [ˈhɪ.kr̩ː] (N) second, a very short time. ► maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw "we will return after a short time" (Zenke).

hìm [hɪm] (Adj) small (in quantity), a little.

hìmtxampe [hɪm.ˈtʼam.pɛ] (Q) how much (alternative form: pìmtxan).

hìmtxan [hɪm.ˈtʼan] (N) amount.

hol [hol] (Adj) few. ► "hol = few" (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

holpxay [hol.ˈpʼaj] (N) number. ► (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

holpxaype [hol.ˈpʼaj.pɛ] (Q) how many (alternative form: polpxay).

horenkoren.

hrrap [ˈhr̩ː.ap] (N) danger.

hu [hu] (Adp–) with (together with somebody, accompaniment).hu nga (or) ngahu "with you" (LL); oehu "with me" (UGO).

hufwa [hu.ˈfwa] (Conj) although.

hufwe [hu.ˈfwɛ] (N) wind.

hum [hum] (V) leave, depart.

I [i]

i’en [ˈiʔ.ɛn] (N) stringed instrument.

iknimaya [ˈik.ni.ˈma.ja] (N) "Stairway to Heaven" (a rite of passage of the Na’vi).

ikran [ˈik.ɾan] (N) ikran, banshee (zool.).ikran "banshee" (LL).

‹ilv› [il.v] (Inf 1) to indicate both, perfective aspect and subjunctive mood ‹pfv.sjv›. ► "present perfect subjunctive" (Fused -iv-infixes).

‹imv› [im.v] (Inf 1) to indicate both, past (or recent past) tense and subjunctive mood ‹pst.sjv› (or) ‹rec.sjv›. ► "past subjunctive" (Fused -iv-infixes).

io [ˈi.o] (Adp–) above.

ioang [i.ˈo.aŋ] (N) animal, beast.

irayo [i.ˈɾa.jo] (N/Idiom) thank(s). ► Irayo nìmum [Thank you again] ([30] Jan 27).

irayo si [i.ˈɾa.jo si] (Vin + dative) to thank (someone). ► ayngaru seiyi irayo "I thank you" (AMFP).

‹irv› [iɾ.v] (Inf 1) to indicate both, imperfective aspect and subjunctive mood ‹ipfv.sjv›. ► "present imperfect subjunctive" (Fused -iv-infixes).

-it [it] (M) accusative suffix (in case of the word ending on a consonant) [allomorphs: -t, -ti ]. ► Neytiril yerikit tolaron "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" (MSNBC); oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit "I feel your love" (AMFP); kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" (AMFP).

‹iv› [i.v] (Inf 1) to indicate subjunctive mood ‹sjv›.

  1. as optative ‹opt› to indicate a wish or hope. ► oeyä txe’lan livu ngay "let my heart be true" (ASG, Hunt Song); ’Ivong *Na’vi! "Let *Na’vi bloom!" (AMFP).
  2. as iussive ‹just› to indicate encouragement. ► spivaw oeti rutxe "please believe me" (AMFP); Oeyä ikran slivu nga "Be my ikran" (Lemondrop).
  3. accompanying certain verbs, namely
    1. fmi (try, attempt).
    2. new (want). ► Txo new nga rivey, oehu! "Come with me, if you want to live!" (UGO); oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu "I want to guide you" (AMFP).
    3. tsun (be able). ► fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng "news to give you" [= news, which I am able to give you] (AMFP).
    4. zene (must). ► livu win sì txur oe zene "I must be fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song); zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu … "I must work together with those …" (AMFP).
  4. in hypothetical conditional sentences (potentialis [and irrealis?]). ► pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr … "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" (ASG, Hunt Song).

‹iyev› [i.jɛ.v] (Inf 1) to indicate both, future (or immediate future) tense and subjunctive mood ‹fut.sjv› (or) ‹imm.sjv› (alternative form: ‹ìyev›). ► "The -iyev- infix (…) is a 'fused' form combining tense and subjunctive mood. This one is a future subjunctive." (Vocabulary and <iyev>); "Both -iyev- and -ìyev- are acceptable." (Fused -iv-infixes).

Ì [ɪ]

-ìl [ɪl] (M) ergative suffix (in case of the word ending on a consonant) [allomorph: -l ]. ► oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk "Let the truth strike my heart" (ASG, Hunt Song); Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([31]).

ì [ˈɪ.læ] (or) ì [ɪ.ˈlæ] (Adp+) by, via, following.

‹ìm› [ɪ.m] (Inf 1) to indicate recent past tense ‹rec›. ► tìmaron "just now hunted" (LL).

-ìri [ɪɾi] (M) topic suffix (in case of the word ending on a consonant) [allomorph: -ri ]. ► Fìskxawngìri tsapʼalute sengi [< sängi?] oe "I apologize for this moron" (TO); Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo [I thank you for your questions] ([32] Jan 19).

‹ìrm› [ɪɾ.m] (Inf 1) to indicate both, recent past tense and imperfective aspect ‹rec.ipfv›. ► tìrmaron "was just now hunting" (LL).

‹ìy› [ɪ.j] (Inf 1) to indicate immediate future tense ‹imm›. ► yomtìyìng "will feed" (ASG, Hunt Song); trrit a ngal tìyìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut n’ìul "the day that you will give us more words" (CwT).

‹ìyev›‹iyev›.

K [k]

ka [ka] (Adp–) across.

kakrel [kak.ˈɾɛl] (Adj) blind.

kalin [ka.ˈlin] (Adj) sweet. ► (MND).

kaltxì [kal.ˈtʼɪ] (Idiom) Hello! Greetings! ► Kaltxì! "Greetings! Hello!" (VF); Kaltxì ngaru [I greet you] ([33] Dec 15).

kame [ˈka.mɛ] (Vtr) see (spiritual sense), acknowledge. ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO).

kan [kan] (V) aim. ► "kan is the verb meaning 'aim'" ([34] Dec 20).

kanu [ˈka.nu] (Adj) smart, intelligent (for a person).

kangay [ka.ˈŋaj] (Adj) valid.

kar [kaɾ] (Vtr) teach.

karyu [ˈkaɾ.ju] (N) teacher. ► ’eylan karyusì anygeyä "your friend and teacher" (AMFP).

kato [ˈka.to] (N) rhythm (acc.: katot).Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato "The rhythm of rain and sun" (ASG, Weaving Song); Katot täftxu oel "I weave the rhythm" (ASG, Weaving Song).

kavuk [ka.ˈvuk] (N) treachery.

kavuk si [ka.ˈvuk si] (Vin) betray.

kaw’it [kaw.ˈʔit] (Adv) not a bit, not at all. ► Used in ke... kaw’it for not at all (April 6 Miscellany).

kawkrr [ˈkaw.kr̩ː] (N) no time; (Adv) never. ► "kawkrr 'never'", about krr being a noun used averbially see also (Krr noun vs. adverb).

kawng [kawŋ] (Adj) bad, evil.

kawtu [ˈkaw.tu] (Pron) no one, nobody. ► ke lu kawtu "there's nobody" (Lemondrop).

kaym [kajm] (N); (Adv) evening. ► (TH).

[kæ] (Vin) go. ► Oe zene kivä "I must go" (CwT); poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk "Eytukan said he would go [lit.: Eytukan said ‹quote.in› I will go ‹quote.out›]" ([35] Jan 21).

’ärìp [kæ.ˈʔæ.ɾɪp] (Vtr) push.

makto [kæ.ˈmak.to] (V) ride out.

pxì [kæ.ˈpʼɪ] (N) rear (rear part or section).

satseng [kæ.ˈsa.ʦɛŋ] (Adv) out there.

ke [kɛ] (Adv) not. ► oel pot ke spaw "I don't believe him" ([36] Jan 21); ke rey a tute "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([37]).

ke’aw [kɛ.ˈʔaw] (Adj) divided, torn apart, strife-ridden.

ke’u [ˈkɛ.ʔu] (Pron) nothing.

kea [ˈkɛ.a] (Adj) no ~ (to negate a noun).

keftxo [kɛ.ˈftʼo] (Adj) unhappy, upset; (Idiom) "How sad!". ► (EDM).

kefya [kɛ.ˈfja] (Idiom) used to create a tag question, in the form kefya srak? like Fr. "n'est-ce pas?", Engl. "right?", or Germ. "nicht wahr?" at the end of a statement; kefya srak? may be further shortened to kefyak? ► (Tag Question).

kehe [ˈkɛ.hɛ] (Adv) no.

kelfpomtokx [kɛl.ˈfpom.tokʼ] (Adj) unhealthy. ► (EDM).

kelku [ˈkɛl.ku] (N) home, house.

kelku si [ˈkɛl.ku si] (Vin) live, dwell.

keltsun [kɛl.ˈʦun] (Adj) impossible.

Kelutral [ˈkɛl.ut.ɾal] (NP) Hometree ([former] home of the Omatikaya clan of the Na’vi). ► zera'u fte fol Kelutralti skiva'a "they're coming to destroy Hometree" (BtS).

kem [kɛm] (N) action, deed. ► kem(ì)ri a ngaru prrte' ke lu "any action which you don't like" (GMA).

kemlì’u [ˈkɛm.lɪ.ʔu] (N) verb.

kemlì’uvi [ˈkɛm.lɪ.ʔu.vi] (N) verb infix (lit.: spawn of action word). ► (Na'viteri).

kempe [ˈkɛm.pɛ] (Q) what (action) (alternative form: pehem).

kenong [ˈkɛ.noŋ] (V) model, represent, exemplify.

keng [kɛŋ] (Adv) even. ► ex. "didn't even try".

kerusey [ˈkɛ.ɾu.sɛj] (Adj) dead. ► keruseya tute "dead (= non-living) person", Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([38]).

keteng [ˈkɛ.tɛŋ] (Adj) different.

ketuwong [ˈkɛ.tu.woŋ] (N) alien (short plural: hetuwong).Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([39]).

kew [kɛw] (Num) zero, 0. ► (TH).

kewong [ˈkɛ.woŋ] (Adj) alien. ► fahew akewong "alien smell" (LL).

key [kɛj] (N) face.

keyawr [kɛ.ˈjawɾ] (Adj) wrong, incorrect.

keye’ung [kɛ.ˈjɛ.ʔuŋ] (N) insanity.

ki [ki] (Conj) but rather, but instead.

kifkey [ki.ˈfkɛj] (N) the (physical, solid) world. ► tìftia kifkeyä "the study of the physical world ['science']" (SciMag).

  1. kifkey Eywa’evengä [ki.ˈfkɛj ɛj.wa.ˈʔɛ.vɛŋ.æ] (N) world of Pandora (lit.: world of the child of Eywa) (↑ Eywa’eveng). ► kifkeyit Eywa’evengä zamolunge awngar "[they] have brought us the world of Pandora" (AMFP).

kilvan [kil.ˈvan] (N) river. ► ngima kilvan (or) kilvan angim "long river" (LL).

kin [kin] (V) need.

kinam [ki.ˈnam] (N) leg.

kinamtil [ki.ˈnam.til] (N) knee.

ki [ˈki.næ] (Num) seven. ► (Numerals).

kive [ˈki.vɛ] (Adj) seventh. ► (Ordinal number).

kip [kip] (Adp–) among. ► ayngakip "among you" (ASG, Hunt Song); Tivìran po ayoekip … "Let her walk among us …" ([40] Jan 09).

kivol [ˈki.vol] (Num) (octal:) 70 (= decimal: 56). ► (Numerals).

’ong [kɪ.ˈʔoŋ] (Adj) slow.

kìm [kɪm] (V) spin.

kìng [kɪŋ] (N) thread.

te’e [kɪ.ˈtɛ.ʔɛ] (N) service.

kìyevame [kɪ.jɛ.ˈva.mɛ] (Idiom) See you again soon! Goodbye! ► kìyevame "see you again" (FL); Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu "Goodbye for now, and may Eywa be with you" (AMFP); lit.: "May (we) See (each other again) in the future." (Fused -iv-infixes).

kll·fro’ [kl̩ː.ˈfɾoʔ] (V) be responsible.

kll· [kl̩ː.ˈkæ] (V) descend.

kll·kulat [kl̩ː.ˈku.lat] (V) dig up. ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([41]).

kll·kxem [kl̩ː.ˈkʼɛm] (V) stand.

kllpa [ˈkl̩ː.pa] (N) bottom.

kllpxìltu [kl̩ː.ˈpʼɪl.tu] (N) territory.

kllte [ˈkl̩ː.tɛ] (N) ground.

klltseng [ˈkl̩ː.ʦɛŋ] (N) position.

ko [ko] (Part) sentence-final particle to solicit agreement. ► ([42] Jan 09).

koak [ˈko.ak] (Adj) old, aged (for living things).

koren [ko.ˈɾɛn] (N) rule, guideline (short plural: horen). ► [zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" (AMFP); "Rule is koren" ([43] Dec 20).

kop [kop] (Adv) also, too, as well.

krr [kr̩ː] (N) time, ↑ a krr.

