Difference between revisions of "Word Order Restrictions"

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(Created page with 'While Na'vi is usually described as having [http://forum.learnnavi.org/syntax-grammar/navi-linguistics-free-word-order/ free word order], there are nonetheless some restrictions …')
 
 
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While Na'vi is usually described as having [http://forum.learnnavi.org/syntax-grammar/navi-linguistics-free-word-order/ free word order], there are nonetheless some restrictions to know about.
 
While Na'vi is usually described as having [http://forum.learnnavi.org/syntax-grammar/navi-linguistics-free-word-order/ free word order], there are nonetheless some restrictions to know about.
  
* '''Ke''' must always go directly before the verb, kea must go before its noun.
+
* '''Ke''' must always go directly before the verb, '''kea''' must go before its noun.
 +
* A '''si''' verb will always have the word order '''X si''' or, negated, '''X ke si''' or '''X rä'ä si''' (where '''X''' is the noun or adjective element).
 +
** The sole exception is '''irayo si''', which can have the order disrupted somewhat.
 +
** If there is no noun or adjective element, just say '''si''' (or '''ke si''', or '''rä'ä si'''), like this example,
 +
:: '''Nga tsap'alute soli srak?''' - ''Did you apologize?''
 +
:: '''Soli.''' - ''(I) did (apologize).''
 
*  Attributive/non-predicative adjectives must either go directly before or directly after the noun they describe.  You can use both '''kawnga tute''' and '''tute akawng'''.
 
*  Attributive/non-predicative adjectives must either go directly before or directly after the noun they describe.  You can use both '''kawnga tute''' and '''tute akawng'''.
 
* Possessives/genitives must either go before directly before or directly after their possessed noun, except that an adjective describing the noun may come in between if necessary:
 
* Possessives/genitives must either go before directly before or directly after their possessed noun, except that an adjective describing the noun may come in between if necessary:
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: '''oeyä sìltsana 'eylan''' = ''' 'eylan asìltsan oeyä'''
 
: '''oeyä sìltsana 'eylan''' = ''' 'eylan asìltsan oeyä'''
 
* '''Ma''' must go directly before the name who is being addressed.
 
* '''Ma''' must go directly before the name who is being addressed.
* '''Srak(e)''' may (as far as I know) only go either at the very beginning or very end of a yes/no question.
+
* '''Srake''' should only go either at the very beginning of a yes/no question, and '''srak''' at the end.
 
* The words '''ko''' and '''nang''' must only go at the end of the sentence.
 
* The words '''ko''' and '''nang''' must only go at the end of the sentence.
 
* Modal verbs can only come somewhere before the secondary verb; the secondary verb cannot happen somewhere before the modal:
 
* Modal verbs can only come somewhere before the secondary verb; the secondary verb cannot happen somewhere before the modal:
 
: '''nga yivom tsun''' = wrong
 
: '''nga yivom tsun''' = wrong
 
: '''tsun nga yivom''' / '''nga tsun yivom''' / '''tsun yivom nga''' = correct forms.
 
: '''tsun nga yivom''' / '''nga tsun yivom''' / '''tsun yivom nga''' = correct forms.
* The topical must come at the beginning of the clause (though there seems to be an exception in song, in the Hunt Song, '''pxan livu txo nì'aw oe ''ngari...''''').
+
:* There are exceptions in song (the ''Hunt Song'', '''livu win sì txur oe zene''').
 +
* The topical must come at the beginning of the clause.
 +
** Again, exceptions may be found in song, the ''Hunt Song,'' '''pxan livu txo nì'aw oe ''ngari...'''''.
  
 
[[Category: Syntax]]
 
[[Category: Syntax]]

Latest revision as of 21:40, 9 January 2014

While Na'vi is usually described as having free word order, there are nonetheless some restrictions to know about.

  • Ke must always go directly before the verb, kea must go before its noun.
  • A si verb will always have the word order X si or, negated, X ke si or X rä'ä si (where X is the noun or adjective element).
    • The sole exception is irayo si, which can have the order disrupted somewhat.
    • If there is no noun or adjective element, just say si (or ke si, or rä'ä si), like this example,
Nga tsap'alute soli srak? - Did you apologize?
Soli. - (I) did (apologize).
  • Attributive/non-predicative adjectives must either go directly before or directly after the noun they describe. You can use both kawnga tute and tute akawng.
  • Possessives/genitives must either go before directly before or directly after their possessed noun, except that an adjective describing the noun may come in between if necessary:
oeyä 'eylan = 'eylan oeyä,
oeyä sìltsana 'eylan = 'eylan asìltsan oeyä
  • Ma must go directly before the name who is being addressed.
  • Srake should only go either at the very beginning of a yes/no question, and srak at the end.
  • The words ko and nang must only go at the end of the sentence.
  • Modal verbs can only come somewhere before the secondary verb; the secondary verb cannot happen somewhere before the modal:
nga yivom tsun = wrong
tsun nga yivom / nga tsun yivom / tsun yivom nga = correct forms.
  • There are exceptions in song (the Hunt Song, livu win sì txur oe zene).
  • The topical must come at the beginning of the clause.
    • Again, exceptions may be found in song, the Hunt Song, pxan livu txo nì'aw oe ngari....