  1. krro krro [ˈkr̩ː.o ˈkr̩ː.o] (Adv) at times, on occasion (Na'viteri).

krr·nekx [kr̩ː.ˈnɛkʼ] (Vin) take/consume time. ► fwa oel fìtìkangkemvit sngeykivä’i krrnolekx nìtxan "me starting this project took a long time" (Na'viteri).

krrpe [ˈkr̩ː.pɛ] (Q) when (for questions only).

ku’up [ˈkuʔ.up] (Adj) heavy (physical weight). ► (TH).

kunsìp [ˈkun.sɪp] (N) gunship.

kurakx [ku.ˈɾakʼ] (V) drive out.

KX [kʼ]

kxa [kʼa] (N) mouth.

kxam [kʼam] (N) middle, midpoint.

kxam [ˈkʼam.læ] (Adp–) through (= via the middle of).

kxamtrr [ˈkʼam.tr̩ː] (N); (Adv) midday, noon. ► (TH).

kxamtrrmaw [ˈkʼam.tr̩ː.maw] (N); (Adv) after midday, after noon (↑ kxamtrr). ► (TH).

kxamtxomaw [ˈkʼam.tʼo.maw] (N); (Adv) after midnight (as the middle of the night) (↑ kxamtxon). ► (TH).

kxamtxon [ˈkʼam.tʼon] (N); (Adv) midnight (as the middle of the night). ► (TH).

kxamtseng [ˈkʼam.ʦɛŋ] (N) center, place in the middle.

kxa [ˈkʼa.nɪ] (Adj) forbidden. ► Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì "These demons are forbidden here" (TO).

kxangangang [ˈkʼaŋ.aŋ.aŋ] (Onom) boom.

kxawm [kʼawm] (Adv) perhaps, maybe. ► kxawm oe harmahängaw [maybe I fell asleep] ([44] Jan 27).

kxayl [kʼajl] (Adj) high (in dimension; in space).

kxener [ˈkʼɛ.nɛɾ] (N) smoke.

kxetse [ˈkʼɛ.ʦɛ] (N) tail.

kxeyey [ˈkʼɛ.jɛj] (N) error, mistake. ► Kxeyeyri tsap’alute sengi oe, "kxeyey = mistake, error" (CwT).

kxitx [kʼitʼ] (N) death.

kxll [kʼl̩ː] (N) charge.

kxll si [kʼl̩ː si] (Vin) charge. ► Tengkrr palulukan moene kxll sarmi, ... (Reading In Public).

kxu [kʼu] (N) harm. ► ([45]).

kxuke [ˈkʼu.kɛ] (Adj) safe.

kxutu [ˈkʼu.tu] (N) enemy.

L [l]

-l [l] (M) ergative suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel). ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO); Neytiril yerikit tolaron "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" (MSNBC).

lahe [ˈla.hɛ] (Adj) other. ► tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" (GMA); Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is). Lahe has the sense of "else" when used with nouns marked with indefinite -o, as in lu law ’uo alahe, ma eylan "something else is clear, my friends" (Na'viteri).

lam [lam] (Vin) seem, appear.

lapo [ˈla.po] (Pron) another one (person or thing).

laro [ˈla.ɾo] (Adj) clean.

latem [ˈla.tɛm] (Vin) change (something is changing). ► "'Change' is indeed latem, but it's the intransitive version […]", the transitive version is formed using the causative infix: leykatem [someone changes something] ([46] Feb 15).

latsi [la.ˈʦi] (V) keep up with someone.

law [law] (Adj) clear, certain. ► Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know [lit.: it will be clear to you]" (Krr); Sìlpey oe, oeyä tì’eyng law livu ngar [I hope, my answer is clear to you] (Fused -iv-infixes).

layon [la.ˈjon] (Adj) black.

le- [lɛ] (M–) to turn a noun into an adjective. ► lefpom "happy" (OoOA); in cases, where adjectives of this type are positioned after their belonging noun, the attributive marker a is usually omitted, thus: ayftxozä lefpom = ayftxozä alefpom ([47] Dec 27); aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi "the words and the rules of Na’vi" (AMFP).

lefkrr [lɛ.ˈfkr̩ː] (Adj) current.

lefngap [lɛ.ˈfŋap] (Adj) metallic.

lefpom [lɛ.ˈfpom] (Adj) happy. ► "lefpom = happy, peaceful, joyous (not for people)" (in contrast to ↑ nitram) ([48] Jan 31); Ayftxozä Lefpom! "Happy Holidays!" (UGO); Txon lefpom (livu ngar) "(It may be to you a) good night" ([49] Jan 31).

lefpomtokx [lɛ.fpom.ˈtokʼ] (Adj) healthy. ► (EDM).

lehawng [lɛ.ˈhawŋ] (Adj) excessive.

lehawngkrr [lɛ.ˈhawŋ.kr̩ː] (Adj) late.

lehrrap [lɛ.ˈhr̩ː.ap] (Adj) dangerous. ► Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([50]).

lek [lɛk] (V) heed, obey.

lekin [lɛ.ˈkin] (Adj) necessary.

lekye’ung [lɛk.ˈjɛ.ʔuŋ] (Adj) insane, crazy.

lemweypey [lɛm.ˈwɛj.pɛj] (Adj) patient. ► (EDM).

len [lɛn] (Vin) occur, happen.

leNa’viNa’vi.

lenomum [lɛ.ˈno.mum] (Adj) curious. ► (↑ newomum).

lerìk [lɛ.ˈɾɪk] (Adj) leafy.

lertu [ˈlɛɾ.tu] (N) colleague.

lesar [lɛ.ˈsaɾ] (Adj) useful.

letam [lɛ.ˈtam] (Adj) sufficient. ► (EDM).

letrr [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː] (Adj) daily. ► "I like letrr for daily!", mì oeyä letrra tìrey [in may daily life] (CwT).

letrrtrr [lɛ.ˈtr̩ː.tr̩ː] (Adj) ordinary.

letsranten [lɛ.ˈʦɾan.tɛn] (Adj) important. ► (EDM).

letsunslu [lɛ.ˈʦun.slu] (Adj) possible. ► "letsunslu = possible" (Vocabulary and <iyev>).

lew [lɛw] (N) cover, lid.

lew si [lɛw si] (Vin) cover.

leye’krr [lɛ.ˈjɛʔ.kr̩ː] (Adj) early.

lì’fya [ˈlɪʔ.fja] (N) language. ► eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx "to all friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

lì’fyavi [ˈlɪʔ.fja.vi] (N) expression, bit of language.

’u [ˈlɪ.ʔu] (N) word (acc.: lì’ut).[zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" (AMFP); aylì’ufa "in the words [of …]" (AMFP).

’upam [ˈlɪ.ʔu.pam] (N) accent. ► (Na'viteri).

’upe [lɪ.ˈʔu.pɛ] (Q) what (word, utterance) (alternative form: pelì’u).

lìm [lɪm] (Vin) far (= be far).

lìng [lɪŋ] (Vin) float in the air, hover.

lok [lok] (Adp–) close to.

lok [lok] (V) get close to, approach. ► fteke nìhawng livok "(careful) not to get too close".

lonu [lo.ˈnu] (Vtr) release, let go.

lor [loɾ] (Adj) beautiful, pleasant to the senses. ► lor "beautiful, pleasant to the senses" [in contrast to ↑ sevin] (LL).

lrrtok [ˈlr̩ː.tok] (N) smile.

lrrtok si [ˈlr̩ː.tok si] (Vin) smile.

lu [lu] (Vin) be. ► "Lu, (…) is 'to be'" ([51] Dec 18).

  1. be (am, are, is; the copula). ► Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu. "My nose is full of his smell" (LL).
  2. to indicate existence (there is). ► awpot [< ’awpot?] ftxey ayngal a l(u) ayngakip "choose one among you [= one, who is/exists among you]" (ASG, Hunt Song).
  3. in combination with a dative to indicate possession (have). ► Ngaru lu fpom srak? "Do you have a sense of well-being?" (VF); layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn "I well soon have good news" (AMFP). "... contrary to the general principle of flexible word order, 'have' constructions usually begin with the verb. So 'I have an ikran' is: Lu oeru ikran." (Dative possessive).

luke [ˈlu.kɛ] (Adp–) without. ► ([52]).

lumpe [ˈlum.pɛ] (Q) why (alternative form: pelun).

lun [lun] (N) reason. ► related to talun(a) "because"; see also oeyk and taweyk(a) (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

M [m]

ma [ma] (M–) vocative marker in front of the belonging noun. ► Tewti, ma Prrton! "Wow, Prrton!" (LL); Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan "I see you, my friends" (AMFP); multiple vocatives are usually clustered: ma smukan sì smuke "Brothers and sisters!" (not: ma smukan sì ma smuke) ([53]); ma is always in front of all words included in the address: ma oeyä eylan "My friends!"; ma can't be used as a suffix or enclitic ([54]).

makto [ˈmak.to] (V) ride. ► oeng ’awsiteng mivakto "let's ride together" (Lemondrop).

maw [maw] (Adp–) after (time). ► maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw "we will return after a short time" (Zenke).

mawey [ma.ˈwɛj] (Adj) calm. ► ngari txe'lan mawey livu "don't worry (about it)" (Fmawno).

mawey·pey [ma.ˈwɛj.pɛj] (Vin) be patient. ► (EDM).

maweypeyyu [ma.ˈwɛj.pɛj.ju] (N) one who is patient. ► (TH).

mawkrr [maw.kr̩ː] (Adv) after (time), afterwards.

me’em [mɛ.ˈʔɛm] (Adj) harmonious.

me+ [mɛ] (M+) dual marker. ► meveng [< me+ + ’eveng] ([55] Jan 20).

mefo [ˈmɛ.fo] (Pron) they (= those two). (3rd person dual). ► ([56]).

mekre [ˈmɛk.ɾɛ] (N) supplies.

melo [ˈmɛ.lo] (Adv) twice (↑ alo).

menga [mɛ.ŋa] (Pron) you (= the two of you) (2st person dual). ► ([57]).

mengenga [mɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] (Pron) you (2st person dual; deferential or ceremonial form);menga. ► ([58]).

meoauniaea [ˌmɛ.o.a.uni.a.ˈɛ.a] (N) harmony, living at one with nature. ► (EDM).

meSrrmrrvam [mɛ.sr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvam] (N); (Adv) Thursday (of 2 weeks previous). ► (EDM).

meSrrmrrvay [mɛ.sr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvaj] (N); (Adv) Thursday (of 2 weeks out). ► (EDM).

meuia [mɛ.ˈu.i.a] (N) honor. ► Oeru meuia "the honor is mine," an idiom for responding to thanks (Na'viteri).

mevol [ˈmɛ.vol] (Num) (octal:) 20 (= decimal: 16). ► (Numerals).

meyp [mɛjp] (Adj) weak.

mi [mi] (Adv) yet, still (= as before). ► (MND).

mikyun [ˈmik.jun] (N) ear.

mip [mip] (Adj) new. ► Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru! [Happy New Year to You!] ([59] Dec 31).

[mɪ] (Adp+) in, on (about place and time).mì sokx "in the body" (or) "in the bodies" (LL); mì oeyä letrra tìrey "in my daily life" (CwT); ’Rrtamì "on Earth" (GMA).

fa [ˈmɪ.fa] (or) fa [mɪ.ˈfa] (N) inside; (Adv) inside.

kam [mɪ.ˈkam] (Adp–) between.

mìn [mɪn] (V) turn.

so [mɪ.ˈso] (Adv) away (position: "Stay away!"; cf. neto). ► ([60] Feb 15).

mllte [ml̩ː.ˈtɛ] (V) agree.

moe [ˈmo.ɛ] (Pron) we (= the two of us) (1st person dual exclusive). ► ([61]).

mohe [mo.hɛ] (Pron) we (= the two of us) (1st person dual exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);moe. ► The inclusive form is ohe ngengasì [I and you] ([62]).

mokri [ˈmok.ɾi] (N) voice. ► Utral Aymokriyä "Tree of Voices" (Lemondrop).

mowan [mo.ˈwan] (Adj) pleasing, enjoyable.

mrr [mr̩ː] (Num) five. ► (Numerals).

mrrve [ˈmr̩ː.vɛ] (Adj) fifth. ► (Ordinal number).

mrrvol [ˈmr̩ː.vol] (Num) (octal:) 50 (= decimal: 40). ► (Numerals).

muiä [mu.ˈi.æ] (Adj) proper, fair, right, justified.

mun’i [mun.ˈʔi] (V) cut. ► "mun’i is the verb 'cut'" (CwT).

mune [ˈmu.nɛ] (Num) two. ► (Numerals).

muntxa [mun.ˈtʼa] (Adj) mated.

muntxa si [mun.ˈtʼa si] (Vin) mate (with someone).

muntxatan [mun.ˈtʼa.tan] (N) husband, male spouse.

muntxate [mun.ˈtʼa.tɛ] (N) wife, female spouse.

muntxatu [mun.ˈtʼa.tu] (N) spouse.

munge [ˈmu.ŋɛ] (Vtr) take, bring.

mungwrr [muŋ.ˈwr̩ː] (Adp–) except. ► (MND).

muve [ˈmu.vɛ] (Adj) second. ► (Ordinal number).

N [n]

na [na] (Adp–) like, as. ► aylì’u na ayskxe mì te'lan "the words are like stones in my heart" (BtS); Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

naer [na.ˈɛɾ] (N) (something to) drink.

nafì’u [na.fɪ.ˈʔu] (Adj) such.

na’rìng [ˈnaʔ.ɾɪŋ] (N) forest.

Na’vi [ˈnaʔ.vi] (NP) the Na’vi, the People. ► kato te’lanä le-Na’vi "the rhythm of the hearts of the people" (ASG, Weaving Song); awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng "[choose] one, who will feed the People" (ASG, Hunt Song).

  1. Na’vi [nɪ.ˈnaʔ.vi] (Adv) in the manner of the Na’vi. ► ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] (TO); X nìNa’vi slu ’upe? "How do you say X in Na’vi?" [lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?] ([63] Jan 21).
  2. leNa’vi [lɛ.ˈnaʔ.vi] (Adj) Na’vi (as an attribute), 'Na’viean'. ► eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi "to the friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

nantang [ˈnan.taŋ] (N) viperwolf (zool.). [Caniferratus costatus (striped armored wolf); more than 2 meters long, more than 1 m in height; land predator, hunts in small groups (ASG, p. 103/104)].

nang [naŋ] (Part) particle for surprise, exclamation, encouragement. Always sentence-final and appears with nìtxan (a collection).

nari [ˈna.ɾi] (N) eye.

nari si [ˈna.ɾi si] (Vin) watch out, be careful.

natkenong [nat.ˈkɛ.noŋ] (Conj) for example. ► derived from «na.t(ì).kenong» [64] (Na'viteri).

nawm [nawm] (Adj) great, noble.

nawmtu [ˈnawm.tu] (N) great person.

nayn [najn] (Num) nine, 9 (only as decimal figure). ► (TH).

näk [næk] (Vtr) drink.

ne [nɛ] (Adp–) to (direction).Terìran ayoe ayngane "We are walking your way" (ASG, Hunt Song); ne kllte! "get down!" (lit.: to the ground!; ASG). There are idiomatic uses, ke zasyup lì'Ona ne kxutu... "the l'Ona will not perish to the enemy..." (Intentional Future Details).

ne’ìm [nɛ.ˈʔɪm] (Adv) back (direction).

ne [nɛ.ˈfæ] (Adv) up (direction).

nekll [nɛ.ˈkl̩ː] (Adv) down (direction). ► Tìng nari nekll "See below" ([65]).

nekx [nɛkʼ] (Vtr) burn, consume.

nemfa [ˈnɛm.fa] (Adp–) into.

neto [nɛ.ˈto] (Adv) away (direction: "Go away!"; cf. mìso). ► ([66] Feb 15); neto rä’ä kivä! "don't go away!" (GMA).

netrìp [ˈnɛt.ɾɪp] (Adv) luckily, happily.

new [nɛw] (Vtr + subjunctive) want. ► Txo new nga rivey, oehu! "Come with me, if you want to live." (UGO); oe new ayngaru fyawivìntxu "I want to guide you" (AMFP); Oel new kivä = Oel new futa kivä [I want to go], Oel new futa Taronyu kivä "I want Taronyu to go" (CwT).

newomum [nɛw.ˈo.mum] (Vin) be curious (want to know). ► [n●●ewomum].

niä [ni.ˈæ] (Vtr) grab.

nikre [ˈnik.ɾɛ] (N) hair.

nitram [nit.ˈɾam] (Adj) happy (used only for people, Na’vi or humans). (in contrast to ↑ lefpom).

nì- [nɪ] (M–) turns a noun, adjective or numeral into an adverb of modal sense ("in the manner of", "like a", "à la"). ► ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo "to chat with you in Na’vi" [= like the Na’vi] (TO); Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [lit.: blue and yellow]" (ASG, Weaving Song); nì’aw "only" [adv-one] (ASG, Hunt Song); nìaynga "(the same) like you" (AMFP).

nì’aw [nɪ.ʔaw] (Adv) only. ► ha nì’aw, pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari … "So only, only if I am worthy of you …" (ASG, Hunt Song); yom °matsat nì’aw [we eat only °matzah] (Why is).

’awtu [nɪ.ˈʔaw.tu] (Adv) alone (as one person).

’awve [nɪ.ˈʔaw.vɛ] (Adv) first(ly).

’eoio [nɪ.ˈʔɛ.o.i.o] (Adv) ceremoniously.

’eyng [nɪ.ˈʔɛjŋ] (Adv) back, in response, in answer.

’i’a [nɪ.ˈʔi.ʔa] (Adv) finally, at last.

’it [nɪ.ˈʔit] (Adv) small amount, a bit.

’ul [nɪ.ˈʔul] (Adv) more. ► ngal tayìng ayoer(u) aylì’ut nì’ul "you will give us more words" (CwT).

nìawnomum [nɪ.aw.ˈno.mum] (Adv) as you know, as is known. ► (AMFP).

nìayoeng [naj.ˈwɛŋ] (Adv) like us, as we do.

ftue [nɪ.ˈftu.ɛ] (Adv) easily.

ftxavang [nɪ.ˈftʼa.vaŋ] (Adv) passionately, with all heart. ► fìtxan nìftxavang "so passionately" (AMFP).

fya’o [nɪ.ˈfja.ʔo] (Adv) in a manner.

hawng [nɪ.ˈhawŋ] (Adv) too, excessively.

hek [nɪ.ˈhɛk] (Adv) oddly, strangely. ► sentence adverbial only; nìfya’o a hek ‘in a way that’s strange’.

nìk’ong [nɪk.ˈʔoŋ] (Adv) slowly.

kanu [nɪ.ˈka.nu] (Adv) intelligently, in a smart way.

nìkeftxo [nɪ.kɛ.ˈftʼo] (Adv) unfortunately, sadly. ► (EDM).

law [nɪ.ˈlaw] (Adv) clearly.

nìlkeftang [nɪl.kɛ.ˈftaŋ] (Adv) continuously, without stopping.

nìltsan [nɪl.ˈʦan] (Adv) well. ► Plltxe nga nìltsan! "You speak well!" (LL); Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan! [Your examination succeeded well!] ([67] Jan 20).

mun [nɪ.ˈmun] (Adv) again. ► Ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìmun [I thank you again] ([68] Jan 07).

nìmwey [nɪm.ˈwɛj] (Adv) calmly, peacefully. ► (TH).

  1. hivahaw nìmwey [hi.ˈva.haw nɪm.ˈwɛj] (Idiom) “goodnight”. ► (when it’s bedtime) (TH).

nìmweypey [nɪm.ˈwɛj.pɛj] (Adv) patiently. ► (EDM).

nìn [nɪn] (Vtr) look at.

nìNa’viNa’vi.

ngay [nɪ.ˈŋaj] (Adv) truly. ► Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk "Let my arrow strike true" (ASG, Hunt Song).

prrte’ [nɪ.ˈpr̩ː.tɛʔ] (Adv) gladly. ► Nìprrte’ "with pleasure," and idiom for responding to thanks (Na'viteri).

pxi [nɪ.ˈpʼi] (Adv) especially, pointedly, unambiguously. ► (EDM).

pxim [nɪ.ˈpʼim] (Adv) erectly, uprightly.

rangal [nɪ.ˈɾaŋ.al] (Adv) "I wish, oh that" indicating counterfactual wishes, followed by a verb in the imperfect subjunctive for a present counterfactual, the perfect subjunctive for a past counterfactual (a collection).

sti [nɪ.ˈsti] (Adv) angrily.

sung [nɪ.ˈsuŋ] (Adv) besides, additionally, furthermore.

swey [nɪ.ˈswɛj] (Adv) optimally, best. ► (EDM).

syayvi [nɪ.ˈsjaj.vi] (Adv) by chance or coincidence.

syen [nɪ.ˈsjɛn] (Adv) lastly, finally. ► Take care to distinguish from nì'i'a, "at last."

tam [nɪ.ˈtam] (Adv) enough (after an adjective).

teng [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ] (Adv) too, likewise, as well. ► Nìaynga oe perey nìteng "Like you, I too am waiting" (AMFP).

tengfya [nɪ.ˈtɛŋ.fja] (Adv) in the same way.

tut [nɪ.ˈtut] (Adv) continually.

txan [nɪ.ˈtʼan] (Adv) very much; of time, long (in duration). ► oe new nìtxan ayngaru fyawivìntxu "I want very much to guide you" (AMFP); ngaru irayo seiyi oe nìtxan [I thank you very much] ([69] Jan 20). Fwa oel fìtìkangkemvit sngeykivä’i krrnolekx nìtxan "me starting this project took a long time" (Na'viteri).

win [nɪ.ˈwin] (Adv) fast.

wotx [nɪ.ˈwotʼ] (Adv) all (of), completely, in toto. ► Ayftozä [sic!] lefpom ayngaru nìwotx! "Happy Holidays to You All!" (OoOA); Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

zawnong [nɪ.ˈzaw.noŋ] (Adv) safely.

nong [noŋ] (V) follow, proceed after.

nulkrr [nul.ˈkr̩ː] (Adv) longer (time).

nul·new [nul.ˈnɛw] (V) prefer, would rather. ► ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" (Lemondrop).

nume [ˈnu.mɛ] (V) learn. ► nume "learn" (CwT).

numeyu [ˈnu.mɛ.ju] (N) student.

numtseng [ˈnum.ʦɛŋ] (N) school.

numtsengvi [ˈnum.ʦɛŋ.vi] (N) classroom, division of a school.

NG (= G) [ŋ]

nga [ŋa] (Pron) you (2nd person singluar). ► hu nga (or) ngahu "with you", Plltxe nga nìltsan! "You speak well!" (LL); Eywa ngahu "Eywa be with you" (FL).

  1. ngal [ŋal] (Ergative:) you. ► Ngal oeyä ’upxaret … fpole’ [You have sent my message] ([70] Jan 20).
  2. nge [ˈŋɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) your. ► ngeyä fahew akewong "your alien smell" (TO); tawskìp ngeyä "your ship [= space ship]" (UGO).
  3. ngar [ŋaɾ] (or) ngaru [ˈŋa.ɾu] (Dative:) to you. ► Ngaru lu fpom srak? "Do you have a sense of well-being?" (VF); Fyape fko syaw ngar? "What's your name?" [lit.: How does one call (to) you?] (Reflexives).
  4. ngati [ˈŋa.ti] (Accusative:) you. ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO).
  5. ngari [ˈŋa.ɾi] (Topic:) you, as for you. ► pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari "only if I am worthy of you" (ASG, Hunt Song).

ngawng [ŋawŋ] (N) worm (zool.).

ngay [ŋaj] (Adj) true. ► oeyä txe’lan livu ngay "let my heart be true" (ASG, Hunt Song).

ngaytxoa [ŋaj.ˈtʼo.a] (Idiom) forgive me. ► acknowledgment of guilt and regret

ngäng [ŋæŋ] (N) stomach.

ngäzìk [ˈŋæ.zɪk] (Adj) difficult, hard.

ngenga [ŋɛ.ˈŋa] (Pron) you (2nd person singular, honorific form);nga. ► ([71]).

ngeyn [ŋɛjn] (Adj) tired.

ngian [ŋi.ˈan] (Adv) however.

ngim [ŋim] (Adj) long (about space). ► ngima kilvan (or) kilvan angim "long river" (LL).

ngop [ŋop] (V) create. ► "ngop 'create'" (Auxilary verb SI).

ngopyu [ˈŋop.ju] (N) creator.

nguway [ˈŋu.waj] (N) howl, viperwolf cry.

O [o]

oe [ˈo.ɛ] (Pron) I (1st person singular). ► livu win sì txur oe zene "I must be fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song); tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" (TO).

  1. oel [wɛl] (Ergative:) I. ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO); Katot täftxu oel "I weave the rhythm" (ASG, Weaving Song); oel pot ke spaw "I don't believe him" ([72] Jan 21).
  2. oe [ˈwɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) my. ► Oeyä swizaw … oeyä tukrul … oeyä txe’lan … "My arrow … my spear … my heart." (ASG, Hunt Song); ma oeyä eylan "my friends" (AMFP).
  3. oer [wɛɾ] (or) oeru [ˈwɛ.ɾu] (Dative:) to me. ► oeru prrte’ lu "it's a pleasure [to me]" (TO); layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn "I will soon have good news" (AMFP); fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret "[I have heard] the message you sent me" (AMFP); Nga yawne lu oer "I love you" ([73] Jan 21); Oeru syaw fko … "My name is …" [lit.: They call (to) me …] (Reflexives).
  4. oeti [ˈwɛ.ti] (Accusative:) me. ► Spivaw oeti rutxe "Please believe me (AMFP).
  5. oeri [ˈwɛ.ɾi] (Topic:) I, as for me. ► oeri "I-top" (LL).

oeng [wɛŋ] (Pron) we, you and I, the two of us (1st person dual inclusive). ► oeng ’awsiteng mivakto "let's [= let the two of us] ride together" (Lemondrop).

  1. oengal [wɛ.ŋal] (Ergative:) we, the two of us. ► oeng ([74] Jan 21).
  2. oengat [wɛ.ŋat] (or) oengati [wɛ.ŋa.ti] (Accusative:) us, the two of us. ► oengat(i) ([75] Jan 21).

oeyk [o.ˈɛjk] (N) cause. ► related to taweyk(a) "because"; see also lun and talun(a) (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

oeyk·tìng [o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] (V) explain (why).

ohakx [o.ˈhakʼ] (Adj) hungry. ► (EDM).

ohe [ˈo.hɛ] (Pron) I (1st person singular; deferential or ceremonial form);oe. ► ([76]).

‹ol› [o.l] (Inf 1) to indicate perfective aspect ‹pfv›. ► tolaron "have hunted" (LL); Neytiril yerikit tolaron "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" (MSNBC).

olo’ [ol.ˈoʔ] (N) clan.

olo’eyktan [o.loʔ.ˈɛjk.tan] (N) clan leader.

Omatikaya [omati.ˈka.ja] (NP) the Omaticaya clan of the Na'vi.

omum [ˈo.mum] (Vtr) know. ► omum oel futa … "I know that …" (AMFP). Accenting of this word is unclear. The ASG gives it on the first syllable, AMFP gives it on the last.

ontu [ˈon.tu] (N) nose. ► ontu "nose" (LL).

P [p]

pa’li [ˈpaʔ.li] (N) direhorse (zool.).

pa’o [ˈpa.ʔo] (N) side.

pak [pak] (Part) particle for disparagement.

palulukan [ˌpa.lu.ˈlu.kan] (N) thanator (zool.).

pam [pam] (N) sound.

pamrel [pam.ˈɾɛl] (N) writing.

pamrel si [pam.ˈɾɛl si] (Vin) write. ► Furia nì’Ìnglìsì pamrel sivi, oeru txoa livu "I'm sorry for writing in English" forum post.

pamrelfya [pam.ˈɾɛl.fja] (N) spelling.

pamtseo [ˈpam.ʦɛ.o] (N) music. ► "pamtseo = music", "pamtseotu = musician" ([77]).

pamtseotu [ˈpam.ʦɛ.o.tu] (N) musician. ► "pamtseotu = musician" ([78]).

pate [ˈpa.tɛ] (V) get to a place, arrive.

pawm [pawm] (V) ask.

pay [paj] (N) water, liquid.

payfya [ˈpaj.fja] (N) stream.

payoang [paj.ˈo.aŋ] (N) fish.

hem [ˈpæ.hɛm] (Vin) arrive. ► ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng "no answer has arrived" (AMFP).

nu [ˈpæ.nu] (N) promise.

nu·tìng [ˈpæ.nu.tɪŋ] (V) promise (a thing to someone).

pängkxo [pæŋ.ˈkʼo] (Vin) chat, converse, have a conversation. ► tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo "[I am] able to chat with you in Na’vi" (TO); pängkxo "chat, converse" (CwT).

tsì [ˈpæ.ʦɪ] (N) badge.

pe+ [pɛ] (M+) what (connected to a noun).

pe’un [ˈpɛ.ʔun] (Vtr) decide. ► tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot "then I will decide the best way" (AMFP).

pefnel [pɛ.ˈfnɛl] (Q) which kind (alternative form: fnepe). ► (EDM).

pefya [pɛ.ˈfja] (Q) how (alternative form: fyape).

pehem [pɛ.ˈhɛm] (Q) what (action) (alternative form: kempe).

pehrr [pɛ.ˈhr̩ː] (Q) when (time) (alternative form: krrpe).

pe’u [pɛ.ˈlɪ.ʔu] (Q) what (word, utterance) (alternative form: lì’upe).

pelun [pɛ.ˈlun] (Q) why (alternative form: lumpe).Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

peng [pɛŋ] (Vtr) tell, inform. ► ayngaru payeng "I will let you know" (AMFP). Takes futa for report clause, new oe mengaru piveng futa ... forum post.

peseng [pɛ.ˈsɛŋ] (Q) where (alternative form: tsengpe).

pesu [pɛ.ˈsu] (Q) who (alternative form: tupe).

peu [pɛ.ˈu] (Pron) what (thing) (alternative form: ’upe). ► "The other form [of ’upe] is peu, stress on the second." ([79] Jan 21).

pewn [pɛwn] (N) neck.

pey [pɛj] (V) wait, wait for. ► tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx "you are all waiting for my guidance" (AMFP); oe perey "I am waiting" (AMFP); oe tsun pivey [I can wait] (CwT).

peyäpo.

piak [pi.ˈak] (Adj) open.

piak si [pi.ˈak si] (Vin) open.

pizayu [ˈpi.za.ju] (N) ancestor.

pìmtxan [pɪm.ˈtʼan] (Q) how much (alternative form: hìmtxampe).

plltxe [pl̩ː.ˈtʼɛ] (V) speak (perfective form: poltxe [< *pollltxe]).Plltxe nga nìltsan! "You speak well!" (LL); Oe new pivlltxe (or:) Oel new futa pivlltxe [I want to speak] (CwT); Poltxe Eytukan … "Eytukan said …" ([80] Jan 21).

po [po] (Pron) he/she (3rd person singular).pohu "with [whom]" (Lemondrop); Tivìran po ayoekip … "Let her walk among us …" ([81] Jan 09).

  1. pe [ˈpɛ.jæ] (Pron) his/her (3st person singular). ► peyä "his" (LL).
  2. poru [ˈpo.ɾu] (Dative:) to him/her. ► lu poru mesyal a ikran [an ikran, who has two wings (lit.: to whom are …) ] ([82] Feb 18).
  3. pot [pot] (Accusative:) him/her. ► oel pot ke spaw "I don't believe him" ([83] Jan 21).

poan [po.ˈan] (Pron) he (3rd person singular masculine).

poe [po.ˈɛ] (Pron) she (3rd person singular feminine).

polpxay [pol.ˈpʼaj] (Q) how many (alternative form: holpxaype).

pom [pom] (V) kiss.

pongu [ˈpo.ŋu] (N) group of people, party.

prrnen [ˈpr̩ː.nɛn] (N) infant, baby. ► (MND).

prrnesyul [ˈpr̩ː.nɛ.sjul] (N) bud (of a flower). ► (MND).

prrte’ [ˈpr̩ː.tɛʔ] (Adj) pleasurable (of an activity). ► oeru prrte’ lu … "it's a pleasure [to me] …" (TO).

prrwll [ˈpr̩ː.wl̩ː] (N) moss.

puk [puk] (N) book (English loanword).

puktsyìp [ˈpuk.ʦjɪp] (N) booklet, pamphlet.

pukap [ˈpu.kap] (Num) six. ► (Numerals).

pum [pum] (N) possession, thing possessed. ► Used as a "dummy noun" with the genitive pronouns to form "disjunctive possessives" — that is, words like "mine," "yours," "theirs." Kelku ngeyä lu tsawl; pum oeyä lu hì’i "your house is large; mine is small" (Na'viteri). Pum ngeyä "yours," an idiom for responding to thanks, "the thanks belong to you" (Na'viteri).

puve [ˈpu.vɛ] (Adj) sixth. ► (Ordinal number).

puvol [ˈpu.vol] (Num) (octal:) 60 (= decimal: 48). ► (Numerals).

PX [pʼ]

pxan [pʼan] (Adj) worthy. ► pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari "only if I am worthy of you" (ASG, Hunt Song). Ke pxan "(I'm) not worthy," an idiom for replying to a compliment (Na'viteri).

pxasìk [ˈpʼa.sɪk] (Idiom) Screw that! No way! (vulgar).pxasik [sic!] "screw that!" (UGO); pxasìk "Screw it! No way!" (Lemondrop).

pxasul [ˈpʼa.sul] (Adj) fresh, appealing as food.

pxaw [pʼaw] (Adp–) around.

pxawpa [ˈpʼaw.pa] (N) perimeter, circumference, border.

pxay [pʼaj] (Adj) many.

pxe+ [pʼɛ] (M+) trial marker. ► pxeveng [< pxe+ + ’eveng] ([84] Jan 20); pxesìpawm(ìri) [three questions] (Numerals).

pxefo [pʼɛ.fo] (Pron) they (= the three of them) (3st person trial). ► ([85]).

pxel [pʼɛl] (Adp–) like, as.

pxelo [ˈpʼɛ.lo] (Adv) thrice, three times (↑ alo).

pxenga [pʼɛ.ŋa] (Pron) you (= the three of you) (2st person trial). ► ([86]).

pxengenga [pʼɛ.ŋɛ.ŋa] (Pron) you (= the three of you) (2st person trial; deferential or ceremonial form);pxenga. ► ([87]).

pxeSrrmrrvam [pʼɛ.sr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvam] (N); (Adv) Thursday (of 3 weeks previous). ► (EDM).

pxeSrrmrrvay [pʼɛ.sr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvaj] (N); (Adv) Thursday (3 weeks out). ► (EDM).

pxevol [ˈpʼɛ.vol] (Num) (octal:) 30 (= decimal: 24). ► (Numerals).

pxey [pʼɛj] (Num) three. ► (Numerals).

pxeyve [ˈpʼɛj.vɛ] (Adj) third. ► (Ordinal number).

pxi [pʼi] (Adj) sharp.

pxim [pʼim] (Adj) erect, upright.

pximaw [pʼi.ˈmaw] (Adv) right after. ► (EDM).

pxiset [pʼi.ˈsɛt] (Adv) right now. ► (EDM).

pxisre [pʼi.ˈsɾɛ] (Adp+) right before. ► (EDM).

pxiswawam [pʼi.swaw.ˈam] (Adv) just a moment ago. ► (EDM).

pxiswaway [pʼi.swaw.ˈaj] (Adv) in just a second from now. ► (EDM).

pxiye’rìn [pʼi.ˈjɛʔ.ɾɪn] (Adv) immediately (but not as soon as pxiswaway). ► (EDM).

pxìm [pʼɪm] (Adv) often. ► Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak? "Do you come here often?" (Lemondrop).

pxoe [pʼo.ɛ] (Pron) we (= the three of us) (1st person trial exclusive). ► ([88]).

pxoeng [pʼo.ɛŋ] (Pron) we (= the three of us) (1st person trial inclusive). ► ([89]).

pxohe [pʼo.hɛ] (Pron) we (= the three of us) (1st person trial exclusive; deferential or ceremonial form);pxoe. ► The inclusive form is ohe mengengasì [I and (the two of) you] ([90]).

pxor [pʼoɾ] (Vin) explode.

pxun [pʼun] (N) arm.

pxuntil [ˈpʼun.til] (N) elbow.

R [ɾ]

-r [ɾ] (M) dative suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorphs: -ru, -ur ]. ► fpole’ ayngal oer a ’upxaret "[I have heard] the message you have sent me" (AMFP); Eytukanìl Neytirir yerikit teykolaron "Eytukan made Neytiri hunt a hexapede" ([91] Feb 17).

ral [ɾal] (N) meaning.

ral·peng [ɾal.ˈpɛŋ] (V) interpret.

ram [ɾam] (N) mountain.

ramunong [ɾa.ˈmu.noŋ] (N) well. ► Ayvitrayä Ramunong "Well of Souls".

rangal [ˈɾaŋ.al] (V) wish.

rawke [ˈɾaw.kɛ] (Idiom) alarm cry, call to defense.

’ä [ɾæ.ˈʔæ] (Part) to form a negative imperative. ► txopu rä’ä si "don't be afraid" (from the film).

re’o [ˈɾɛ.ʔo] (N) head.

rel [ɾɛl] (N) image, picture. ► "rel = image, picture" ([92]).

reltseo [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o] (N) visual art. ► "reltseo = visual art" ([93]).

reltseotu [ˈɾɛl.ʦɛ.o.tu] (N) artist. ► "reltseotu = artist" ([94]).

renu [ˈɾɛ.nu] (N) pattern.

reng [ɾɛŋ] (Adj) shallow.

rewon [ˈɾɛ.won] (N); (Adv) morning. ► (TH).

rey [ɾɛj] (Vin) live. ► Txo new nga rivey, oehu! "Come with me, if you want to live!" (UGO); ke rey a tute "person who doesn't live / isn't alive" ([95]).

rey’eng [ɾɛj.ˈʔɛŋ] (N) balance of life. ► (EDM).

reypay [ˈɾɛj.paj] (N) blood.

-ri [ɾi] (M) topic suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorph: -ìri ]. ► oeri "I-top" (LL), pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari "only if I am worthy of you" (ASG, Hunt Song).

rikx [ɾikʼ] (Vin) move, shift position.

rim [ɾim] (Adj) yellow. ► Katot taftxu oel nìean nìrim "I weave the rhythm in yellow and blue [lit.: blue and yellow]" (ASG, Weaving Song).

rina’ [ɾi.ˈnaʔ] (N) seed.

riti [ˈɾi.ti] (N) stingbat (zool.).

rìk [ɾɪk] (N) leaf.

ro [ɾo] (Adp+) at (purely locative). ► As in ro fäpa "at the top", ro helku "at home" (post).

rofa [ˈɾo.fa] (Adp–) beside, alongside.

rol [ɾol] (V) sing. ► rerol ayoe "we are singing" (ASG, Hunt Song).

-ru [ɾu] (M) dative suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorphs: -r, -ur ]. ► layu oeru ye’rin sìltsana fmawn "I will soon have good news" (AMFP); ayngaru seiyi irayo "I thank you" (AMFP).

run [ɾun] (Vtr) find, discover. ► ... Prrton a kxeyeyti rolun "... Prrton, who found the mistake" ([96]).

  1. Rolun! [ɾo.ˈlun] (Idiom) "Eureka! I found it!".

rusey [ɾu.ˈsɛj] (N) living thing; (Adj) alive, living.

rutxe [ɾu.ˈtʼɛ] (Idiom) please. ► Spivaw oeti rutxe "Please believe me" (AMFP).

S [s]

sa’nok [ˈsaʔ.nok] (N) mother.

sa’nu [ˈsaʔ.nu] (N) mommy.

sa’sem [ˈsaʔ.sɛm] (N) parent.

salew [sa.ˈlɛw] (V) proceed, go.

san [san] (M–) to indicate the beginning of a quote; if the speaker continues to say something after the end of the cited phrase, the quote has to be concluded using sìk. ► Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw "Eytukan said he would go [lit.: Eytukan said ‹quote.in› I will go ‹quote.out›], but I don't believe him" ([97] Jan 21).

sar [saɾ] (Vtr) use. ► tsat sayar oel nìltsan "I will use it well" (Sar, Fìtxan).

sawtutetawtute.

fpìl [sæ.ˈfpɪl] (N) idea, thought. ► txantsana aysäfpìl "excellent ideas" (Tag Question).

nume [sæ.ˈnu.mɛ] (N) teaching, instruction. ► sänume "teaching, instruction" (CwT).

numvi [sæ.ˈnum.vi] (N) lesson. ► (EDM).

spxin [sæ.ˈspʼin] (N) disease, sickness (in contrast to ↑ tìspxin). ► (MND).

spxintsyìp [sæ.ˈspʼin.ʦjɪp] (N) minor ailment.

sekrr [ˈsɛ.kr̩ː] (N) present.

sempu [ˈsɛm.pu] (N) daddy.

sempul [ˈsɛm.pul] (N) father.

set [sɛt] (Adv) now. ► awpot [< ’awpot?] set ftxey ayngal "choose one [now]" (ASG, Hunt Song); vay set "up to now" (AMFP); ’Awa tìpawmìri ’iveyng oe set; aylari zusawkrr ’ayeyng. [Let me answer one of the questions now; the others I will answer in the future.] (Numerals).

sevin [sɛ.ˈvin] (Adj) pretty (used only for people, Na’vi or humans). ► sevin "pretty" (in contrast to ↑ lor) (LL).

seykxel [sɛj.ˈkʼɛl] (Adj) strong, "inner strength, a quiet feeling of confidence in one’s own capability". ► Seykxel sì nitram "strong and happy," an idiom for congratulating someone on their good fortune (Na'viteri).

seyri [ˈsɛj.ɾi] (N) lip.

seze [ˈsɛ.zɛ] (N) blue flower (botan.).

si [si] (V) make, do (to use only as a copulative verb together with a noun or adjective).[kato] oeru teya si "[the rhythm] fills me" (ASG, Weaving Song); ayngaru seiyi irayo "I thank you", tìkangkem s(iv)i "work"; (AMFP).

sim [sim] (Vin) near (= be near).

sì | -sì [sɪ] (Conj) and (also enclitic: A Bsì = A sì B; not to connect sentences,ulte).[kato] trrä sì txonä, sì ayzìsìtä kato, sì ’ekong te’lanä … "[the rhythm] of night and day, the rhythm of the years, and the beat of the hearts …" (ASG, Weaving Song); Lu nga win sì txur "You are fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song); Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP); [zam(iv)unge oel ayngar] aylì’ut horentisì lì’fyayä leNa’vi "[I bring you] the words and the rules of Na’vi" (AMFP); ’eylan karyusì anygeyä "your friend and teacher" (AMFP).

sìk [sɪk] (M–) to conclude a cited phrase (↑ san).

sìl·pey [sɪl.ˈpɛj] (V) hope. ► Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn "I hope, I will soon have good news" (AMFP).

sìlronsem [sɪl.ˈɾon.sɛm] (Adj) clever, smart (thing).

sìltsan [sɪl.ˈʦan] (Adj) good. ► sìltsana fmawn "good news" (AMFP).

sìn [sɪn] (Adp–) on, onto (?).

sìpawmtìpawm.

sìreytìrey.

ska’a [ska.ˈʔa] (Vtr) destroy. ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([98]).

skepek [skɛ.pɛk] (Adj) formal.

skien [ˈski.ɛn] (Adj) right (not left).

skxakep [ˈskʼa.kɛp] (Adj) probable; (Adv) probably.

skxawng [skʼawŋ] (N) moron, idiot. ► skxawng "moron" (UGO).

skxom [skʼom] (N) chance, opportunity.

slä [slæ] (Conj) but. ► Slä nìawnomum "But as you know" (AMFP); Poltxe Eytukan san oe kayä sìk, slä oel pot ke spaw "Eytukan said he would go, but I don't believe him" ([99] Jan 21).

sleyku [slɛj.ˈku] (Vtr) produce.

slu [slu] (V) become. ► "slu = 'become'" ([100] Jan 21); Oeyä ikran slivu nga "Be my ikran" (Lemondrop); X nìNa’vi slu ’upe? "How do you say X in Na’vi?" [lit.: In Na’vi X becomes what?] ([101] Jan 21).

smar [smaɾ] (N) prey, thing hunted.

snumìna [ˈsnu.mɪ.na] (Adj) dim (of a person).

sngap [sŋap] (Vtr) sting.

sngä’i [ˈsŋæ.ʔi] (Vin) begin, start (something is beginning). ► The transitive version is formed using the causative infix: Oel sngeykolä’i tìkangkemit "I began the work" ([102] Feb 15).

sngä’iyu [ˈsŋæ.ʔi.ju] (N) beginner.

sngä’ikrr [ˈsŋæ.ʔi.kr̩ː] (N) beginning, start time.

sngel [sŋɛl] (N) garbage.

sngeltseng [ˈsŋɛl.ʦɛŋ] (N) garbage dump. ► "Sngeltseng means garbage dump." (UGO).

soaia [so.ˈa.i.a] (N) family.

sok [sok] (Adj) recent. ► (EDM).

sokxtokx.

som [som] (Adj) hot.

sop [sop] (Vin) travel.

spaw [spaw] (Vtr + accusative of the person) believe. ► Spivaw oeti rutxe "Please believe me" (AMFP); oel pot ke spaw "I don't believe him" ([103] Jan 21).

spä [spæ] (Vin) jump.

spe’e [spɛ.ˈʔɛ] (Vtr) capture.

spe’etu [spɛ.ˈʔɛ.tu] (N) captive.

speng [spɛŋ] (V) restore.

spule [ˈspu.lɛ] (Vtr) propel.

spuwin [ˈspu.win] (Adj) old (not for people), former.

spxam [spʼam] (N) fungus.

spxin [spʼin] (Adj) sick. ► (MND).

srak [sɾak] (or) srake [ˈsɾa.kɛ] (M) to indicate a yes-no-question. ► Ngaru lu fpom srak? "Do you have a sense of well-being?" (VF); Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak? "Do you come here often?" (Lemondrop).

sransrane.

srane [ˈsɾa.nɛ] (Idiom) yes. ► Nga tsap’alute soli srak? – Srane, soli. [Did you apologize? – Yes, I did.] (Auxilary verb SI); colloquial form: sran "yeah".

sraw [sɾaw] (Adj) painful. ► (EDM).

sre [sɾɛ] (Adp+) before (time).

sre’ [sɾɛʔ] (N) tooth.

srekamtrr [sɾɛ.ˈkam.tr̩ː] (N); (Adv) before midday, before noon (↑ kxamtrr). ► (TH).

srekamtxon [sɾɛ.ˈkam.tʼon] (N); (Adv) before midnight (as the middle of the night) (↑ kxamtxon). ► (TH).

srekrr [sɾɛ.kr̩ː] (Adv) before (time).

srese’a [sɾɛ.sɛ.ˈʔa] (V) prophesy, predict.

sresrr’ong [sɾɛ.sr̩ː.ˈʔoŋ] (N); (Adv) before daybreak, before dawn (↑ trr’ong). ► (TH).

sreton’ong [sɾɛ.ton.ˈʔoŋ] (N); (Adv) before darkness falls, before night unfolds (↑ txon’ong). ► (TH).

srew [sɾɛw] (Vin) dance.

srung [sɾuŋ] (N) help, assistance.

srung si [sɾuŋ si] (Vin) help.

starsìm [ˈstaɾ.sɪm] (Vtr) gather, collect.

stawm [stawm] (Vtr) hear. ► ’upxaret stolawm oel "I have heard the message" (AMFP).

stä’ [ˈstæʔ.nɪ] (Vtr) catch.

steftxaw [stɛ.ˈftʼaw] (Vtr) examine, check.

steyki [stɛj.ˈki] (Vtr) anger, make (someone) angry.

sti [sti] (Vin) angry (= be angry).

sto [sto] (V) refuse (to do something).

stum [stum] (Adv) almost.

stxong [stʼoŋ] (Adj) strange, unfamiliar, unknown.

sunu [ˈsu.nu] (Vin) be pleasing or likeable, bring enjoyment. ► Sunu oeru fwa fìtsengit terok oel nìmun "I'm happy to be here again" (Naviteri).

sung [suŋ] (Vtr) add.

sutetute.

sutx [sutʼ] (Vtr) track, follow, lock up.

swaw [swaw] (N) moment.

swey [swɛj] (Adj) best (↔ ’e’al).paye’un sweya fya’ot "I will decide the best way" (AMFP); "'Best' is simply swey" ([104] Dec 20).

swi [swi.ˈɾæ] (N) creature.

swizaw [swi.ˈzaw] (N) arrow. ► Oeyä swizaw … "[Let] my arrow …" (ASG, Hunt Song).

swok [swok] (Adj) sacred.

swotu [ˈswo.tu] (N) sacred place. ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a "The aliens destroy our sacred place" ([105]).

syaltsyal.

syaw [sjaw] (Vin) call, name. ► Fyape fko syaw ngar? "What is your name?" (lit.: How does one call (to) you?), Oeru syaw fko Neytiri "My name is Neytiri", the subject fko may be omitted: Oeru syaw Tseyk "My name is Jake" (RaN).

syay [sjaj] (N) fate.

syayvi [ˈsjaj.vi] (N) luck, chance.

syä’ä [ˈsjæ.ʔæ] (Adj) bitter.

syen [sjɛn] (Adj) last, final.

syep [sjɛp] (Vtr) trap.

syo [sjo] (Adj) light, lightweight. ► (TH).

syulang [ˈsju.laŋ] (N) flower. ► (MND).

syuve [ˈsju.vɛ] (N) food.

T [t]

-t [t] (M) accusative suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorphs: -ti, -it ]. ► Katot täftxu oel "I weave the rhythm" (ASG, Weaving Song); ’upxaret stolawm oel "I have heard the message" (AMFP); paye’un sweya fya’ot "I will decide the best way" (AMFP).

ta [ta] (Adp–) from (different usages). ► oeri ta peyä fahew ontu teya l(äng)u "my nose is full from his smell"; Markusì ta Ngalwey "Markus from Galway" (AMFP); Ta ’eylan karyusì anygeyä, Pawl "[This letter comes from] your friend and teacher, Paul" (AMFP).

ta’em [ta.ˈʔɛm] (Adv) from above.

ta’leng [ˈtaʔ.lɛŋ] (N) skin.

tafkip [ta.ˈfkip] (Adp–) from up among.

tafral [ta.ˈfɾal] (Adv) therefore, because of that. ► (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

takip [ta.ˈkip] (Adp–) from among.

takuk [ˈta.kuk] (Vtr) strike, hit one's target. ► Oeyä swizaw nìngay tivakuk, oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk, oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk "Let my arrow strike true, let my spear strike the heart, let the thruth strike my heart" (ASG, Hunt Song).

talioang [ˈtal.i.ˌo.aŋ] (N) sturmbeast (zool.).

talun [ta.ˈlun] (or) taluna [ta.ˈlun.a] (Conj) because. ► (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

tam [tam] (Vin) suffice, "do"; (Idiom) All right! OK! ► Tsun tivam [It's ok; lit.: It is able to do it] (Ok).

tan [tan.ˈhɪ] (N) bioluminescent freckle, star.

tangek [ˈtaŋ.ɛk] (N) trunk (of a tree).

taron [ˈta.ɾon] (Vtr) hunt. ► taron "hunt" (LL); Neytiril yerikit tolaron "Neytiri hunted a hexapede" (MSNBC).

taronyu [ˈta.ɾon.ju] (N) hunter.

tatep [ˈta.tɛp] (Vtr) lose, lose track or awareness of something. ► (forum post).

tatlam [tat.ˈlam] (Adv) apparently.

taw [taw] (N) sky. ► "Tawsìp is actually 'sky ship'" (UGO); "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or tawtute" (MSNBC).

taweyk [ta.ˈwɛjk] (or) taweyka [ta.ˈwɛjk.a] (Conj) because. ► (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

tawng [tawŋ] (Vin) dive, duck.

tawsìp [ˈtaw.sɪp] (N) spaceship. ► "Tawsìp is actually 'sky ship', the term they would use for a space vehicle." (UGO).

tawtute [ˈtaw.tu.tɛ] (N) human (lit.: 'sky person'; short plural: sawtute). ► "a single human is known among the Na’vi as a Sky Person, or tawtute, while the plural (Sky People) is aysawtute or simply sawtute" (MSNBC).

ftxu [tæ.ˈftʼu] (Vtr) weave. ► Katot täftxu oel "I weave the rhythm" (ASG, Weaving Song).

ftxuyu [tæ.ˈftʼu.ju] (N) weaver.

txaw [tæ.ˈtʼaw] (Vin) return. ► maw hìkrr ayoe tìyätxaw "we will return after a short time" (Zenke).

te [tɛ] (Part) a particle used in full names.

te’lantxe’lan.

tel [tɛl] (Vtr) receive. ► tì'eyngit oel tolel a krr "when I receive an answer" (AMFP).

  1. Tolel! [to.ˈlɛl] (Idiom) "Eureka! I got it! I understand!".

telem [tɛ.ˈlɛm] (N) cord.

tem [tɛm] (Vin) shoot. ► See also toltem.

teng [tɛŋ] (Adj) equal, same. ► Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

tengfya [ˈtɛŋ.fja] (Conj) as (= same way as).

tengkrr [tɛŋ.ˈkr̩ː] (Conj) while (= same time as).

teri [tɛ.ˈɾi] (Adp–) about, concerning. ► "teri (stress on 2nd) = about, concerning (ADP–)" (Vocabulary and <iyev>).

terkup [ˈtɛɾ.kup] (Vin) die.

teswo·tìng [tɛ.ˈswo.tɪŋ] (V) grant.

tete [ˈtɛ.tɛ] (Adj) dull (as a blade).

tewti [ˈtɛw.ti] (Idiom) expression of (pleasant) surprise: Wow! ► Tewti, ma Prrton! "Wow, Prrton!" (LL).

teyr [tɛjɾ] (Adj) white.

teya [tɛ.ˈja] (Adj) full (ta … – of …). ► Oeri ta peyä fahew (…) ontu teya längu. "My nose is full of his smell" (LL).

teya si [tɛ.ˈja si] (Vin + dative) fill, make full. ► [kato] oeru teya si "[the rhythm] fills me" (ASG, Weaving Song).

teylu [ˈtɛj.lu] (N) beetle larva(e) (zool.; acc.: teylut).Oe new yivom teylut "I want to eat teylu" ([106] Jan 20).

-ti [ti] (M) accusative suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorphs: -t, -it ]. ► Oel ngati kameie "I See you" (UGO); Spivaw oeti rutxe "Please believe me" (AMFP).

til [til] (N) joint, hinge.

tirea [ti.ˈɾɛ.a] (N) spirit.

tireafya’o [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.ˌfja.ʔo] (N) spirit path.

tireaioang [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.i.ˌo.aŋ] (N) spirit animal (Na’vi culture).Ngeyä Tireaioang zola’u a krr, law layu nagru "When your Spirit Animal comes, you will know" (Krr).

tirea·pängkxo [ti.ˈɾɛ.a.pæŋ.ˌkʼo] (V) commune (about intimate contact).ke lu kawtu a nulnivew oe pohu tireapivängkxo "There's nobody I'd rather commune with" (Lemondrop).

tì- [tɪ] (M–) to turn adjectives or verbs into abstract nouns. ► tìftia "the study" (SciMag); tìngay "truth" (ASG, Hunt Song); tìfyawìntxu(ri) "guidance" (AMFP).

’awm [tɪ.ˈʔawm] (N) camping.

’awm si [tɪ.ˈʔawm si] (Vin) camp.

’awpo [tɪ.ˈʔaw.po] (N) individuality (neg. connotation); selfishness.

’efu [tɪ.ˈʔɛ.fu] (N) feeling. ► (EDM).

  1. ’efumì oeyä [tɪ.ˈʔɛ.fu.mɪ wɛ.jæ] (Idiom) "In my opinion". ► (EDM).

’eylan [tɪ.ˈʔɛj.lan] (N) friendship.

’eyng [tɪ.ˈʔɛjŋ] (N) answer, response. ► ke pamähängem kea tì’eyng "no answer has arrived" (AMFP).

’i’a [tɪ.ˈʔi.ʔa] (N) ending, conclusion.

’i’avay krrä [tɪ.ˈʔi.ʔa.vaj ˈkr̩ː.æ] (Idiom) forever, ’til the end of time (poetic). ► the "poetic" meaning is "until the end of time" (source).

fmetok [tɪ.ˈfmɛ.tok] (N) test.

fnu [tɪ.ˈfnu] (N) quiet, silence.

ftang [tɪ.ˈftaŋ] (N) stopping.

tìftia [tɪ.fti.ˈa] (N) study. ► tìftia kifkeyä "the study of the physical world ['science']" (SciMag).

ftxey [tɪ.ˈftʼɛj] (N) choice. ► Lu ngeyä tìftxey [It's your choice] ([107] Jan 21).

tìfyawìntxu [tɪ.fja.wɪn.ˈtʼu] (N) guidance. ► tìfyawìntxuri oeyä perey aynga nìwotx "you are all waiting for my guidance" (AMFP).

fyeyn [tɪ.ˈfjɛjn] (N) ripeness, maturity, full fruition.

hawl [tɪ.ˈhawl] (N) preparations, plan.

hawnu [tɪ.ˈhaw.nu] (N) protection.

kan [tɪ.ˈkan] (N) aim, goal, purpose, target.

kanu [tɪ.ˈka.nu] (N) intelligence.

kangkem [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm] (N) work.

kangkem si [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm si] (Vin) work. ► zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu … "I must work together with those …" (AMFP).

kangkemvi [tɪ.ˈkaŋ.kɛm.vi] (N) project, piece of work.

kawng [tɪ.ˈkawŋ] (N) evil.

kenong [tɪ.ˈkɛ.noŋ] (N) example.

keteng [tɪ.ˈkɛ.tɛŋ] (N) difference. ► (EDM).

kin [tɪ.ˈkin] (N) need. ► Kea tìkin "(there is) no need," an idiom for responding to thanks (Na'viteri).

kxey [tɪ.ˈkʼɛj] (N) incorrectness, mistakeness. ► (EDM).

  1. ngaru tìkxey [ŋa.ɾu tɪ.ˈkʼɛj] (Idiom) You're wrong. ► (EDM).

kxey si [tɪ.ˈkʼɛj si] (Vin) mess up, foul, do wrong. ► (EDM).

lam [tɪ.ˈlam] (N) appearance.

law [tɪ.ˈlaw] (N) clarification (?). ► tìlaw ta Prrton "clarification (?) by Prrton" (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

tìm [tɪm] (Adj) low.

me’em [tɪ.ˈmɛ.ʔɛm] (N) harmony (general sense). ► (EDM).

tìmuntxa [tɪ.mun.ˈtʼa] (N) mating, Na'vi marriage.

tìmweypey [tɪm.ˈwɛj.pɛj] (N) patience. ► (EDM).

nomum [tɪ.ˈno.mum] (N) curiosity. ► (↑ newomum).

tìng [tɪŋ] (V) give. ► fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" (AMFP); "tìng 'give'" ([108] Dec 31).

  1. tìng mikyun [tɪm ˈmik.jun] (V) listen.
  2. tìng nari [tɪn ˈna.ɾi] (V) see. ► Tìng nari nekll "See below" ([109]).
  3. tìng tseng [tɪŋ ʦɛŋ] (Vin) back down.

ngay [tɪ.ˈŋaj] (N) truth. ► oeri tìngayìl txe’lanit tivakuk "Let the truth strike my heart" (ASG, Hunt Song).

ngäzìk [tɪ.ˈŋæ.zɪk] (N) difficulty, problem.

ngop [tɪ.ˈŋop] (N) creation. ► (EDM).

tìoeyktìng [tɪ.o.ˈɛjk.tɪŋ] (N) explanation.

tìohakx [tɪ.o.ˈhakʼ] (N) hunger. ► (EDM).

pawm [tɪ.ˈpawm] (N) question (short plural: sìpawm).Sìpawmìri oe ngaru seiyi irayo [I thank you for your questions] ([110] Jan 19).

hem [tɪ.ˈpæ.hɛm] (N) arrival.

tìpängkxo [tɪ.pæŋ.ˈkʼo] (N) conversation, discussion.

pe’un [tɪ.ˈpɛ.ʔun] (N) decision.

prrte’ [tɪ.ˈpr̩ː.tɛʔ] (N) pleasure.

ran [tɪ.ˈɾan] (Vin) walk. ► Terìran ayoe "We are walking" (ASG, Hunt Song); Tivìran po ayoekip … "Let her walk among us …" ([111] Jan 09).

rey [tɪ.ˈɾɛj] (N) life (short plural: sìrey).’ìheyu sìreyä "the spiral of the lives" (ASG, Weaving Song); mì oeyä letrra tìrey "in my daily life" (CwT).

rol [tɪ.ˈɾol] (N) song.

tìska’a [tɪ.ska.ˈʔa] (N) destruction.

sop [tɪ.ˈsop] (N) journey.

spxin [tɪ.ˈspʼin] (N) sickness (= the state of being ill; in contrast to ↑ säspxin). ► (MND).

sraw [tɪ.ˈsɾaw] (N) pain. ► (EDM).

sraw seyki [tɪ.ˈsɾaw sɛj.ˈki] (Vtr) hurt (someone or something).

sraw si [tɪ.ˈsɾaw si] (Vin) hurt, be painful.

srese’a [tɪ.ˈsɾɛ.sɛ.ʔa] (N) prophecy.

tìsteftxaw [tɪ.stɛ.ˈftʼaw] (N) examination. ► Tìsteftxaw ngeyä flolä nìltsan! [Your examination succeeded well!] ([112] Jan 20).

sti [tɪ.ˈsti] (N) anger.

taron [tɪ.ˈta.ɾon] (N) (the) hunting. ► Tìtaron lu lehrrap "Hunting is dangerous" ([113] Jan 20).

txanew [tɪ.ˈtʼa.nɛw] (N) greed.

txula [tɪ.ˈtʼu.la] (N) construction, constructed thing.

txur [tɪ.ˈtʼuɾ] (N) strength, power.

txen si [tɪ.ˈtʼɛn si] (N) part of the full idiom eltur tìtxen si be interesting, be intriguing. ► tsa’u eltur tìtxen si "that’s interesting." Tsavur oeyä eltur tìtxen soli "that story intrigued me." Tsavur feyä ayeltur tìtxen soli "they found that story interesting." Pxoeri tsavur eltur tìtxen soli "the three of us were interested in that story" (TH).

tslam [tɪ.ˈʦlam] (N) understanding, intelligence.

vawm [tɪ.ˈvawm] (N) darkness.

tìve’ [tɪ.vɛʔ.ˈkɪ] (N) hatred.

yawn [tɪ.ˈjawn] (N) love. ► Lì’fyari leNa’vi oel ’efu ayngeyä tìyawnit "I feel your love for the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

yawr [tɪ.ˈjawɾ] (N) correctness. ► (EDM).

  1. ngaru tìyawr [ŋa.ɾu tɪ.ˈjawɾ] (Idiom) You're right. ► (EDM).

to [to] (M–) comparative marker: than. ► po to oe lu sìltsan "she is better than I" (Adjective Comparatives).

tok [tok] (Vtr) be at, occupy a space. ► Note transitivity, tok pesengit oeyä pxirìl "where is my beer?" (forum post).

toktor [ˈtok.toɾ] (N) doctor.

tokx [tokʼ] (N) body (short plural: sokx). ► tokx "body", sokx "bodies" (LL); tokx eo tokx "face to face, in person" (Fmawno).

toltem [tol.ˈtɛm] (Vtr) shoot. ► See also tem.

tompa [ˈtom.pa] (N) rain. ► Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato … "The rhythm of rain and sun …" (ASG, Weaving Song).

tontxon.

toruk [ˈto.ɾuk] (N) great leonopteryx (zool.).

  1. Toruk makto [ˈto.ɾuk ˈmak.to] (NP) Rider of the last shadow (legendary hero of the Na’vi). ► According to the grammar rules it should be "maktoyu", but this is an exeption, and doesn't follow the normal rules. ([114]).

trr [tr̩ː] (N) day. ► [kato] trrä sì txonä "[the rhythm] of night and day [lit.: day and night]" (ASG, Weaving Song); oe tsun pivey trrit a … [I can wait for the day, that …] (CwT).

  1. trr lu trrpeve? [fɪ.ˈtr̩ː lu tr̩ː.ˈpɛ.vɛ] (Idiom) "What day is it today?". ► (EDM).

Trr’awve [tr̩ː.ˈʔaw.vɛ] (N) Sunday.

trr’ong [tr̩ː.ˈʔoŋ] (N); (Adv) daybreak, dawn. ► (TH).

trr’ongmaw [tr̩ː.ˈʔoŋ.maw] (N); (Adv) after daybreak, after dawn (↑ trr’ong). ► (TH).

trray [tr̩ː.ˈaj] (Adv) tomorrow.

Trrkive [tr̩ː.ˈki.vɛ] (N) Saturday.

Trrmuve [tr̩ː.ˈmu.vɛ] (N) Monday.

Trrmrrvam [tr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvam] (N); (Adv) Thursday (of the previous week). ► (EDM).

Trrmrrvay [tr̩ː.mr̩ː.ˈvaj] (N); (Adv) Thursday (of the next week coming up). ► (EDM).

Trrmrrve [tr̩ː.ˈmr̩ː.vɛ] (N) Thursday.

Trrpuve [tr̩ː.ˈpu.vɛ] (N) Friday.

Trrpxeyve [tr̩ː.ˈpʼɛj.vɛ] (N) Tuesday.

Trrtsìve [tr̩ː.ˈʦɪ.vɛ] (N) Wednesday.

trrtxon [tr̩ː.tʼon] (N) day night cycle. ► (TH).

-tu [tu] (M) ending to turn all parts of speech other than verbs into the doer (agent); see also -yu. ► "reltseotu = artist" ([115]).

tukru [tuk.ˈɾu] (N) spear. ► oeyä tukrul txe’lanit tivakuk "let my spear strike the heart" (ASG, Hunt Song).

tul [tul] (Vin) run.

tung [tuŋ] (V) allow.

tung·zup [tuŋ.ˈzup] (Vtr) drop.

tup [tup] (Conj) instead of, rather than.

tupe [ˈtu.pɛ] (Q) who (alternative form: pesu).

tut [tut] (Part) particle of continuation. ► Oeru syaw fko Neytiri. Ngaru tut? "My name is Neytiri. And how about you?" (RaN).

tute [ˈtu.tɛ] (N) person (short plural: sute).tute "person" (LL).

tutan [tu.ˈtan] (N) male person.

tute [tu.ˈtɛ] (N) female person. ► tute "female person" (LL).

tuvon [ˈtu.von] (V) lean.

TX [tʼ]

txa’ [tʼaʔ] (Adj) hard.

txal [tʼal] (N) back (body part). ► (a collection).

txampay [tʼam.ˈpaj] (N) sea, ocean.

txampxì [tʼam.ˈpʼɪ] (N) majority, most, large part. ► (EDM).

txan [tʼan] (Adj) great (in quantity), much; long (of time).

txanew [ˈtʼa.nɛw] (Adj) greedy.

txantur [ˈtʼan.tuɾ] (Adj) powerful.

txantsan [ˈtʼan.ʦan] (Adj) excellent. ► "txantsan = excellent" (Fused -iv-infixes); Reltseotu atxantsan lu nga! [You are an excellent artist!] ([116]).

txantslusam [ˈtʼan.ʦlu.sam] (Adj) wise, much-knowing. ► lu nga txantslusam "you are wise" (ASG, Hunt Song).

txantstew [ˈtʼan.ʦtɛw] (N) hero.

txayo [ˈtʼa.jo] (N) field, open terrain.

txe’lan [tʼɛʔ.ˈlan] (N) heart (short plural: te’lan).sì ’ekong te’lanä, te’lanä le-Na’vi … "and the beat of the hearts, hearts of the people" (ASG, Weaving Song).

txele [ˈtʼɛ.lɛ] (N) matter (subject). ► lu awngar aytele apxay a teri sa'u pivlltxe "we have many matters to talk about" (Tag Question).

txen [tʼɛn] (Adj) awake.

txep [tʼɛp] (N) fire.

txepvi [ˈtʼɛp.vi] (N) spark.

txey [tʼɛj] (V) halt.

txìm [tʼɪm] (N) butt, ass, rear end.

txìng [tʼɪŋ] (V) leave, abandon.

txo [tʼo] (Conj) if (… tsakrr – … then). ► In case of factual conditions (realis) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the indicative mood: Txo new nga rivey, oehu! "Come with me, if you want to live!" (UGO); in case of hypothetical conditions (potentialis [and irrealis?]) the predicate of the conditional sentence is in the subjunctive mood: pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr … "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" (ASG, Hunt Song).

txoa [ˈtʼo.a] (N) forgiveness.

txokefyaw [ˈtʼo.kɛ.fjaw] (Conj) if not, or else, otherwise.

txon [tʼon] (N); (Adv) night (short plural: ton).[kato] trrä sì txonä "[the rhythm] of night and day [lit.: day and night]" (ASG, Weaving Song); Txon lefpom (livu ngar) "(It may be to you a) good night" ([117] Jan 31); Fìtxon na ton alahe nìwotx pelun ke lu teng? [Why is this night not the same like all other nights?] (Why is).

txon’ong [tʼon.ˈʔoŋ] (N); (Adv) darkness falls, night unfolds. ► (TH).

txon’ongmaw [tʼon.ˈʔoŋ.maw] (N); (Adv) after darkness falls, after night unfolds (↑ txon’ong). ► (TH).

txonam [tʼo.ˈnam] (Adv) last night.

txonay [tʼo.ˈnaj] (Adv) tomorrow night.

txopu [ˈtʼo.pu] (N) fear.

txukx [tʼukʼ] (Adj) deep.

txula [ˈtʼu.la] (V) build, construct. ► "txula (stress on 1st) 'built, construct'" (Auxilary verb SI).

txum [tʼum] (N) poison.

txur [tʼuɾ] (Adj) strong. ► Lu nga win sì txur "You are fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song).

TS (= C) [ʦ]

tsa- [ʦa] (M–) distal demonstrative prefix. ► (History of tsaw).

tsa’u [ˈʦa.ʔu] (Pron) it (thing) (alternative form: tsaw). ► (History of tsaw).

  1. tsa’ut [ˈʦa.ʔut] (or) tsa’uti [ˈʦa.ʔu.ti] (Accusative:) it (alternative form: tsat, tsati).

tsafya [ˈʦa.fja] (Adv) that way, like that.

tsaheyl si [ʦa.ˈhɛjl si] (Vin) bond with, establish a neural connection.

tsaheylu [ʦa.ˈhɛj.lu] (N) bond (neural connection).

Tsahìk [ˈʦa.hɪk] (NP) Tsahik, matriarch.

tsakem [ˈʦa.kɛm] (or) tsakem [ʦa.ˈkɛm] (Pron) that (action); (plural: tsahem). ► tsakem rä’ä sivi aylaheru "don’t do that action (don’t act that (way)) to others" (GMA).

tsakrr [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː] (N) that time; (Adv) at that time, then (txo … tsakrr – if … then). ► pxan livu txo nì’aw oe ngari, tsakrr … "only if I am worthy of you, [then] …" (ASG, Hunt Song); tsakrr paye’un sweya fya’ot "I will then decide the best way" (AMFP). About krr being a noun used averbially see also (Krr noun vs. adverb).

tsakrrvay [ʦa.ˈkr̩ː.vaj] (Adv) until then, in the meantime. ► (EDM).

tsalsungay [ʦal.su.ˈŋaj] (Adv) nevertheless, even so.

tsam [ʦam] (N) war.

tsampongu [ˈʦam.po.ŋu] (N) war party.

tsamsiyu [ˈʦam.si.ju] (N) warrior.

tsap’alute [ʦap.ˈʔa.lutɛ] (N) apology. ► Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe "I apologize for this moron" (TO).

tsap’alute si [ʦap.ˈʔa.lutɛ si] (Vin) apologize. ► Fìskxawngìri tsap’alute sengi [< sängi?] oe "I apologize for this moron" (TO).

tsatu [ˈʦa.tu] (Pron) that person.

tsatseng [ˈʦa.ʦɛŋ] (or) tsatseng [ʦa.ˈʦɛŋ] (Adv) there, that place.

tsaw [ʦaw] (Pron) it (thing) (alternative form: tsa’u). ► (History of tsaw).

  1. tsal [ʦal] (Ergative:) it.
  2. tse [ˈʦɛ.jæ] (Genitive:) its.
  3. tsar [ʦaɾ] (or) tsaru [ˈʦa.ɾu] (Dative:) it.
  4. tsat [ʦat] (or) tsati [ˈʦa.ti] (Accusative:) it (alternative form: tsa’ut, tsa’uti).
  5. tsari [ˈʦa.ɾi] (Topic:) it.

tsawke [ˈʦaw.kɛ] (N) sun. ► Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato … "The rhythm of rain and sun …" (ASG, Weaving Song).

tsawl [ʦawl] (Adj) big (in size or stature); tall.

tsawl slu [ʦawl slu] (Vin) grow.

tsawlhì’ [ʦawl.ˈhɪʔ] (N) size.

tsä’ [ʦæʔ] (V) squirt.

tse [ʦɛ] (Idiom) Well … (indicates resumption of conversation, or introduces a remark).

tse’a [ʦɛ.ˈʔa] (Vtr) see (physical sense). ► Oel tsìme’a tsenget a … "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([118]).

tseng [ʦɛŋ] (or) tsenge [ˈʦɛŋ.ɛ] (N) place. ► Oel tsìme’a tsenget [tsenge-t] (or) tsengit [tseng-it] a … "I didn't see (the place), where …" ([119]).

tsengpe [ˈʦɛŋ.pɛ] (Q) where? (alternative form: peseng).

tseo [ˈʦɛ.o] (N) art. ► "tseo = art"; "reltseotu = artist" ([120]).

tsewtx [ʦɛwtʼ] (Adj) dirty.

tsim [ʦim] (N) source.

tsìng [ʦɪŋ] (Num) four. ► (Numerals).

tsìve [ˈʦɪ.vɛ] (Adj) fourth. ► (Ordinal number).

tsìvol [ˈʦɪ.vol] (Num) (octal:) 40 (= decimal: 32). ► (Numerals).

tsko [ʦko] (N) bow (weapon).

  1. tsko swizaw [ʦko swi.ˈzaw] (N) bow and arrow.

tskxe [ʦkʼɛ] (N) rock, stone. ► Hetuwongìl awngeyä swotut ska’a, fte kllkivulat keruseya tskxet "The aliens destroy our sacred place to dig up dead rock" ([121]).

tskxekeng [ˈʦkʼɛ.kɛŋ] (N) training, exercise.

tslam [ʦlam] (Vtr) understand. ► Tslolam srak? "Did you get it?" (Reflexives).

tsleng [ʦlɛŋ] (Adj) false.

tsmuk [ʦmuk] (or) tsmuktu [ˈʦmuk.tu] (N) sibling.

tsmukan [ˈʦmu.kan] (N) brother.

tsmuke [ˈʦmu.kɛ] (N) sister.

tsnì [ʦnɪ] (Conj) that (introducing clauses after certain verbs).

tsngal [ʦŋal] (N) cup.

tsngan [ʦŋan] (N) meat.

tsngawvìk [ˈʦŋaw.vɪk] (Vin) cry, weep.

tso [ˈʦo.pɪ] (N) lung.

tspang [ʦpaŋ] (Vtr) kill.

tsranten [ˈʦɾan.tɛn] (Vin) matter, be of import(ance). ► ke tsranten [it doesn't matter] (Why is).

tsray [ʦɾaj] (N) village.

tsre’i [ˈʦɾɛ.ʔi] (Vtr) throw.

tstal [ʦtal] (N) knife.

tstew [ʦtɛw] (Adj) brave.

tstu [ʦtu] (Adj) closed, shut.

tstu si [ʦtu si] (Vin) close.

tstunwi [ˈʦtun.wi] (Adj) kind, thoughtful, considerate. ► Tstunwi "(it's) kind (of you to say)," and idiom for responding to a compliment (Na'viteri).

tstxo [ʦtʼo] (N) name. ► "tstxo = name"; about "What's your name?"/"My name is …" see syaw (RaN).

tstxolì’u [ˈʦtʼo.lɪ.ʔu] (N) noun.

tsuksìm [ˈʦuk.sɪm] (N) chin.

tsul [ʦul.ˈfæ] (N) mastery. ► Ngaru tsulfä "to you the mastery," said in a situation where the someone praising you is better at the activity you’re being praised for than you are yourself (Na'viteri).

tsul si [ʦul.ˈfæ si] (Vin) master.

tsultu [ʦul.ˈfæ.tu] (N) master of an art, craft, or skill; expert.

tsun [ʦun] (Vin + subjunctive) be able, can. ► Tsun oe ngahu nìNa’vi pivängkxo a fì’u oeru prrte’ lu "It’s a pleasure to be able to chat with you in Na’vi" (TO); fmawn a tsun oe ayngaru tivìng "news to give you [= news, which I can give you]" (AMFP); Oe tsun kivä "I can go" (CwT).

tsunslu [ˈʦun.slu] (Vin) may, be possible.

tsurokx [ʦu.ˈɾokʼ] (V) rest.

tswa’ [ʦwaʔ] (V) forget. ► (EDM).

tswayon [ˈʦwaj.on] (Vin) fly.

tswin [ʦwin] (N) queue (the Na'vi "ponytail").

tsyal [ʦjal] (N) wing. ► mesyalhu a ikran "an ikran with two wings" ([122] Feb 18).

tsyo [ʦjo] (N) flour.

tsyokx [ʦjokʼ] (N) hand.

tsyosyu [ˈʦjo.sju] (N) food made from flour. ► (EDM).

U [u]

ukxo [u.ˈkʼo] (Adj) dry.

ulte [ˈul.tɛ] (Conj) and (to connect sentences; in contrast tosì)Kìyevame ulte Eywa ngahu "See you again, and may Eywa be with you" (FL); Oel ayngati kameie, ma oeyä eylan, ulte ayngaru seiyi irayo "I see you, my friends, and I thank you" (AMFP).

ultxa [ul.ˈtʼa] (N) meeting.

ultxa si (hu) [ul.ˈtʼa si hu] (Vin) meet (with someone) (an intentional meeting).

ultxa·run [ul.ˈtʼa.ɾun] (V) encounter, meet someone (by chance).

unil [ˈu.nil] (N) dream.

Uniltaron [ˌu.nil.ˈta.ɾon] (N) Dream Hunt (Na’vi culture).fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" (AMFP).

uniltìrantokx [u.nil.tɪ.ˈɾan.tokʼ] (N) avatar (lit.: dreamwalker body).fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar "those who have brought us 'Avatar'" (AMFP).

Uniltìranyu [unil.tɪ.ˈɾan.ju] (N) dreamwalker.

uo [ˈu.o] (Adp–) behind.

‹us› [u.s] (Inf pre-1) turns the verb into an active participle, which is connected with it's belonging noun using a- | -a. ► Palulukan atusaron lu lehrrap "A hunting thanator is dangerous" ([123]).

utral [ˈut.ɾal] (N) tree.

  1. Utral Aymokriyä [ˈut.ɾal aj.ˈmok.ɾi.jæ] (N) Tree of Voices. ► (Lemondrop).

utraltsyìp [ˈut.ɾal.ʦjɪp] (N) bush.

-ur [uɾ] (M) dative suffix (in case of the word ending on a consonant) [allomorphs: -ur, -r ]. ► Ayeylanur oeyä sì eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi nìwotx "To all my friends and friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP).

uvan [u.ˈvan] (N) game. ► (MND).

uvan si [u.ˈvan si] (Vin) play. ► (MND).

‹uy› [u.j] (Inf 2) to indicate formal speech ‹form›. ► tayaruyon "will hunt (and the speaker wants to say it in a formal way)" ([124]).

V [v]

vawm [vawm] (Adj) dark.

vay [vaj] (Adp–) up to (several senses).vay set "up to now" (AMFP); "He counted up to 35", "Follow the river up to the land of destruction" ([125] Feb 01).

vaykrr [vaj.ˈkr̩ː] (Conj) until. ► "vaykrr (Conj): until" ([126] Feb 01).

vä’ [væʔ] (Adj) unpleasant to the senses.

ve’ [vɛʔ.ˈkɪ] (Vtr) hate.

venu [ˈvɛ.nu] (N) foot.

venzek [ˈvɛn.zɛk] (N) toe.

vey [vɛj] (N) food of animal origin; flesh. ► (EDM).

vi [vi.ˈɾæ] (V) spread, proliferate.

vofu [vo.ˈfu] (Num) (octal:) 16 (= decimal: 14). ► (Numerals).

vohin [vo.ˈhin] (Num) (octal:) 17 (= decimal: 15). ► (Numerals).

vol [vol] (Num) (octal:) 10 (= decimal: 8). ► (Numerals).

  1. vo+ [vo] (or) vol+ [vol] (M+) morpheme in numerals: before zam meaning "(octal) ten times …", otherwise meaning "(octal) ten and …". ► volaw, vomun, vopey, vosìng … [(octal) 11, 12, 13, 14, …], vozam, mevozam, pxevozam, … [(octal) 1000, 2000, 3000] (Numerals).

volaw [vol.ˈaw] (Num) (octal:) 11 (= decimal: 9). ► (Numerals).

volve [ˈvol.vɛ] (Adj) eighth. ► (Ordinal number).

vomun [vo.ˈmun] (Num) (octal:) 12 (= decimal: 10). ► (Numerals).

vozam [vo.zam] (Num) (octal:) 1000 (= decimal: 512). ► (Numerals).

vrrtep [ˈvr̩ː.tɛp] (N) demon. ► Fayvrrtep fìtsenge lu kxanì "These demons are forbidden here" (TO).

vul [vul] (N) branch (of a tree).

vur [vuɾ] (N) story.

vurvi [ˈvuɾ.vi] (N) summary, synopsis. ► (EDM).

W [w]

way [waj] (N) song.

waytelem [ˈwaj.tɛ.lɛm] (N) songcord.

[wæ] (Adp+) against (as in: fight against).

wem [wɛm] (Vin) fight. ► ayoe ke wasyem "we will not fight" (Intentional Future).

wempongu [ˈwɛm.po.ŋu] (N) squad, military clan, battle party.

wew [wɛw] (Adj) cold.

weyn [wɛjn] (V) draw, illustrate.

win [win] (Adj) fast. ► Lu nga win sì txur "You are fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song).

win säpi [win sæ.pi] (Vin) hurry.

win si [win si] (Vin) rush something, make somthing fast.

wìntxu [wɪn.ˈtʼu] (V) show.

wok [wok] (Adj) loud.

wotx [wotʼ] (N) totality, whole.

wou [ˈwo.u] (Vin) be amazing, be fascinating (slang). ► WOU Neytiri! "Neytiri is awesome!" Oeru woeiu lì’fya leNa’vi "I’m just fascinated by the Na’vi language" (TH).

wrrpa [ˈwr̩ː.pa] (N) outside; (Adv) outside.

wutso [ˈwu.ʦo] (N) dinner, served meal.

Y [j]

ya [ja] (N) air. ► (MND).

yawntu [ˈjawn.tu] (or) yawnetu [ˈjaw.nɛ.tu] (N) loved one.

yawne [ˈjaw.nɛ] (Adj) beloved. ► "yawne means 'beloved'" ([127] Jan 20); Nga yawne lu oer "I love you" ([128] Jan 21).

yayo [ˈja.jo] (N) bird.

yaymak [ˈjaj.mak] (Adj) foolish, ignorant.

-yä [jæ] (M) genitive suffix (in case of the word ending on a vowel) [allomorph: ]. ► Tompayä kato, tsawkeyä kato … "The rhythm of rain and sun …" (ASG, Weaving Song); eylanur lì’fyayä leNa’vi "to [all] friends of the Na’vi language" (AMFP); Utral Aymokriyä "Tree of Voices" (Lemondrop).

yän [jæn] (Vtr) fasten, tie down.

ye’krr [ˈjɛʔ.kr̩ː] (Adv) early.

ye’rìn [ˈjɛʔ.ɾɪn] (Adv) soon. ► Sìlpey oe, layu oeru ye’rìn sìltsana fmawn "I hope, I will soon have good news" (AMFP).

yem [jɛm] (Vtr) put, place.

yemfpay [jɛm.ˈfpaj] (N) dipping, immersion (into a liquid).

yemfpay si [jɛm.ˈfpaj si] (Vin) dip (into a liquid).

yerik [ˈjɛ.ɾik] (N) yerik, hexapede (zool.) [Sexcruscervus caeruleus (blue six-legged deer); up to 1.5 meters long, 2 meters in height; one of the animals hunted by the Na'vi (ASG, p. 84–86)]. ► "If Neytiri hunted a hexapede (yerik), you would say Neytiril yerikit tolaron [= Neytiri hunted a hexapede]" (MSNBC).

yey [jɛj] (Adj) straight.

yìm [jɪm] (Vtr) bind.

yol [jol] (Adj) short (time).

yom [jom] (Vtr) eat. ► "yom 'eat'" ([129] Dec 31); Oe new yivom teylut "I want to eat teylu" ([130] Jan 20).

yom·tìng [ˈjom.tɪŋ] (Vin + dative) feed. ► [ftxey] awpot [< ’awpot?] a Na’viru yomtìyìng "[choose] one, who will feed the People" (ASG, Hunt Song); "yomtìng, a compound: yom 'eat' + tìng 'give'", "the verb is thought of intransitively" ([131] Dec 31).

-yu [ju] (M) ending to turn a verb into the doer (agent); see also -tu. ► ([132]); taronyu [hunter].

yur [juɾ] (V) wash. ► oe yäpur "I wash myself" (Reflexives).

Z [z]

za’ärìp [za.ˈʔæ.ɾɪp] (Vtr) pull.

za’u [ˈza.ʔu] (Vin) come. ► [ayoe] zera’u "We are coming" (ASG, Hunt Song); Nga za’u fìtseng pxìm srak? "Do you come here often?" (Lemondrop).

zam [zam] (Num) (octal:) 100 (= decimal: 64). ► (Numerals).

zamunge [za.ˈmu.ŋɛ] (Vtr) bring. ► fo a Uniltìrantokxit (…) zamolunge awngar "those, who have brought aus 'Avatar'" (AMFP); paye’un sweya fya’ot a zamivunge oel ayngar … "I will decide the best way to bring you …" (AMFP).

zapxì [za.ˈpʼɪ] (N) front (front part or section).

zazam [za.zam] (Num) (octal:) 10,000 (= decimal: 4096). ► (Numerals).

zawng [zawŋ] (Vin) scream.

zek [ˈzɛk.wæ] (N) finger. ► (Some Conjunctions and Adverbs).

zene [ˈzɛ.nɛ] (Vin + subjunctive) must. ► livu win sì txur oe zene "I must be fast and strong" (ASG, Hunt Song); zene oe ’awsiteng tìkangkem sivi fohu … "I must work together with those …" (AMFP); Oe zene kivä "I must go" (CwT). The negation of this verb means "it is not obligatory", as in nga ke zene kivä "you don't have to go" (Zenke); see also zenke.

zenke [ˈzɛŋ.kɛ] (Vin) must not. ► nga zenke kivä! "you must not go!" (Zenke). Note anomalous spelling. See also zene.

zerok [ˈzɛ.ɾok] (V) remember. ► (EDM).

zize’ [zi.ˈzɛʔ] (N) hellfire wasp.

sìkrr [ˈzɪ.sɪ.kr̩ː] (N) season.

sìt [ˈzɪ.sɪt] (N) year. ► ayzìsìtä kato "the rhyhtm of the years" (ASG, Weaving Song); Mipa Zìsìt Lefpom Ngaru! [Happy New Year to You!] ([133] Dec 31).

zo [zo] (Vin) be well, be intact, be as it should be, work correctly or as nature intended.

  1. zeyko [zɛj.ˈko] (Vtr) heal, fix. ► [zeyk●●o].

zong [zoŋ] (V) save, defend.

zongtseng [ˈzoŋ.ʦɛŋ] (N) safe place, refuge.

zoplo [zop.ˈlo] (N) offense, insult.

zoslu [ˈzo.slu] (Vin) heal, become well, get fixed. ► [zosl●●u].

zup [zup] (Vin) fall.

zusawkrr [zu.ˈsaw.kr̩ː] (N) future time, future; (Adv) in the future. ► aylari zusawkrr 'ayeyng "the others (I) will answer in the future" (Numerals).